Healthy, educated and wealthy : Is the welfare state really harmful for growth?

In this paper, we study how public and private expenditures in health and education affect economic growth by their influence on people's health, abilities, skills and knowledge. We consider a growth accounting framework in order to test whether welfare expenditures more than offset the efficiency losses caused by distortionary taxation, and whether the effects of public expenditure on economic growth differ from those of private expenditure. Our empirical analysis is based on a panel of 19 OECD countries observed between 1971 and 1998. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the contribution of welfare expenditures more than compensates for the distortions caused by the tax system; and the estimated positive impact is stronger for health than for education. We also find some evidence that public expenditure influences GDP growth more than private expenditure.

Worksharing and access discounts in the postal sector with asymmetrics information

This paper analyses the optimal worksharing discount granted to mailers and entrants in a liberalized sector when there is asymmetric information about the Post Office's cost. When the regulator is unable to ascertain which part of total cost of sorting has to be attributed to each sorting facility, the optimal 'accesss discount' given to the entrants is set in a pro-competitive way, thus facilitating the entry of firms that are less afficient than the Post Office. Howerver, with the same asymmetry of information, the optimal 'worksharing discount' given to the mailers is set to favor the Post Office, even when it is less efficient than the mailers in providing the sorting.

Características estratigráficas y sedimentológicas del 'Garumniense' en el sector de Ager (Pre-Pirineo, Lleida).

La sucesión estratigráfica de los depósitos continentales de la ' cuenca de Ager corresponde a sedimentos lacustres (Fm Massana), depósitos fluviales y de llanura de inundación (Fm. Figuerola), sedimentos lacustres (Fm. Milla) y una sucesión de materiales palustres, lacustres, fluviales, de lagunas evaponticas y aun mareales (Complejo de Perauba). Todos esos materiales fueron depositados en los diferentes medios sedimentarios citados que se desarrollaron en esa zona entre el Maastrichtiense y el Paleógeno inferior. En concreto, el tránsito entre el Cretácico y el Terciario (m)se produjo en uno de esos medios sedimentarios. Anteriormente se habia correlacionado ese límite con un nivel litoestratigráfico concreto (carbonatos de la Fm. Milla), pero actualmente se conoce que ese evento se produce en el tercio superior de la unidad tem'gena de la Fm. Figuerola. Los datos de paleomagnetismo sugieren que los dinosaunos y las carófitas cretácicas empezaron a desaparacer, en esta zona, unos dos millones de años antes que sucediera el evento asociado al límite K/T.

Welfare Work in Iowa, 1921.

This book, by Marcus L. Hansen, supplements a previously written book by him called Welfare Campaigns in Iowa. It details accounts of particular groups or organizations in Iowa that were active in welfare campaigns or work during World War I.

Características sedimentológicas de la terminación del ciclo marino del Eoceno superior en el sector oriental de la Depresión del Ebro (Catalunya, N.E. de Espaiia)

Durante el 'Biarritziense' superior y el Priaboniense, la sedimentación en el Eoceno autóctono de Catalunya, adquiere caracteres deltaicos acumulándose los sedimentos en forma de lóbulos deltaicos que translapan sucesivamente y progradan hacia el interior de la cuenca. Cuando los canales distributarios que originan a estos lóbulos son abandonados, se produce un retrabajamiento de sus materiales por la acción marina (oleaje y posiblemente mareas). Es en este episodio cuando, sobre la morfologia dcltaica heredada, se desarrollaron con mucha frecuencia arrecifes de corales y algas rojas que murieron al depositarse sobre ellos los materiales silicoclasticos procedentes de la progradación de un nuevo lóbulo deltacio. Una excepción la constituye el arrecife de Sant Bartomeu del Grau, resultante de la superposición de dos periodos de crecimiento arrecifal, cuya muerte guarda relación, en cada caso, con las primeras etapas de sedimentación evaporitica de la Cuenca evaporitica central catalana. El mecanismo de cierre para este extremo de la cuenca evaporitica se interpreta originado por el estrangulamiento de la misma por la acción de los lóbulos deltaicos procedentes de los bordes Sur y Norte de la cuenca. El estudio cronoestratigráfico efectuado corrobora al modelo paleogeográfico que se expone, el cual, presupone una conexión «mediterránea» por el Emporda durante el Priaboniense.

