988 resultados para 16:1(n-7) 16:1(n-5) 20:5(n-3)
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OBJECTIVES: It is still debated if pre-existing minority drug-resistant HIV-1 variants (MVs) affect the virological outcomes of first-line NNRTI-containing ART. METHODS: This Europe-wide case-control study included ART-naive subjects infected with drug-susceptible HIV-1 as revealed by population sequencing, who achieved virological suppression on first-line ART including one NNRTI. Cases experienced virological failure and controls were subjects from the same cohort whose viraemia remained suppressed at a matched time since initiation of ART. Blinded, centralized 454 pyrosequencing with parallel bioinformatic analysis in two laboratories was used to identify MVs in the 1%-25% frequency range. ORs of virological failure according to MV detection were estimated by logistic regression. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty samples (76 cases and 184 controls), mostly subtype B (73.5%), were used for the analysis. Identical MVs were detected in the two laboratories. 31.6% of cases and 16.8% of controls harboured pre-existing MVs. Detection of at least one MV versus no MVs was associated with an increased risk of virological failure (OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.35-5.60, P = 0.005); similar associations were observed for at least one MV versus no NRTI MVs (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 0.76-6.77, P = 0.140) and at least one MV versus no NNRTI MVs (OR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.12-5.18, P = 0.024). A dose-effect relationship between virological failure and mutational load was found. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-existing MVs more than double the risk of virological failure to first-line NNRTI-based ART.
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AIM: Hyperglycaemia is now a recognized predictive factor of morbidity and mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). For this reason, we aimed to evaluate the postoperative management of glucose control in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, and to assess the impact of glucose levels on in-hospital mortality and morbidity. METHODS: This was a retrospective study investigating the association between postoperative blood glucose and outcomes, including death, post-surgical complications, and length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and in hospital. RESULTS: A total of 642 consecutive patients were enrolled into the study after cardiovascular surgery (CABG, carotid endarterectomy and bypass in the lower limbs). Patients' mean age was 68+/-10 years, and 74% were male. In-hospital mortality was 5% in diabetic patients vs 2% in non-diabetic patients (OR: 1.66, P=0.076). Having blood glucose levels in the upper quartile range (> or =8.8 mmol/L) on postoperative day 1 was independently associated with death (OR: 10.16, P=0.0002), infectious complications (OR: 1.76, P=0.04) and prolonged ICU stay (OR: 3.10, P<0.0001). Patients presenting with three or more hypoglycaemic episodes (<4.1 mmol/L) had increased rates of mortality (OR: 9.08, P<0.0001) and complications (OR: 8.57, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Glucose levels greater than 8.8 mmol/L on postoperative day 1 and having three or more hypoglycaemic episodes in the postoperative period were predictive of mortality and morbidity among patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. This suggests that a multidisciplinary approach may be able to achieve better postoperative blood glucose control. Conclusion: Objectif: L'hyperglycmie a t reconnue comme facteur prdictif de morbidit et mortalit aprs un pontage aortocoronaire. Notre tude avait pour objectif d'valuer la prise en charge postopratoire des glycmies chez les patients qui avaient subi une intervention chirurgicale cardiovasculaire et d'valuer l'impact de ces glycmies sur la mortalit et la morbidit intrahospitalires. Mthodes: tude rtrospective recherchant une association entre la glycmie postopratoire et les complications postchirurgicales, la mortalit et la dure du sjour aux soins intensifs et l'hpital. Rsultats: L'tude a t ralise sur 642 patients qui avaient subi une intervention chirurgicale cardiovasculaire (ex. pontage aortocoronaire, endartrectomie de la carotide, pontage artriel des membres infrieurs). L'ge moyen est de 68 10 ans et 74 % des patients taient de sexe masculin. La mortalit intrahospitalire a t de 5 % parmi les patients diabtiques et 2 % chez les non-diabtiques (OR 1,66, p = 0,076). Les taux de glycmies situs dans le quartile suprieur (≥ 8,8 mmol/l) j1 postopratoire sont associs de manire indpendante avec la mortalit (OR 10,16, 95 % CI 3,20-39,00, p = 0,0002), les complications infectieuses (OR 1,76, 95 % CI 1,02-3,00, p = 0,04) et la dure du sjour aux soins intensifs (OR 3,10, 95 % CI 1,83-5,38, p < 0,0001). Les patients qui avaient prsent trois hypoglycmies ou plus (< 4,1 mmol/l) ont prsent un taux augment de mortalit (OR 9,08, p ≤ 0,0001) et de complications (OR 8,57, p < 0,0001). Conclusion : Des glycmies suprieures 8,8 mmol/l j1 postopratoire et la prsence de trois hypoglycmies ou plus en priode postopratoire sont des facteurs prdictifs de mauvais pronostic chez les patients qui avaient subi une intervention chirurgicale cardiovasculaire. Ainsi, une approche multidisciplinaire devrait tre propose afin d'obtenir un meilleur contrle postopratoire des glycmies.
