América Latina y el Caribe: el manejo de la escasez de agua

Incluye Bibliografía

Pulpal and periodontal diseases increase triglyceride levels in diabetic rats

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate triglyceride and cholesterol levels in diabetic rats and their relationship with pulpal and periodontal diseases. Methods: Eighty male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar) were divided into the following eight groups comprising ten animals each: normal rats (G1), rats with pulpal diseases (G2), rats with periodontal diseases (G3), rats with both pulpal and periodontal diseases (G4), diabetic rats (G5), diabetic rats with pulpal diseases (G6), diabetic rats with periodontal diseases (G7), and diabetic rats with both periodontal and pulpal diseases (G8). Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin, periapical lesions were induced by exposing pulpal tissue to the oral environment, and periodontal diseases were induced by periodontal ligature. The animals were killed after 30 days, and lipid profile was enzymatically measured using Trinder's method. The total assessed values were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results: The triglyceride levels of diabetic rats with periodontal disease and of diabetic rats with both periodontal and pulpal diseases were significantly higher than those of normal rats and nondiabetic group rats, respectively. The differences in the cholesterol levels among the groups were not significant. Conclusions: We found that the association of pulpal and periodontal diseases with diabetes increased triglyceride levels in rats. Clinical significance: Changes in lipid profile may be related to the presence of oral infections and diabetes. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

A brazilian ergonomic human-robot interface case

Brazilian and foreign companies operating in Brazil in the last 30 years have been using automated productive resources, especially robots. These 3 decades doesńt seem to have been enough to develop in the actors involved with robots an adequate professional awareness. If we consider the predictive security and ergonomic aspects involved, we notice that there are critical failures on handling these situations. So in this study we tried to observe the presence of the human being in some workstations that operate with robots in the Brazilian Southeastern region. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

Design of a labVIEW system applied to predictive maintenance

The implementation of vibration analysis techniques based on virtual instrumentation has spread increasingly in the academic and industrial branch, since the use of any software for this type of analysis brings good results at low cost. Among the existing software for programming and creation of virtual instruments, the LabVIEW was chosen for this project. This software has good interface with the method of graphical programming. In this project, it was developed a system of rotating machine condition monitoring. This monitoring system is applied in a test stand, simulating large scale applications, such as in hydroelectric, nuclear and oil exploration companies. It was initially used a test stand, where an instrumentation for data acquisition was inserted, composed of accelerometers and inductive proximity sensors. The data collection system was structured on the basis of an NI 6008 A/D converter of National Instruments. An electronic circuit command was developed through the A/D converter for a remote firing of the test stand. The equipment monitoring is performed through the data collected from the sensors. The vibration signals collected by accelerometers are processed in the time domain and frequency. Also, proximity probes were used for the axis orbit evaluation and an inductive sensor for the rotation and trigger measurement. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

High dosage folic acid supplementation, oral cleft recurrence and fetal growth

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of folic acid supplementation on isolated oral cleft recurrence and fetal growth. Patients and Methods: The study included 2,508 women who were at-risk for oral cleft recurrence and randomized into two folic acid supplementation groups: 0.4 and 4 mg per day before pregnancy and throughout the first trimester. The infant outcome data were based on 234 live births. In addition to oral cleft recurrence, several secondary outcomes were compared between the two folic acid groups. Cleft recurrence rates were also compared to historic recurrence rates. Results: The oral cleft recurrence rates were 2.9% and 2.5% in the 0.4 and 4 mg groups, respectively. The recurrence rates in the two folic acid groups both separately and combined were significantly different from the 6.3% historic recurrence rate post the folic acid fortification program for this population (p = 0.0009 when combining the two folic acid groups). The rate of cleft lip with palate recurrence was 2.9% in the 0.4 mg group and 0.8% in the 4 mg group. There were no elevated fetal growth complications in the 4 mg group compared to the 0.4 mg group. Conclusions: The study is the first double-blinded randomized clinical trial (RCT) to study the effect of high dosage folic acid supplementation on isolated oral cleft recurrence. The recurrence rates were similar between the two folic acid groups. However, the results are suggestive of a decrease in oral cleft recurrence compared to the historic recurrence rate. A RCT is still needed to identify the effect of folic acid on oral cleft recurrence given these suggestive results and the supportive results from previous interventional and observational studies, and the study offers suggestions for such future studies. The results also suggest that high dosage folic acid does not compromise fetal growth. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Tolerância de cana-de-açúcar a herbicidas avaliada pela diferença testemunha pareada e tratamento

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

¿Desarrollo rural sin jóvenes?