Los Ciprínidos (Pisces) del sistema lacustre Oligocénico-Miocénico de los Monegros (sector SE de la cuenca del Ebro, provincias de Lleida, Tarragona, Huesca y Zaragoza)

El material de dientes faringeos de Ciprinidos procedentes de las sucesiones lacustres del Oligoceno superior y Aquitaniense inferior del sector SE de la cuenca del Ebro es atribuido a Rutilus antiquus n.p. Esta nueva especie es morfologicamente proxima a R. pachecoi (ROYO) y ccLeuciscusa antunesi GAUDANT, reconocidas en el Mioceno de la Pennsula Ibrica, asi como a la especie actual R. alburnoides (STEINDACHNER). R. antiquus n.p. habito durante el Oligoceno superior y probablemente durante el Aquitaniense 1os lagos someros endorreicos de salinidad variable (Sistema lacustre de Los Monegros) del sector SE de la cuenca del Ebro.

Análisis litosísmico y estructura sedimentaria de la plataforma interna al Norte del delta del Ebro (sector de Vandellós)

El análisis sísmico de perfiles de alta resolución del tipo ((uniboom)), realizados en la plataforma interna al N del Delta del Ebro, permite definir las unidades sísmicas y establecer la estructura sedimentaria del Ambos aspectos reflejan la influencia diferencial de los procesos recubrimiento cuaternario medio/superior. Ambos aspectos reflejan la influencia diferencial de los procesos dinámicos y de las oscilaciones eustáticas.

Los sistemas lacustres del Eoceno superior y Oligoceno del sector oriental de la Cuenca del Ebro

El relleno sedimentari de edad Priaboniense superior-Chattiense dcl sector oriental de la cuencade antepaís del Ebro puede subdividirse en cinco secuencias deposicionales, definidas en base a 1os principales cambios paleogeográficos que afectaron alos sistemas aluviales y lacustres en la región. Tanto el desarrollo de estructuras tectónicas superficiales como 1os procesos de ajuste isostático regional son considerados como 1os principales factores de control de esta evolución sedimentaria. Los cinco sistemas lacustres reconocidos (La Noguera, L'Anoia, Segarra, L'Urgell y Los Monegros) muestran unas caracteristicas de extensión areal y desarrollo de facies fuertemente controladas por su situación respecto a las zonas de máxima subsidencia. Las tendencias megasecuenciales de cambio o de alternancia de deposición evaporítica y carbonatada, son atribuidas aquí tanto a posibles cambios climáticos como a cambios en la composición del área fuente. Estos fueron inducidos por la evolución tectónica de los margenes de la cuenca.

Une vue globale du secteur ambulatoire: étude structurelle et fonctionnelle dans les cantons de Vaud et Fribourg. [A general view of the ambulatory care sector: Structural and functional study in the cantons of Vaud and Fribourg].

The project "Quantification and qualification of ambulatory health care", financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation and covering the Cantons of Vaud and Fribourg, has two main goals: --a structural study of the elements of the ambulatory care sector. This is done through inventories of the professions concerned (physicians, public health nurses, physiotherapists, pharmacists, medical laboratories), allowing to better characterize the "offer". This inventory work includes the collect and analysis of existing statistical data as well as surveys, by questionnaires sent (from September 1980) to the different professions and by interviews. --a functional study, inspired from the US National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and from similar studies elsewhere, in order to investigate the modes of practice of various providers, with particular regard to interprofessional collaboration (through studying referrals from the ones to the others). The first months of the project have been used for a methodological research in this regard, centered on the use of systems analysis, and for the elaboration of adequate instruments.

Contexts and typologies in the analysis of welfare state legitimacy : a social psychological approach to political opinion formation