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In this study, we assessed the prevalence of human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) in 141 serum samples from children less than four years of age with exanthematic disease. All samples were negative for measles, rubella, dengue fever and parvovirus B19 infection. Testing for the presence of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6)-specific high avidity IgG antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) revealed two main groups: one composed of 57 patients with recent primary HHV-6 infection and another group of 68 patients showing signs of past HHV-6 infection. Another 16 samples had indeterminate primary HHV-6 infection, by both IgG IFA and IgM IFA. Serum samples were subjected to a nested polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of HHV-7 DNA. Among patients with a recent primary HHV-6 infection, HHV-7 DNA was present in 1.7% of individuals; however, 5.8% of individuals tested positive for HHV-7 DNA in the group with past primary HHV-6 infection. Among the 16 samples with indeterminate diagnosis, 25% (4/16) had HHV-7 DNA (p < 0.002). We hypothesise that HHV-7 might be the agent that causes exanthema. However, a relationship between clinical manifestations and the detection of virus DNA does not always exist. Therefore, a careful interpretation is necessary to diagnose a primary infection or a virus-associated disease. In conclusion, we detected HHV-7 DNA in young children from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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AIM: To evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in a population-based cohort of HIV-1-infected children. METHODS: All children enrolled in the Swiss Mother and Child HIV Cohort Study, treated with LPV/r-based combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) between November 2000 and October 2008, were included. RESULTS: 88 children (25 (28%) protease inhibitor (PI)-naive, 16 (18%) ART-naive) were analysed (251 patient-years on LPV/r). After 48 weeks on LPV/r, 70 children had a median (interquartile range (IQR)) decrease in HIV-1 viral load of 4.25 log (5.45-3.17; PI-naive, n=17) and 2.53 (3.68-1.38; PI-experienced, n=53). Median (IQR) increase in CD4 count was 429 (203-593; PI-naive) and 177 (21-331; PI-experienced) cells/microl. These effects remained stable throughout 192 weeks for 25 children. Treatment was stopped for viral rebound in seven and suspected toxicity in 12 children. CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment with LPV/r-based cART is safe and effective in HIV-1-infected children.
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Kirje 7.1.1970
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Kirje 15.5.1968
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A extração de fósforo do solo pode ser comprometida pelas condições em que a análise é realizada e isso pode explicar a variabilidade nos resultados encontrados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de desvios na velocidade de agitação, no tempo de contato e na temperatura sobre a extração do P pelos extratores Mehlich-1 (M-1) e Mehlich-3 (M-3) em amostras de solo. O estudo foi conduzido por meio de três experimentos executados com 11 amostras de solo provenientes da camada arável de Latossolo, Neossolo, Argissolo, Cambissolo, Planossolo, que são representativas das regiões geomorfológicas do Planalto e da Depressão Central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para todos os experimentos, adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 × 5 × 11, sendo dois extratores, cinco velocidades, temperaturas ou tempos de contato solo/solução e 11 tipos de solo, com quatro repetições. No primeiro experimento, a mistura solo:solução foi agitada em 80, 100, 120, 140 e 160 oscilações por min (opm). No segundo, após a agitação por 5 min, a mistura solo:solução foi deixada em repouso por períodos de tempo de oito, 12, 16, 20 e 24 h para retirada dos extratos. No terceiro, a temperatura de execução de todo o protocolo de análises foi mantida constante em 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35 °C. O aumento na velocidade de agitação de 120 até 160 opm aumentou a quantidade de P extraído pelos extratores. O aumento no tempo de contato antes da extração da alíquota elevou as quantidades de P extraído pelo M-1 e diminuiu para o M-3. Variações na temperatura não influenciaram significativamente o extrator M-1, mas o M-3 foi mais sensível a variações. Uma padronização na velocidade de agitação, no tempo de repouso e uma climatização dos laboratórios tornam-se necessárias para diminuir a interferência causada sobre as quantidades de P extraído pelos métodos M-1 e M-3 em amostras de solo.
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PURPOSE: The macromolecule signal plays a key role in the precision and the accuracy of the metabolite quantification in short-TE (1) H MR spectroscopy. Macromolecules have been reported at 1.5 Tesla (T) to depend on the cerebral studied region and to be age specific. As metabolite concentrations vary locally, information about the profile of the macromolecule signal in different tissues may be of crucial importance. METHODS: The aim of this study was to investigate, at 7T for healthy subjects, the neurochemical profile differences provided by macromolecule signal measured in two different tissues in the occipital lobe, predominantly composed of white matter tissue or of grey matter tissue. RESULTS: White matter-rich macromolecule signal was relatively lower than the gray matter-rich macromolecule signal from 1.5 to 1.8 ppm and from 2.3 to 2.5 ppm with mean difference over these regions of 7% and 12% (relative to the reference peak at 0.9 ppm), respectively. The neurochemical profiles, when using either of the two macromolecule signals, were similar for 11 reliably quantified metabolites (CRLB < 20%) with relatively small concentration differences (< 0.3 μmol/g), except Glu ( 0.8 μmol/g). CONCLUSION: Given the small quantification differences, we conclude that a general macromolecule baseline provides a sufficiently accurate neurochemical profile in occipital lobe at 7T in healthy human brain.
