Efeito do exercício físico e estatinas na função muscular em animais com dislipidemia

As estatinas são utilizadas no tratamento das dislipidemias, com grande tolerância; no entanto, vários efeitos colaterais podem surgir, destacando-se miopatia. A prática regular do exercício físico (EF) produz modificações favoráveis no perfil lipídico; entretanto, pode gerar lesões musculares. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da associação entre exercício físico e estatinas na função muscular, pela análise histológica, em modelo experimental animal com dislipidemia. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 80 ratos machos Wistar, distribuídos em oito grupos, incluindo animais submetidos à dieta hipercolesterolêmica (DH), sinvastatina com (G1) e sem (G2) EF; DH e fluvastatina, com (G3) e sem EF (G4); alimentados com ração comercial (RC) na presença (G5) e ausência de (G6) EF; DH submetidos (G7) ou não (G8) a EF. A DH foi administrada por 90 dias, as estatinas e prática de EF em esteira rolante por oito semanas. Os animais foram sacrificados, e o músculo sóleo retirado para análise histológica. Aplicaram-se os testes t de Student pareado e análise multivariada, com nível significante para p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: As principais alterações histológicas encontradas foram fibras de diferentes diâmetros, atróficas, em degeneração, splitting, edema, infiltrado inflamatório. Essas alterações foram observadas em 90% dos animais do grupo G1, 80% do G2, 70% do G3, 30% do G4, 40% do G5 e 30% do G7. Nos grupos G6 e G8 identificaram-se fibras musculares com morfologia preservada. CONCLUSÕES: Na avaliação histológica muscular, a associação entre fluvastatina, sinvastatina e exercício físico acarreta alterações morfológicas com predomínio no uso da sinvastatina, variando de grau leve a grave, no músculo sóleo de ratos, induzidos pelos inibidores da HMG-CoA redutase.

O exercício físico melhora a sensibilidade à insulina de ratos expostos à fumaça de cigarro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Exposição repetida à cafeína aumenta a atividade locomotora induzida pelo femproporex em ratos adolescentes e adultos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fos-like immunoreactivity in central nervous system of mice simultaneously exposed to the elevated plus-maze and nociception

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ánálise da capacidade funcional e da distribuição regional da ventilação pulmonar em pacientes com doença de chagas

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac and pulmonary manifestations of the Chagas disease (CD) affect between 20-30% of the infected subjects. The chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) has some peculiarities such as arrhythmias and, especially heart failure (HF) and is potentially lethal due to left ventricular dysfunction. How respiratory disorders, patients get progressive loss of functional capacity, which contributes to a poor quality of life related to disease. Measurements of lung volume by the movement of the chest wall surface are an alternative evaluation of lung function and kinematics of complex thoracoabdominal for these patients. OBJECTIVE: evaluate the kinematics of the thoracoabdominal complex through the regional pulmonary volumes and to correlate with functional evaluation of the cardiorrespiratory system in patients with Chagas disease at rest. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a cross-section study with 42 subjects had been divided in 3 groups, 15 composed for patients with CCC, 12 patients with HF of different etiologies and 15 healthful presented control group. An optoelectronic plethysmography (POE), Minnesota questionnaire, six minute walk test, spirometer and manovacuometer was used. RESULTS: It was observed in the 6MWT where group CRL presented greater distance 464,93±44,63m versus Group HF with 399,58± 32,1m (p=0,005) and group CCC 404±68,24m (p=0,015), both the groups presented difference statistics with regard to Group CRL. In the manovacuometer 54,59±19,98; of the group CCC and 42,11±13,52 of group IC found group CRL presented 81,31±15,25 of the predicted versus, presenting in relation to group CRL. In the POE it observed a major contribution in abdominal compartment in patients with IC if compared like CCC and control groups. On the basis of the questionnaire of quality of life of Minessota, verified a low one groups CCC and IC 43,2±15,2 and 44,4±13,1, respectively (p<0,05) when compared with the control group (19,6±17,31). CONCLUSION: it seems that the patients with CCC possess same functional and respiratory characteristics, observed for the POE, 6MWT, manovacuometer and spirometer to the patients of group HF, being able to consider similar interventions for this complementary group as therapeutical of this neglected disease

Efeitos do tratamento com Hidrogel na cicatrização de úlceras venosas de membros inferiores: revisão sistemática

