Uso do transporte ósseo no tratamento de perda óssea segmentar extensa da tíbia: estudo experimental em cães

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Renal involvement in canine leishmaniasis: a morphological and immunohistochemical study

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação do uso do Hylano GF-20 no pós-operatório de artroscopia de joelho por artrose

O presente estudo avaliou os benefícios do uso do Hylano GF-20 no pós-operatório de artroscopias do joelho para lavagem e desbridamento por artrose.Foram estudados 20 pacientes submetidos à artroscopia em 20 joelhos que apresentavam artrose até grau 3 da classificação com sintomas de dor e bloqueio no referido joelho e não obtiveram melhora ao tratamento conservador, sendo então realizada lavagem associada a desbridamento leve condral e meniscal de acordo com a necessidade de cada caso.Os pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos sendo que em um dos grupos foi feita apenas a artroscopia e noutro grupo artroscopia associada ao uso de 3 infiltrações realizadas semanalmente de Hylano GF-20.Os pacientes foram avaliados nas variáveis dor em repouso noturna, dor durante movimento com sobrecarga de 10% do peso corporal, dor durante o movimento mais doloroso do joelho afetado com escala visual e a variável quantidade diária de diclofenaco potássico ingerida para alívio da dor no joelho afetado. Os resultados estatísticos mostraram melhora significativa em todas as variáveis estudadas nos pacientes do grupo submetidos ao uso de infiltrações com o Hylano GF-20 no pós-operatório de artroscopias do joelho por artrose no período de 6 meses.

Ramificação e distribuição do tronco pulmonar em relação aos brônquios, em fetos de bovinos azebuados

Mediante esta pesquisa, estudamos a ramificação e a distribuição das artérias pulmonares em 20 fetos de bovinos azebuados (13 machos e 7 fêmeas), com idades variando entre 6 e 9 meses. As peças foram fixadas em solução aquosa de formol a 10%, e o método de dissecação consistiu da abertura da cavidade torácica desses animais, com vistas à individualização dos vasos arteriais e brônquios. da artéria pulmonar direita observou-se que, mais comumente, 15 vezes (75%), parte como primeiro colateral o ramo ascendente, seguido do ramo descendente que acompanham os dois brônquios segmentares do brônquio traqueal, os quais irrigam, respectivamente, a porção cranial e caudal do lobo cranial do pulmão. Logo após este arranjo, surgem o ramo lobar acessório e em seguida o ramo lobar médio. O ramo lobar acessório pode emergir duas vezes (10%) depois do ramo lobar médio ou na mesma altura dele, cinco vezes (25%). Uma única vez (5%) aparecem dois ramos lobares médios. em cinco preparações (25%), os dois primeiros ramos da artéria pulmonar direita são vistos a nascer em tronco comum, o ramo lobar cranial. da artéria pulmonar esquerda nascem mais freqüentemente 18 vezes (90%) como 1º e 2º colaterais os ramos ascendente e descendente, e respectivamente duas vezes (10%) estes ramos provêm de um único colateral, o ramo lobar cranial. em cada lobo caudal (direito e esquerdo), penetra um ramo lobar caudal (direito e esquerdo) que emite número bastante variado de ramos arteriais (6 a 14) do lado direito e (7 a 16) do lado esquerdo.

Paulista registry of glomerulonephritis: 5-year data report

Background. The Paulista Registry of Glomerulopathies was created in May 1999 and comprises several centres of São Paulo, the most populous Brazilian State, that concentrates people from all regions of the country who look for health care.Methods. This report includes data from 2086 patients from Brazil submitted to renal biopsy due to the presumed diagnosis of glomerular diseases, registered prospectively since May 1999 until January 2005. Data were collected by the integrants of the 11 centres involved, utilizing a standardized questionnaire.Results. The mean age of the patients was 34.5 +/- 14.6 years. Primary glomerular diseases were more frequent in males (55.1%) than in females; on the other hand, secondary glomerular diseases were more frequent in females (71.8%). The most common clinical presentation was nephrotic syndrome and the frequency of hypertension, at this time, was 55.5%. There was a predominance of indication of biopsies in the third, fourth and fifth decades of life. The most common primary glomerular diseases were focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (29.7%), followed by membranous nephropathy (20.7%), IgA nephropathy (17.8%), minimal change disease (9.1%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (7%), crescentic glomerulonephritis (4.1%), advanced chronic glomerulopathy (4%), non-IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis (3.8%), diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (2.5%), focal segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis (1%) and others (0.3%). The most frequent secondary glomerular disease was lupus nephritis, corresponding to 66.2% of the cases, followed by post-infectious glomerulonephritis (12.5%), diabetic nephropathy (6.2%), diseases associated to paraproteinaemia (4.9%), hereditary diseases (4.6%), vasculitis (3.2%), malignancies (0.9.%), secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (0.6%) and others (0.9%).Conclusion. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the most frequent primary glomerular disease, followed by membranous nephropathy and IgA nephropathy. Lupus nephritis predominated over all the other secondary glomerular diseases.