Incluye Bibliografía

Agroindustria y pequeña agricultura: alcances conceptuales para una política de estímulo a su articulación

Incluye Bibliografía

Agroindustry and small-scale agriculture: conceptual guidelines for a policy to encourage linkage between them

Includes bibliography

Contribuições da análise do comportamento na avaliação e no tratamento de crianças com transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade

Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é um fenômeno estudado em diversos países, composto de sintomas de desatenção, imperatividade e impulsividade, ocorre na infância podendo persistir até a idade adulta. Este transtorno causa prejuízos nas áreas acadêmicas, sociais e ocupacionais, reduz a auto-estima, pode evoluir para delinqüência, uso de drogas e álcool, gera estresse nas famílias, tem alto custo financeiro e impacto social. O diagnóstico é feito com base em critérios clínicos adotados pelo DSM IV e o tratamento indicado combina farmacoterapia e psicoterapia. Considerando-se que TDAH é um transtorno de desenvolvimento de autocontrole e que estudos sugerem que autocontrole pode ser adquirido em condições de treino, torna-se relevante a realização de pesquisas aplicadas utilizando princípios da análise do comportamento, para minimizar prejuízos e contribuir para melhoria de qualidade de vida de portadores de TDAH. Este estudo objetivou verificar a eficácia do uso de esquemas de reforçamento diferencial de outro comportamento (DRO) e de atraso de reforço na instalação e/ ou aumento de comportamentos de autocontrole em um menino de 9 anos diagnosticado com TDAH, que faz uso de medicamento. O participante foi exposto ao procedimento de treino de autocontrole, realizou tarefas, durante as quais, caso se comportasse como combinado, recebia reforço. Ao final de cada sessão, trocava os reforços por brinquedos e poderia escolher reservá-los para obter reforços de maior valor. O procedimento foi dividido em sete etapas: (1) entrevista com a neuropediatra; (2) análise do prontuário e convocação; (3) entrevista inicial com responsáveis; (4) visita à escola e entrevista com professores; (5) sessões de observação direta (linha de base, habituação às regras, instalação, manutenção, fading e avaliação da estabilidade); (6) followp-up; e (7) encerramento. Realizaram-se 18 sessões de observação direta, gravadas em vídeo e transcritas para a elaboração de um sistema de categorias de comportamentos para análise. Os resultados foram analisados por meio da comparação entre relatos de entrevistas, resultados de instrumentos padronizados e categorias de comportamentos observados. Identificou-se que os comportamentos de autocontrole do participante se ampliaram e generalizaram para outros contextos, durante as sessões e em domicílio, conforme os relatos dos pais e da professora da escola atual, e registro de observação direta da terapeuta-pesquisadora. Verificou-se que a utilização de esquema de reforçamento DRO com disponibilidade limitada pode favorecer o aumento de comportamentos de autocontrole e generalizações em crianças com TDAH.

Andromaque, de Jean Racine: duas leituras

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar uma obra-prima do teatro clássico francês: Andromaque (1667), de Jean Racine. Primeiramente, efetuamos sua leitura segundo os princípios da doutrina clássica, que se formou entre 1620 e 1660, na França. Nessa perspectiva, Andrômaca, rainha troiana vencida e cativa, é a personagem triunfante, uma forte personalidade feminina fora do alcance do leitor/espectador: quem é de fato Andrômaca, enquanto Pirro não está morto? Em seguida, destacamos uma das análises realizadas pela crítica literária do século XX, a qual utilizou instrumentos interpretativos vários. A leitura que fez Roland Barthes (1963) em Sur Racine subverte a interpretação anterior que se fazia à luz da doutrina clássica, apresentando-nos Pirro como o grande herói trágico, e a personagem mais emancipada do teatro raciniano.

Anticorpos policlonais em dietas com alta inclusão de concentrado para bovinos confinados

Among alternatives to replace ionophores, which are classified as antibiotics by some committees, the feeding of polyclonal antibodies have shown an interesting and economically efficient alternative. Recent studies have demonstrated some advantages of adding polyclonal antibodies into high-concentrate diets for feedlot cattle, showed by increased performance and ruminal health, in some cases similar to sodium monensin. However, there are blind spots of this innovated technology that still need to be elucidated, as example, if the dry form of the preparation is inactivated and decreased carcass-dressing percentage. All in all, this review demonstrates the possibility of replacing sodium monensin by this feed additive without negatively impacting animal performance and profit of cattle feeders in Brazil.

Vibration Control Applied in a Semi-Active Suspension using Magneto Rheological Damper and Optimal Linear Control Design

In this paper we study the behavior of a semi-active suspension witch external vibrations. The mathematical model is proposed coupled to a magneto rheological (MR) damper. The goal of this work is stabilize of the external vibration that affect the comfort and durability an vehicle, to control these vibrations we propose the combination of two control strategies, the optimal linear control and the magneto rheological (MR) damper. The optimal linear control is a linear feedback control problem for nonlinear systems, under the optimal control theory viewpoint We also developed the optimal linear control design with the scope in to reducing the external vibrating of the nonlinear systems in a stable point. Here, we discuss the conditions that allow us to the linear optimal control for this kind of non-linear system.

Evaluation of Macroalgae Sulfated Polysaccharides on the Leishmania (L.) amazonensis Promastigote

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Artificial Immune Systems Applied to the Analysis of Structural Integrity of a Building

This paper presents the application of artificial immune systems for analysis of the structural integrity of a building. Inspired by a biological process, it uses the negative selection algorithm to perform the identification and characterization of structural failure. This paper presents the application of artificial immune systems for analysis of the structural integrity of a building. Inspired by a biological process, it uses the negative selection algorithm to perform the identification and characterization of structural failure. This methodology can assist professionals in the inspection of mechanical and civil structures, to identify and characterize flaws, in order to perform preventative maintenance to ensure the integrity of the structure and decision-making. In order to evaluate the methodology was made modeling a two-story building and several situations were simulated (base-line condition and improper conditions), yielding a database of signs, which were used as input data for the negative selection algorithm. The results obtained by the present method efficiency, robustness and accuracy.