Sntese de novos herbicidas derivados do 1,2alfa,4alfa,5-tetrametil-8-oxabiciclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-ona
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In this paper we report the synthesis of biologically active compounds through a [3+4] cycloaddition reaction to produce the main frame structure, followed by several conventional transformations. The 1,2alpha,4alpha,5-tetramethyl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one (11) obtained from a [3+4] cycloaddition reaction was converted into 1,2alpha,4alpha,5-tetramethyl-6,7-exo-isopropylidenedioxi-8 -oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one (13) in 46% yield. This was further converted into the alcohols 1,2alpha,4alpha,5-tetramethyl-6,7-exo-isopropylidenedioxi-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3 alpha-ol (14), 1,2alpha,4alpha,5-tetramethyl-6,7-exo-isopropylidenedioxi-8 -oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3beta-ol (15), 1,2alpha,4alpha,5-tetramethyl-3-butyl-6,7-exo-isopropylidenedioxi-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3 alpha-ol (17), 1,2alpha,4alpha,5-tetramethyl-3-hexyl-6,7-exo-isopropylidenedioxi-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3 alpha-ol (18) and 1,2alpha,4alpha,5-tetramethyl-3-decyl-6,7-exo-isopropylidenedioxi-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3 alpha-ol (19). Dehydration of 17, 18 and 19 with thionyl chloride in pyridine resulted in the alkenes 20, 21 and 22 in ca. 82% - 89% yields from starting alcohols. The herbicidal activity of the compounds synthesized was evaluated at a concentration of 100 µg g-1. The most active compound was 21 causing 42,7% inhibition against Cucumis sativus L.
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OBJETIVOS: analisar os resultados obsttricos e perinatais de 26 casos de sndrome de aspirao de mecnio (SAM) MTODOS: realizou-se reviso dos pronturios de 26 recm-nascidos (RN) com diagnstico de SAM. Os casos foram estudados em funo da mdia de permanncia do RN na UTIN e das principais complicaes maternas e neonatais, correlacionando-as entre si. RESULTADOS: dezoito conceptos nasceram no HG-FUCS e 8 fora; no perodo citado, ocorreram 3.976 nascimentos no HG-FUCS, incidncia de SAM de 0,45%. Dos 18 casos estudados, 9 nasceram pela via vaginal; o peso ao nascimento foi >2.500 g em dezesseis casos. Mecnio leve ocorreu em 50%, semelhante ao espesso. O Apgar no 1 minuto foi >7 em 3 casos (16,7%), entre 4 e 6, em 7 casos (38,9%), e entre 0 e 3, em 8 casos (44,4%). No 5 minuto, sete RN permaneceram deprimidos. A principal complicao neonatal foi anoxia (36% dos casos). A taxa de bito neonatal foi de 7,7%. A internao mdia na UTIN foi de 19,9 dias. CONCLUSO: a SAM constitui grave entidade clnica neonatal, relacionando-se com altas taxas de mortalidade neonatal, mecnio espesso em pelo menos a metade dos casos e nascimento de fetos deprimidos na sua maioria.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalncia de rebanhos positivos (focos) e identificar os fatores de risco que possam estar associados com a infeco pelo herpesvrus bovino 1 (BoHV-1) em rebanhos bovinos com atividade reprodutiva, na regio Oeste do Estado do Paran. O delineamento estatstico, amostras de soro e informaes referentes s propriedades foram as empregadas para o estudo da brucelose bovina no Estado do Paran dentro do contexto do Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicao da Brucelose e Tuberculose. Foram avaliadas 1930 fmeas com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses, provenientes de 295 rebanhos no vacinados contra o BoHV-1. Para o diagnstico sorolgico da infeco pelo BoHV-1, foi utilizado um ensaio imunoenzimtico (ELISA) indireto. Em cada propriedade foi aplicado um questionrio epidemiolgico, afim de obter informaes epidemiolgicas e prticas de manejo empregadas. Dos 295 rebanhos analisados, 190 foram considerados positivos para o BoHV-1, com a prevalncia de rebanhos de 64,41% (I.C.95% = 58,65-69,87%). As variveis consideradas fatores de risco para a infeco pelo BoHV-1 na anlise de regresso logstica multivariada foram: i) nmero (>23) fmeas com idade >24 meses (OR=2,22; IC: 1,09-4,51); ii) compra de reprodutores (OR=2,68; IC: 1,48-4,82); iii) uso de pastagens comuns (OR=5,93; IC: 1,31-26,82); iv) histrico de abortamento nos ltimos 12 meses (OR=2,37; IC: 1,09-5,16); v) presena de animais silvestres (OR=8,86; IC: 1,11-70,73). Estes resultados indicam que a infeco pelo BoHV-1 est amplamente distribuda na regio estudada e que fatores relacionados s caractersticas das propriedades e ao manejo esto associados infeco.