NMR study of ion-conducting organic-inorganic nanocomposites poly(ethylene glycol) - Silica - LiClO4

Hybrid organic-inorganic ionic conductors, also called ormolytes, were obtained by dissolution of LiClO4 into silica/poly(ethylene glycol) matrices. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to probe the inorganic phase structure (Si-29) and the effects of the temperature and composition on the dynamic behavior of the ionic species (Li-7) and the polymer chains (H-1 and C-13). The NMR results between -100 and +90 degrees C show a strong correlation with ionic conductivity and differential scanning calorimetry experiments. The results also demonstrate that the cation mobility is assisted by segmental motion of the polymer, which is in agreement with the results previously reported for pure poly(ethylene oxide), PEG, electrolytes.

Remote sensing techniques applied to slope failure analysis

The paper evaluates the applicability of products of remote sensing in studies related to the structural conditionings of slope stability in saprolites, usually conducted through field surveys. In this article we use a regional approach concentrating on an area of lane duplication of a major highway. In that area, resistance reduction to stress and the low cohesions of muscovite saprolites - schists and gneiss which are associated to geological discontinuities, all result in inumerous instabilities. The joints and foliations were extracted from satellite images as well as aerial photographs. Following that, the study area was divided into various sectors based on the directions and dips of the foliation. Different relationships between the structures and the slopes were analyzed in order to indicate the most feasible type of slope failure in each sector of analysis. The aim of the study is to subsidize further detailed future research.

Espinha bífida e mielodisplasia em ruminantes: Relato de caso

Spina bifida with mielodysplasia are described in calf and lamb in this report. Locomotor abnormalities in the pelvic limbs and vertebral malformation were found in both animals, and arthrogryposis was also present in the calf. The mielodysplasia was very similar in these animals, and both were characterized by non separation of ventral and dorsal horns, areas with medular canal duplication and syringomyelia. No cases of spina bifida was previously described in Brazil.

Simulação numérica de trocadores de calor multitubulares equipados com fitas helicoidais externamente aos tubos

Classical shell-and-tube heat exchangers are usually equipped with segmental baffles. These baffles serve two basic functions: (a) they provide tube supports, thereby preventing or reducing mechanical problems, such as sagging or vibration; (b) they direct the fluid flow over the tubes so as to introduce a cross-flow component, thereby increasing the heat transfer. Segmented baffles have several sources of performance loss, some due to various leakage flows and others caused by stagnation zones. A new concept of longitudinal flow heat exchanger - based on placing twisted tapes along the tube bundle subchannels - was developed to mitigate drawbacks of other types of tubular heat exchangers. In this paper, a numerical model has been implemented in order to simulate the thermal-hydraulic feature of tubular heat exchangers equipped either with segmental baffles or with subchannel twisted tapes. The tube bundle has been described by means of an equivalent porous medium type model, allowing a macroscopic description of the shell-side flow. The basic equations - continuity, momentum and energy - have been solved by using the finite volume method. Typical numerical results have been compared with experimental data, reaching a very good agreement. A comparative analysis of different types of heat exchangers has been carried out, revealing the satisfactory thermal-hydraulic efficiency level of the twisted tapes heat exchangers.

Effect of allopurinol in the course of adriamycin induced nephropathy

The role of superoxide in adriamycin-induced nephropathy (single dose; i.v. 3 mg/kg) has been studied by blocking superoxide synthesis through the administration of allopurinol (500 mg/L in drinking water). In Experiment I (EI), allopurinol administration was started 3 days prior to nephropathy induction and continued until day 14. In Experiment II (EII) allopurinol administration was started 2 weeks after nephropathy induction and was maintained until the end of the experiment (26 weeks). Affected glomeruli frequency and tubulointerstitial lesion index (TILI) were determined at Weeks 2 and 4 (EI) and Week 26 (EII). In EI, and 24 h mean proteinuria in the nephrotic control group (NCG-I) differed from that of the treated nephrotic group (TNG-I) at Week 1 (TNG = 33.3 ± 6.39 mg/24 h; NCG = 59.8 ± 6.3 mg/24 h; p < 0.05) and 2 (NCG-I = 80.0 ± 17.5 mg/24h; TNG-I = 49.1 ± 8.4 mg/24 h; p < 0.05). No glomerular alterations were observed and TILI medians were not different in both nephrotic groups at week 2 (NCG-I = 1+: TNG = 1+) and 4 (NCG = 4+; TNG = 4+). In EII, NCG-II and TNG-II presented different 24 h proteinuria values only at Week 6, (136.91 ± 22.23 mg/24 h ad 72.66 ± 10.72 mg/24 h, respectively; p < 0.05). Between nephrotic groups, there was no statistical difference in the median of affected glomeruli (CNG-II = 56%; TNG-II = 48% and TILI (NCG-II = 8+; TNG-II = 9+). Thus, allopurinol was associated with a transient reduction in proteinuria and it did not alter the progression of the nephropathy.

