Les organisations Freies Deutschland en France et en Suisse : nouveaux partenaires allemands à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ?

Cet article analyse le processus qui mène à la légalisation des organisations Freies Deutschland en France et en Suisse. Celles-ci ont été fondées en automne 1943, à la suite du National Komitee « Freies Deutschland », leur organisation mère créée par des prisonniers de guerre de la Wehrmacht et des réfugiés politiques allemands. Le but de ces organisations est d'abattre le régime nazi et de rassembler les exilés et militaires allemands qui partagent ses buts. L'article analyse également comment les gouvernements français et suisse ont reçu ces organisations et dans quelle mesure ils leur ont permis d'exister et de développer leurs activités dans les deux pays. Leurs réactions face à ces organisations sont en grande partie déterminées par leur propre politique dans les domaines dans lesquels Freies Deutschland se propose également d'intervenir.

NKP:n Pääsihteeri L.I. Brezhnev 3/4 1973

Kirje 3.4.1973

Göttingen 27/7 1929

Kirje 27.7.1929

Physical activity assessment using a pedometer and its comparison with a questionnaire in a large population survey.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the pedometer in epidemiologic research on physical activity. Within the framework of a health examination survey in 1988-1989, physical activity was assessed in a representative population sample of 493 men and women aged 25-74 years who were residents of Switzerland. They wore a pedometer for 1 week at work and during leisure time, and the results, converted into steps per day, were compared with answers to a questionnaire. The average number of steps per day decreased from 11,900 to 6,700 and from 9,300 to 7,300 for men and women, respectively, in the youngest to the oldest age groups. For men, categorized according to type of physical activity at work, there was a highly significant difference in the number of steps (p < 0.001), whereas in women the results were associated with leisure-time physical activity (p = 0.003). For both sexes, practicing sports more than once a week was associated with an important increase in steps per day. Analyzing the number of steps according to the day of the week and occupational category produced an unexpected result: Men with a physically active job engaged in more leisure-time physical activity on the weekend. The pedometer proved to be useful in assessing physical activity in a large, free-living population.

Tuomiorovasti Olavi Kares 16/1 1962

Kirje

Insetos indutores de galhas da porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brasil

A riqueza de insetos galhadores é maior nas latitudes intermediárias em hábitats quentes e com vegetação esclerófila sob estresse hídrico e de nutrientes. Em regiões tropicais, os campos rupestres são indicados como hábitats ricos em espécies de insetos galhadores. Neste trabalho, foram descritas as galhas induzidas por insetos e suas plantas hospedeiras na porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço, sudeste do Brasil. Foram selecionados 60 sítios em seis regiões ao longo na porção sul da Cadeia do Espinhaço no estado de Minas Gerais. Em cada sítio 100 plantas foram amostradas totalizando 6.000 plantas censuradas ao longo de um gradiente altitudinal de 668 a 1860m. Foram encontrados 241 morfotipos de galhas em 142 espécies de plantas distribuídas em 29 famílias e de um total de 384 espécies de plantas amostradas. As famílias mais ricas em espécies de insetos galhadores foram Asteraceae (42%), principalmente espécies do gênero Baccharis. A maior parte das galhas (85%) foi induzida por insetos da família Cecidomyiidae seguidos por Lepidoptera (4%) e Homoptera (3%). Os ramos foram os órgãos mais freqüentemente atacados (72%) enquanto que os morfotipos mais comuns foram o elíptico (37%) e o globóide (36%). A espécie de planta hospedeira que apresentou mais morfotipos de galhas foi Baccharis pseudomyriocephala com 10 galhas distintas. Este estudo sustenta a afirmativa que campos rupestres apresentam uma elevada riqueza em espécies de insetos galhadores.

Evaluación poblacional del recurso concha de abanico (Argopecten purpuratus) en el Callao. 20 al 23 y 26 de abril 1999

Describe los resultados de la evaluación poblacional de concha de abanico en el Callao del 20 al 23 y 26 de abril de 1999, cubriendo el área comprendida entre las islas San Lorenzo, El Frontón y la Punta con el objeto de estimar la magnitud poblacional y determinar las características del recurso en relación al ambiente marino, teniendo en cuenta que el recurso se encuentra entre los moluscos de mayor importancia económica en el Perú y es uno de los principales invertebrados sometidos a intensa extracción comercial.

Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva) and Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in a sympatric area: seasonal and nocturnal hourly rhythm in black and white modified Shannon traps

Captures with black and white Shannon traps were undertaken to identify aspects of the behavior of the two cryptic and sympatric species implicated as vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis, Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) and Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto, 1926). The traps were installed side by side, monthly, from July 2001 to June 2002, from 18 to 07 hours, in a peridomicile of Iporanga municipality, state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 2,142 specimens were captured, Ny. intermedia (47.4%) and Ny. neivai (50.5%). The white trap was more attractive to both sexes of both species. Males of Ny. neivai predominated (70%) over those of Ny. intermedia on the two traps; on the black trap, the females of Ny. intermedia predominated (63.3%) over those of Ny. neivai (36.7%). Seventy percent of the specimens of both species were captured between 18 and 24 h. Females of Ny. intermedia presented the highest peak at 19-20 h, and those of Ny. neivai at 20-21 h. The highest hourly average for females of Ny. intermedia on the black trap occurred in the winter and that for males in the summer. For Ny. neivai, both sexes predominated in the summer. The two species probably transmit the cutaneous leishmaniasis in the area due to their great predominance.