低能质子注入金属靶实验中的核现象研究

在低能 ( 60～ 360keV)质子注入氘化钛 (Ti2 Hx)、钛 (Ti)、钼底衬钛箔及钼 (Mo)和不锈钢 (SS)等金属样品的实验中 ,观测到了能量分别约为 3 9、5 6和 8 4MeV的带电粒子产物。用符合望远镜和吸收片法进行粒子鉴别的结果表明 :这些带电粒子均具有α粒子特性。 3种α粒子来自质子与不同靶核发生的垒下核反应。其中 ,能量为 3 9MeV的α粒子具有很高的产额 ,其对应核反应的准激发函数曲线在 150～ 330keV能区内 ,随入射质子能量增大呈指数增长趋势。上述反应产物可能源于11N( p ,α) 12 C ,11B( p ,α) 8Be和7Li( p ,α) 4 He等核反应。但相关靶核的来源仍有待解释。利用扫描电子显微镜观测到有微球状的奇异形貌

Di-nuclear systems studied with the velocity filter SHIP

Various nuclear reactions like quasi-fission, fusion-fission or particle and cluster evaporation from excited compound nuclei were studied in heavy-ion reactions at the velocity filter SHIP of GSI. The velocity filter offers the possibility to detect all reaction products under zero degree relative to the beam direction. Together with the measurement of the product velocity distribution this allows for an identification of the underlying reaction mechanism. This article is focussed on reactions of Mg-25 and Ni-64 beams on Pb-206,Pb-207 targets at energies of 5.9 x A MeV and 8.7 x A MeV. Besides evaporation residues from Mg-25 + Pb-206 collisions we found evidence for rotation and quasi-fission of nuclear molecules formed in the entrance channel after the capture stage. The break-up of the systems showed a preferred clustering leading to isotopes in the region 84 <= Z <= 88 and 122 <= N <= 127 of the chart of nuclei.

Damage accumulation in gallium nitride irradiated with various energetic heavy ions

In this work a study of damage production in gallium nitride via elastic collision process (nuclear energy deposition) and inelastic collision process (electronic energy deposition) using various heavy ions is presented. Ordinary low-energy heavy ions (Fe+ and Mo+ ions of 110 keV), swift heavy ions (Pb-208(27+) ions of 1.1 MeV/u) and slow highly-charged heavy ions (Xen+ ions of 180 keV) were employed in the irradiation. Damage accumulation in the GaN crystal films as a function of ion fluence and temperature was studied with RBS-channeling technique, Raman scattering technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For ordinary low-energy heavy ion irradiation, the temperature dependence of damage production is moderate up to about 413 K resulting in amorphization of the damaged layer. Enhanced dynamic annealing of defects dominates at higher temperatures. Correlation of amorphization with material decomposition and nitrogen bubble formation was found. In the irradiation of swift heavy ions, rapid damage accumulation and efficient erosion of the irradiated layer occur at a rather low value of electronic energy deposition (about 1.3 keV/nm(3)),. which also varies with irradiation temperature. In the irradiation of slow highly-charged heavy ions (SHCI), enhanced amorphization and surface erosion due to potential energy deposition of SHCI was found. It is indicated that damage production in GaN is remarkably more sensitive to electronic energy loss via excitation and ionization than to nuclear energy loss via elastic collisions.

beta(+)/EC-decay study of Ir-176 neutron-deficient isotope

The beta(+)/EC decay of doubly odd Ir-176 has been investigated using Nd-146(Cl-35, 5n gamma)Ir-176 heavy ion fusion evaporation reaction at 210MeV bombarding energy. With the aid of a helium-jet recoil fast tape transport system, the reaction products were transported to a low-background location for measurements. Based on the data analysis, the previously published gamma rays in Ir-176 decay were proved, moreover, 3 new levels and 10 new gamma rays were assigned to Ir-176 decay. The new level scheme of Os-176 with low excitation energy has been established. The time spectra of typical gamma rays clearly indicate a long-lived low-spin isomer in Ir-176 nuclide.

空间辐射生物学研究进展；Research Progress on Space Radiation Biology

空间电离辐射尤其是高能带电粒子辐射可造成生物机体的严重损伤,是载人航天飞行的关键性限制因素之一。研究表明,带电粒子的生物学效应与其性质、剂量以及不同生物学终点有关;此外,微重力环境可能会影响空间辐射生物学效应。从多年来的空间搭载实验研究和地基模拟实验研究两个方面,综述了空间辐射的生物损伤效应及其与微重力环境复合作用的生物效应。

206At的高自旋态能级结构研究

利用能量为60MeV到80MeV的~(12)C束流，通过~(197)Au(~(12)C, 3n)~(206)At反应，产生并布居了~(206)At的高自旋态。用七台BGO(AC)HPGe探测器和一台用于探测低能γ跃迁的小平面探测器进行了γ射线的激发函数、γ-γ-t 符合及γ射线的DCO测量。基于这些测量，首次建立了~(206)At的能级纲图，发现了一个新的同质异能态，提取了它的寿命值。本工作首次建立了包括25条γ跃迁的~(206)At高自旋能级纲图，确定了一个半寿命为908 ± 400 ns. 、自旋字称为10~-的同质异能态。基于较重的双奇At核能级结构的系统性，用半经验的方法对~(206)At的10~-同质异能态进行了解释。通过与在实验上和理论上进行了详细研究的~(208)At的能级结构的比较，研究了~(206)At, ~(208)At 能级结构的系统性。