This dissertation analyses public opinion towards the welfare state across 29 European countries. Based on an interdisciplinary approach combining social psychological, sociological, and public opinion approaches to political opinion formation, it investigates how social position and shared beliefs shape perceived legitimacy of welfare institutions, and how social contexts impact on the processes of opinion formation. Drawing on social representations theory, as well as socialization and self-interest approaches, the dissertation analyses the role of social position in lay support for institutional solidarity. Normative beliefs-defined as preferred views regarding the organisation of social relations-mediate the effect of social position on welfare support. In addition, drawing on public opinion literature, the dissertation analyses opinion formation as a function of country-level structural (e.g., level of social spending, unemployment) and ideological factors (e.g., level of meritocracy). The dissertation comprises two theoretical and four empirical chapters. Three of the empirical chapters use data from the European Social Survey 2008. Using multilevel and typological approaches, the dissertation contributes to welfare attitude literature by showing that normative beliefs, such as distrust or egalitarianism, function as underlying mechanisms that link social position to policy attitudes (Chapter 3), and that characteristics of the national contexts influence the processes of political opinion formation (Chapters 3 and 4). Chapter 5 proposes and predicts a typology of the relationship between attitudes towards solidarity and attitudes towards control, reflecting the two central domains of government intervention. Finally, Chapter 6 examines welfare support in the realm of action and social protest, using data from a survey on Spanish Indigados activists. The findings of this dissertation inform contemporary debates about welfare state legitimacy and retrenchment. - Cette thèse avait pour but d'analyser l'opinion publique envers l'Etat social dans 29 pays européens. Basée sur une approche interdisciplinaire qui combine des perspectives psycho-sociales, sociologiques et d'opinion publique sur la formation d'opinion politique, la thèse étudie comment la position sociale et les croyances partagées façonnent la légitimité perçue des institutions de l'Etat social, et comment les contextes sociaux influencent les processus de formation d'opinion. Basée sur la théorie des représentations sociales, ainsi qu'une approche de socialisation et d'intérêt propre, cette thèse analyse le rôle des positions sociales dans le soutien envers la solidarité institutionnelle. Les croyances normatives-définies comme les visions préférées de l'organisation des rapports sociaux-médiatisent l'effet de la position sociale sur le soutien pour l'Etat social. De plus, s'inspirant de la littérature sur l'opinion publique, la thèse analyse la formation d'opinion en fonction des facteurs structurels (ex. le taux de dépenses sociales, le chômage) et idéologiques (ex. le degré de méritocratie). Cette thèse est composée de deux chapitres théoriques et quatre chapitres empiriques. Trois chapitres empiriques utilisent des données provenant de l'enquête European Social Survey 2008. Appliquant des approches multi-niveux et typoloqiques, la thèse contribue à la littérature sur les attitudes envers l'Etat social en montrant que les croyances normatives, telles que la méfiance ou l'égalitarisme, fonctionnent comme des mécanismes sous-jacents qui relient la position sociale aux attitudes politiques (Chapitre 3), et que les caractéristiques des contextes nationaux influencent les processus de formation d'opinion politique (Chapitres 3 et 4). Le chapitre 5 propose et prédit une typologie sur le rapport entre les attitudes envers la solidarité et celles envers le contrôle, renvoyant à deux domaines centraux de régulation étatique. Enfin, le chapitre 6 examine le soutien à l'Etat social dans le domaine de l'action protestataire, utilisant des données d'une enquête menée auprès des militants espagnols du mouvement des Indignés. Les résultats de cette thèse apportent des éléments qui éclairent les débats contemporains sur la légitimité de l'Etat social et son démantèlement.

Child Welfare Provider Growth Options Committee Final Report, February 6, 2009

This report summarizes the work undertaken and results produced, by the Iowa Department of Human Services (DHS) in consultation with the Child Welfare Provider Growth Options Committee. The committee’s purpose, membership, work process and options considered are outlined below.

The Child Welfare Decategorization Program, August 2010

This Handbook is designed to outline the purposes, goals, structure, and operational procedures for Iowa’s Child Welfare Decategorization Program. The Handbook incorporates experiences gained since the inception of Decategorization in 1987. As with any initiative that began on a pilot basis, Decategorization has been an evolving program in which parameters and procedures have undergone modifications to achieve the desired results. The Handbook serves as a guidebook for implementation and operation of Decategorization and a means of communicating information on program parameters and procedures. Purposes of Decategorization of child welfare and juvenile justice funding is an initiative intended to establish systems of delivering human services based upon client needs to replace systems based upon a multitude of categorical funding programs and funding sources, each with different service definitions and eligibility requirements. Decategorization is designed to redirect child welfare and juvenile justice funding to services which are more preventive, family centered, and community-based in order to reduce use of restrictive approaches that rely on institutional, out-of home, and out-of-community care.

Particle and string fluid interpretation for the scalar sector of Kaluza-Klein theories

The scalar sector of the effective low-energy six-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory is seen to represent an anisotropic fluid composed of two perfect fluids if the extra space metric has a Euclidean signature, or a perfect fluid of geometric strings if it has an indefinite signature. The Einstein field equations with such fluids can be explicitly integrated when the four-dimensional space-time has two commuting Killing vectors.