Chronic venous disease (CVD) is evident among the chronic diseases and affects the elderly population and primarily is responsible for leg ulcers in this population. The use of dressings in the care of a venous ulcer is a fundamental part of the treatment for healing, however, evidence to assist in choosing the best dressing is scarce. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with hydrogel in the healing of venous ulcers using search methods, synthesis of information and statistical research through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials were selected in the following databases: CENTRAL; DARE; NHS EED; MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL. Beyond these databases three websites were consulted to identify ongoing studies: ClinicalTrials.gov, OMS ICTRP e ISRCTN. The primary outcomes were analyzed: complete wound healing, incidence of wound infection and the secondary were: changes in ulcer size, time to ulcer healing, recurrence of ulcer, quality of life of participants, pain and costs of treatment. Four studies are currently included in the review with a total of 250 participants. The use of hydrogel appears to be superior to conventional dressing, gauze soaked in saline, for the healing of venous leg ulcers; 16/30 patients showed complete healing of ulcers (RR 5,33, 95%CI [1,73,16,42]). The alginate gel was shown to be more effective when compared to the hydrogel dressing in reduction of the wound area; 61,2% (± 26,2%) with alginate e 19,4% (± 24,3%) with hydrogel at the end of four weeks of treatment. Manuka honey has shown to be similar to the hydrogel dressings in percentage of area reduction. This review demonstrated that there is no evidence available about the effectiveness of the hydrogel compared to other types of dressings on the healing of venous leg ulcers of the lower limbs, thus demonstrating the need of future studies to assist health professionals in choosing the correct dressing.

Emprego da levomepromazina no bloqueio da arritmia induzida pela adrenalina em cães anestesiados pelo Sevoflurano

Este experimento objetivou estudar o possível efeito antiarritmogênico da levomepromazina em cães anestesiados pelo sevoflurano e submetidos a doses crescentes de adrenalina. Para tal, foram empregados 21 animais adultos, machos e fêmeas, sem raça definida e considerados sadios. Os cães foram separados em dois grupos, sendo um de 11 (G1) e outro de 10 (G2) animais. O G1 recebeu, por via intravenosa, solução salina a 0,9%, na dose de 0,2ml/kg (placebo), seguida 15 minutos após, pela aplicação de tiopental, pela mesma via, na dose suficiente para abolir o reflexo laringotraqueal. Procedeu-se à intubação orotraqueal e iniciou-se a administração de sevoflurano a 2,5V%, em circuito anestésico semi-fechado. Decorridos 20 minutos da indução anestésica, iniciou-se a administração contínua, por via intravenosa, com emprego de bomba de infusão, de solução de adrenalina a 2%, em doses crescentes de 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5m g/kg/min (M1 a M5, respectivamente), com incremento da dose a intervalos de 10 minutos. Para o G2, empregou-se a mesma metodologia substituindo-se o placebo por levomepromazina, na dose de 1mg/kg. Foi tomado o traçado eletrocardiográfico, na derivação D2, a partir da indução da anestesia. Para efeito estatístico, foi considerado o número total de batimentos cardíacos de origem não sinusal, coincidentes com cada dose de adrenalina. Os dados numéricos foram submetidos à Análise de Perfil, quando foi possível constatar que as médias do G1 foram crescentes de M1 a M3, diminuindo a partir deste último, até M5. No G2, foi encontrada arritmia ventricular sustentada apenas em M5. Os achados permitiram concluir que a levomepromazina minimiza a arritmia ventricular sustentada, induzida pela adrenalina em cães anestesiados pelo sevoflurano.

Avaliação de um programa de intervenção de habilidades sociais educativas parentais: um estudo-piloto

Estudos têm apontado relações entre déficits de habilidades sociais educativas de pais e problemas de comportamento de seus filhos. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa visa a descrever os efeitos de um procedimento de intervenção com pais, o qual pretendeu promover suas habilidades sociais educativas. Participaram dois pais e sete mães, que elegeram o filho com o qual descreveram ter maiores dificuldades de relacionamento. Para a avaliação: 1) das dificuldades dos pais, foi utilizada uma entrevista estruturada, e 2) dos procedimentos de intervenção, foram utilizados: a) questionário de habilidades sociais educativas parentais (QHSE-P) e b) inventário de habilidades sociais (IHS-Del Prette). Os resultados das comparações pré e pós-intervenção do IHS-Del Prette mostraram aumento no escore dos grupos; as comparações do QHSE-P apontaram aquisições de diversas habilidades sociais educativas: expressar sentimentos positivos, agradecer elogios, dizer não e negociar limites. Discute-se a necessidade de procedimentos de promoção de habilidades sociais educativas para ampliar o repertório social parental.