Solid-state NMR, ionic conductivity, and thermal studies of lithium-doped siloxane-poly(propylene glycol) organic-inorganic nanocomposites

Hybrid organic-inorganic ionic conductors, also called ormolytes (organically modified electrolytes), were obtained by dissolution of LiClO 4 in siloxane-poly(propylene glycol) matrixes. The dynamic features of these nanocomposites were studied and correlated to their electrical properties. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to probe the effects of the temperature and nanocomposite composition on the dynamic behaviors of both the ionic species ( 7Li) and the polymer chains ( 13C). NMR, dc ionic conductivity, and DSC results demonstrate that the Li + mobility is strongly assisted by the segmental motion of the polymer chain above its glass transition temperature. The ac ionic conductivity in such composites is explained by use of the random free energy barrier (RFEB) model, which is agreement with their disordered and heterogenous structures. These solid ormolytes are transparent and flexible, and they exhibit good ionic conductivity at room temperature (up to 10 -4 S/cm). Consequently, they are very promising candidates for use in several applications such as batteries, sensors, and electrochromic and photoelectro-chemical devices.

Transposon Tn1721 distribution among strains of Xylella fastidiosa

Transposons are mobile genetic elements found within the genomes of various organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Fragments of the transposon Tn1721 were found included in the genome of Xylella fastidiosa strain 9a5c. Regions from such fragments were PCR-amplified using specially designed primers (TNP1 and TNP2). In order to detect insertions of the Tn1721 element, both primers were used and one of them included a region of the transposon (TNP1) and the other one had the right repeat and part of the bacterial chromosome (TNP2). The PCR products obtained from strain 9a5c were used as a pattern for fragment size comparisons when DNA samples from other X. fastidiosa strains were used as template for the PCR assays. Differences were observed concerning the PCR products of such amplifications when some X. fastidiosa strains isolated from grapevine and plum were used. For the citrus-derived strains only the strains U187d and GP920b produced fragments with different sizes or weak band intensity. Such variations in the X. fastidiosa genome related to disrupted Tn1721 copies are probably due to the possibility of such a transposon element being still able to duplicate even after deletion events might have taken place and also because the bacterial strains in which the main differences were detected are derived from different host plants cultivated under different climate conditions from the one used as reference. © 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Tetrasomy 15Q11-Q13 identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization in a patient with autistic disorder

We report a female child with tetrasomy of the 15q11-q13 chromosomal region, and autistic disorder associated with mental retardation, developmental problems and behavioral disorders. Combining classical and molecular cytogenetic approaches by fluorescence in situ hybridization technique, the karyotype was demonstrated as 47,XX,+mar.ish der(15)(D15Z1++,D15S11++,GABRB3++,PML-). Duplication of the 15q proximal segment represents the most consistent chromosomal abnormality reported in association with autism. The contribution of the GABA receptor subunit genes, and other genes mapped to this region, to the clinical symptoms of the disease is discussed.

Systemic hypertension in patients with glomerulonephritis

Although systemic hypertension is very common in patients with glomerulonephritis there is a dispute if this alteration is consequence of the glomerulonephritis per se or is a consequence of the renal failure secondary to the glomerular lesion. With the aim to analyze the factors associated with systemic hypertension, 196 patients with different forms of nephritis were studied. The systemic arterial pressure was measured by standard sphygmomanometer, renal function was evaluated by the determination of the serum creatinine concentration or creatinine clearance. The diagnosis of the type of glomerulonephritis was made on the basis of an examination of kidney biopsy specimens. The prevalence of arterial hypertension among patients with glomerulonephritis was 62.7%. The hypertensive patients were older (hypertensive = 30.6 ± 12.8; normotensive = 25.4 ± 1.6 years; P = 0.03). The prevalence of arterial hypertension was lower in patients with minimal glomerular lesion (12.5%), though their ages were also lower (18.1 ± 3.6 and 29.1 ± 1.03 years; P = 0.03). Arterial hypertension did not correlate with the serum levels of creatinine and albumin; creatinine clearance and 24-h proteinuria. In conclusion: In the patients with glomerulonephritis, the presence of arterial hypertension was associated with a higher mean age whereas the intensity of proteinuria, the level of renal function or the type of glomerulonephritis was not different between the two groups.

Fenda cervical mediana

The midline cervical cleft is an unusual congenital anomaly of the ventral neck and fewer than 100 cases have been reported overall and the first described by Bailey in 1924. This anomaly is report in association with median cleft of lower lip, cleft mandible and tongue, and hypoplasia of other midline neck structures. Its considered an anomaly originated from the two first branchial arches. The treatment of this cleft is a vertical complete excision and a closure with multiple Z-plasty. Many authors recommend avoid linear closure and prefer multiple Z-plasty for evicted fibrosis and local retraction. In this paper we report 2 case of this anomaly and the literature is reviewed.