Development of functionalized terbium fluorescent nanoparticles for antibody labeling and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay application

Silica-based functionalized terbium fluorescent nanoparticles were prepared, characterized and developed as a fluorescence probe for antibody labeling and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. The nanoparticles were prepared in a water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion containing a strongly fluorescent Tb3+ chelate. N,N.N-1,N-1-12,6-bis(3'-aminomethyl-1'-pyrazolyl)phenylpyridine] tetrakis(acetate)-Tb3+ (BPTA-Tb3+), Triton X-100, octanol, and cyclohexane by controlling copolymerization of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-[2-(2- aminoethylamino)-ethylamino]propyl-trimethoxysilane (AEPS) with ammonia water. The characterizations by transmission electron microscopy and fluorometric quantum methods show that the nanoparticles are spherical and uniform in size, 45 +/- 3 nm in diameter, strongly fluorescent with fluorescence yield of 10% and a long fluorescence lifetime of 2.0 ms. The amino groups directly introduced to the nanoparticle's surface by using AEPS in the preparation made the surface modification and bioconjugation of the nanoparticles easier. The nanoparticle-labeled anti-human alpha-fetoprotein antibody was prepared and used for time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay of (x-fetoprotein (AFP) in human serum samples. The assay response is linear from 0.10 ng ml(-1) to about 100 ng ml(-1) with the detection limit of 0.10 ng ml(-1). The coefficient variations (CVs) of the method are less than 9.0%. and the recoveries are in the range of 84-98% for human serum sample measurements. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermodynamic study of ibuprofen by adiabatic calorimetry and thermal analysis

Molar heat capacities of ibuprofen were precisely measured with a small sample precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 80 to 400 K. The polynomial functions of C-p,C-m (J K-1 mol(-1)) versus T were established on the heat capacity measurements by means of the least fitting square method. The functions are as follows: for solid ibuprofen, at the temperature range of 79.105 K less than or equal to T less than or equal to 333.297 K, C-p,C-m = 144.27 + 77.046X + 3.5171X(2) + 10.925X(3) + 11.224X(4), where X = (T - 206.201)/127.096; for liquid ibuprofen, at the temperature range of 353.406 K less than or equal to T less than or equal to 378.785 K, C-p,C-m = 325.79 + 8.9696X - 1.6073X(2) - 1.5145 X-3, where X = (T - 366.095)/12.690. A fusion transition at T = 348.02 K was found from the C-p-T curve. The molar enthalpy and entropy of the fusion transition were determined to be 26.65 kJ mol(-1) and 76.58 J mol(-1) K-1, respectively. The thermodynamic functions on the base of the reference temperature of 298.15 K, (H-T - H-298.15) and (S-T - S-298.15), were derived. Thermal characteristic of ibuprofen was studied by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The temperature of fusion, the molar enthalpy and entropy of fusion obtained by DSC were well consistent with those obtained by adiabatic calorimeter. The evaporation process of ibuprofen was investigated further by TG and DTG, and the activation energy of the evaporation process was determined to be 80.3 +/- 1.4 kJ mol(-1). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

大气CO_2体积分数升高对油松叶片光合生理特性的影响

近年来大气CO2体积分数不断升高,虽然CO2体积分数升高对植物影响的研究已取得一定进展,但目前针对城市森林树种的相关研究甚少。利用开顶式气室研究了大气CO2体积分数升高对沈阳市城市森林主要树种油松(PinustabulaefomisCarr.)光合生理特性的影响。结果表明,整个生长季内,与对照相比,在大气CO2体积分数为700×10-6条件下,油松叶片的Chla、Chlb及Chl(a+b)质量分数提高,Chla/Chlb值降低,而类胡萝卜素质量分数则呈现出降低—升高—降低的趋势;整个处理期间,净光合速率显著提高,提高幅度为23.68%～133.18%(P<0.05或P<0.01);可溶性蛋白质量分数增加,并随着处理时间延长增加幅度增大,在通气40d时就达到差异极显著水平(P<0.01);大气CO2体积分数升高促进了油松叶片中可溶性糖、淀粉的积累;实验中并未观察到光合下调现象。

间伐强度对杉木－火力楠混交林生长影响的研究初报

对杉木－火力楠混交林进行４种间伐强度试验表明，间伐６年后各林分的杉木、火力楠胸径净生长量比对照分别增加７０—１３９、１１—２５％，树高增加４６—９０、７—１０％，村积生长增加５４—１４０、１０—４３％，林分蓄积量增加４９—７５ｍ３·ｈａ（－１），平均冠高增加２—６、８一１３％，第１活枝高下降０．５—３、３５—４８％。冠幅杉木下降１—２％、火力楠增加１—８％．可以认为，以间伐强度为３０和４０％２种方式较好，间伐后林分定型株数约保留在１６００—２２００株·ｈａ（－１）之间为宜．

黄土塬区旱作农田高生产力的水分环境效应与产量波动性

以长武生态站水肥产量效应的长期定位试验资料为基础，结合模型预测的分析方法，揭示出黄土高原旱作塬区高产农田的水分环境效应在于过度消耗土壤水库，降低土壤含水量，使作物生长转而过度依靠年度降水，出现年际产量的高波动性。指出旱作高产高波动性具有可持续性，它是当前旱作农业的基本特点。