A cafeína exerce efeitos positivos sobre a memória tipo episódica em ratos adultos sem influenciar a sobrevivência neural no giro dentado

The caffeine is a mild psychostimulant that has positive cognitive effects at low doses, while promotes detrimental effects on these processes at higher doses. The episodic-like memory can be evaluated in rodents through hippocampus-dependent tasks. The dentate gyrus is a hippocampal subregion in which neurogenesis occurs in adults, and it is believed that this process is related to the function of patterns separation, such as the identification of spatial and temporal patterns when discriminating events. Furthermore, neurogenesis is influenced spatial and contextual learning tasks. Our goal was to evaluate the performance of male Wistar rats in episodic-like tasks after acute or chronic caffeine treatment (15mg/kg or 30mg/kg). Moreover, we assessed the chronic effect of the caffeine treatment, as well as the influence of the hippocampus-dependent learning tasks, on the survival of new-born neurons at the beginning of treatment. For this purpose, we used BrdU to label the new cells generated in the dentate gyrus. Regarding the acute treatment, we found that the saline group presented a tendency to have better spatial and temporal discrimination than caffeine groups. The chronic caffeine group 15 mg/kg (low dose) showed the best discrimination of the temporal aspect of episodic-like memory, whereas the chronic caffeine group 30mg/kg (high dose) was able to discriminate temporal order, only in a condition of greater difficulty. Assessment of neurogenesis using immunohistochemistry for evaluating survival of new-born neurons generated in the dentate gyrus revealed no difference among groups of chronic treatment. Thus, the positive mnemonic effects of the chronic caffeine treatment were not related to neuronal survival. However, another plastic mechanism could explain the positive mnemonic effect, given that there was no improvement in the acute caffeine groups

A Perda Auditiva Induzida pelo Ruído (PAIR) na formação odontológica: conhecimentos e níveis de exposição

The rationalization of work in the Dentistry has been taking the professional to work for ways and systems based in the ergonomics, turning their work efficient and less tiring. Since their academic formation, the dentists surgeons are concerned with the high productivity in clinic and with the final result of the work, neglecting the way as it is executed, which reduce their work capacity and exhibits them to occupational diseases that could be minimized and/or forewarned. This research had as the main objective to investigate the knowledge of the Dentistry academics of Rio Grande do Norte Federal University concerning the Noise-induced Hearing Loss (NIHL), relating them at the noise levels that they are exposed, as well as to the preventive measures taken during the clinical activities. Was observed that 95% of the individuals know that the dentist surgeon is a professional in risk for NIHL. Among the causes of NIHL, the one that obtained the largest frequency citation was the high-speed handpieces, reminded by 92,4% of the academics. Among the students which enumerated protective measures for NIHL, 92% mentioned the use of the ear plugs, although 97% of the researched have told do not use any kind of preventive measure related to the noise. Was also observed that 96% of the academics notice the noise during the clinical attendance, what inconvenience 28,1% of them. Related the noise levels, the high-speed handpieces of the academics presented a medium value of 80,5 dB varying from 72,3 to 88,3 dB. The average of the ambient noise observed at the Integrated Clinic was about 74,8 dB. In spite of the noise levels in this research were observed below the established limits of tolerance by the legislation, they can provoke damages to the Dentistry professionals' health, or that suggests the need of an intervention and use of immediate preventive measures able to generate a healthy atmosphere of work and less risky

Influência da velocidade de avanço do rebolo nos danos de aços endurecidos retificados

A tendência mundial é o aumento da produtividade e da produção de peças cada vez mais sofisticadas, com elevado grau de tolerância geométrica, dimensional, com bom acabamento superficial, com baixo custo. A retificação é responsável pelo acabamento final no processo de usinagem de um material. No entanto, danos gerados nesta fase de produção comprometem todos os recursos utilizados nas fases anteriores. Grande parte dos problemas ocorridos na retificação deve-se à enorme temperatura gerada pelo processo devido às condições de usinagem. Atribui-se à velocidade de avanço, que está diretamente relacionada com a produtividade, os danos ocorridos na retificação, ficando esta variável limitada até valores que não proporcione danos. Neste trabalho, através da variação da velocidade de avanço no processo de retificação cilíndrica externa do aço ABNT D6, racionalizando a aplicação de dois fluidos de corte e usando um rebolo superabrasivo de CBN (nitreto de boro cúbico) com ligante vitrificado, avaliou-se a influência da velocidade de avanço nos danos superficiais de aços endurecidos. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a velocidade de avanço associada a uma eficiente refrigeração e lubrificação, não provocou danos térmicos (queima, trincas, tensões de tração) ao material. Tensões residuais e a rugosidade do material retificado apresentaram uma correlação com as condições de usinagem. O trabalho concluiu ser capaz um aumento dos índices de produtividade sem provocar danos nos componentes retificados.

Qualidade de sono e qualidade de vida em trabalhadores submetidos a diferentes esquemas de trabalho de uma empresa petroquímica

One of the largest problems of the present time resulting from the economic globalization and the modern technology, of the point of view of the biological rhytms of our organism, it is offering services and production of goods available in 24 o'clock, that it demands organized workers in several work schedules besides the hours of the day. Those schedules cause a series of biopsychosocial consequences in the worker's health, in function of circadian, homeostatic and psychosocial alterations. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to accomplish an evaluation of the effects of several works schedules in the pattern of the sleep wake cycle, anxiety, stress and in the health. We counted with a sample of 274 workers subdivided in 49 daytime worker groups and 225 workers in different shift work schedules with different speeds (rotating shift group, slower day shift group, faster day shift group). From the results analysis it is verified irregularities of the daily activities, stress and alterations in the workers' health in all schedules. It was also verified thata the workers thata presented irregularities in the daily activities were the mroe stressed. On the other hand, the shift works were considered more ansious and associated with bad sleep quality. It was verified that the workers with bad sleep quality were those presented larger levels of dispocional anxiety. There was no statistically significant correlation between bad sleep quality and irregular daily lifestyle. However, it can be affirmed thata shift work schendules doesn't are the main determinant for the circadian alterations, but the answers of the individuals to the shifts work; and that the inadequate behavioural strategies to work with the effects of the shift schedules. In conclusion, individual strategies related to the coping of the work in shift (adaptation and tolerance) should be extolled as indispensable tool in the ergonomic evaluation of the work

Diferenças funcionais das regiões hipocampais na formação da memória do tipo o quê", "quando" e "onde" em ratos

Episodic memory refers to the recollection of what, where and when a specific event occurred. Hippocampus is a key structure in this type of memory. Computational models suggest that the dentate gyrus (DG) and the CA3 hippocampal subregions are involved in pattern separation and the rapid acquisition of episodic memories, while CA1 is involved in memory consolidation. However there are few studies with animal models that access simultaneously the aspects ‗what-where-when . Recently, an object recognition episodic-like memory task in rodents was proposed. This task consists of two sample trials and a test phase. In sample trial one, the rat is exposed to four copies of an object. In sample trial two, one hour later, the rat is exposed to four copies of a different object. In the test phase, 1 h later, two copies of each of the objects previously used are presented. One copy of the object used in sample trial one is located in a different place, and therefore it is expected to be the most explored object.However, the short retention delay of the task narrows its applications. This study verifies if this task can be evoked after 24h and whether the pharmacological inactivation of the DG/CA3 and CA1 subregions could differentially impair the acquisition of the task described. Validation of the task with a longer interval (24h) was accomplished (animals showed spatiotemporal object discrimination and scopolamine (1 mg/kg, ip) injected pos-training impaired performance). Afterwards, the GABA agonist muscimol, (0,250 μg/μl; volume = 0,5 μl) or saline were injected in the hippocampal subregions fifteen minutes before training. Pre-training inactivation of the DG/CA3 subregions impaired the spatial discrimination of the objects (‗where ), while the temporal discrimination (‗when ) was preserved. Rats treated with muscimol in the CA1 subregion explored all the objects equally well, irrespective of place or presentation time. Our results corroborate the computational models that postulate a role for DG/CA3 in spatial pattern separation, and a role for CA1 in the consolidation process of different mnemonic episodes

Interações físicas e psicossociais em mulheres com fibromialgia

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a non-inflammatory rheumatic syndrome of unknown etiology, with symptoms of diffuse musculoskeletal pain and presence of specific anatomic sites called tender points. The symptoms are often associated with fatigue, sleep disturbances, morning stiffness, alterations in pain perception, anxiety and depression. Fibromyalgia exhibits a correlation between physical and behavioral symptoms, which have a negative influence on the quality of life of patients. Emotional skills are important factors since they are related to subjective well-being, personal productivity, social interaction and interpersonal relationships. We aim to describe the physical and psychosocial interactions in women with FM, showing the association between perceived social support and affect with symptoms of pain, functionality and mood. We will also describe a body representation of pain in women with FM. Data were collected over 3 years and the sample size ranged between studies. This is an exploratory cross-sectional study conducted with a convenience sample of 63 women with FM and 42 healthy women as a control group (CT), aged 20-76 years, recruited through spontaneous demand at Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL) and the Clinical School of Physiotherapy of Universidade Potiguar (UNP). The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Social Support Scale (MOS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Scale of Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), in addition to pressure algometry were used. For data analysis, we used parametric and non-parametric tests and a general linear model with adjustment variables and analysis of variance. A significant difference was found between pain threshold and tolerance, functionality, depression, anxiety, social support, and positive and negative affect between the groups. Affective states and social support were associated with anxiety, depression and functionality. A body was drawn representing pain with higher incidences in trapeze, supraspinatus and second ribs. The reason for studying sensory aspects, affective behavior and social support in FM patients opens perspectives for scientific and clinical research of this syndrome. Women with chronic pain such as FM appear to have altered mood states, less social support and affective dysfunctions, influencing the other symptoms of the syndrome