Ion kinetic transport in TJ-II

The ion Drift Kinetic Equation (DKE) which describes the ion coUisional transport is solved for the TJ-II device plasmas. This non-linear equation is computed by peribrming a mean field iterative calculation. In each step of the calculation, a Fokker-Planck equation is solved by means of the Langevin approach: one million particles are followed in a realistic TJ-II magnetic configuration, taking into account collisions and electric field. This allows to avoid the assumptions made in the usual neoclassical approach, namely considering radially narrow particle trajectories, diffusive transport, energy conservation and infinite parallel transport. As a consequence, global features of transport, not present in the customary neoclassical models, appear: non-diffusive transport and asymmetries on the magnetic surfaces.

Estudo cinético da lixiviação de metais de placas de circuito impresso obsoletas.

O processo tradicional de recuperação de metais de resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos (REEE) geralmente envolve processamento pirometalúrgico. Entretanto, o uso desta tecnologia para processar placas de circuito impresso (PCI) obsoletas pode levar à liberação de dioxinas e furanos, devido à decomposição térmica de retardantes de chama e resinas poliméricas presentes no substrato das placas. Portanto, este trabalho propõe uma rota hidrometalúrgica para recuperação de metais. O comportamento dos metais, com destaque para cobre, zinco e níquel, durante a lixiviação ácida, foi estudado em três temperaturas diferentes (35ºC, 65ºC e 75ºC), com e sem adição de um agente oxidante (peróxido de hidrogênio H2O2). A cinética de dissolução ácida desses metais foi estudada baseada na análise química por ICP-OES (Espectrometria de emissão ótica por plasma acoplado indutivamente) e EDX (Espectroscopia de fluorescência de raios-X por energia dispersiva). O balanço de massa e a análise química indicaram que a etapa de lixiviação sem adição de oxidante é pouco eficaz na extração dos metais, sendo responsável pela dissolução de menos do que 6% do total extraído. A 65ºC e H2SO4 1 mol/L, com adição de 5 mL de H2O2 (30%) a cada quinze minutos e densidade de polpa de 1 g / 10 mL, 98,1% do cobre, 99,9% do zinco e 99,0% do níquel foram extraídos após 4 horas. A cinética de dissolução desses metais é controlada pela etapa da reação química, seguindo, dependendo da temperatura, a equação 1 (1 XB)1/3 = k1.t ou a equação ln (1 XB) = k4.t.

Kinetic study of thermal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides using differential scanning calorimetry as monitoring window

Kinetics of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition involving azomethine ylides, generated from thermal [1,2]-prototropy of the corresponding imino ester, employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), is surveyed. Glycine and phenylalanine derived imino esters have different behavior. The first one prefers reacting with itself at 75 ºC, rather than with the dipolarophile. However, the α-substituted imino ester gives the cycloadduct at higher temperatures. The thermal dynamic analysis by 1H NMR of the neat reaction mixture of the glycine derivative reveals the presence of signals corresponding to the dipole in very small proportion. The non-isothermal and isothermal DSC curves of the cycloaddition of phenylalaninate and diisobutyl fumarate are obtained from freshly prepared samples. The application of known kinetic models and mathematical multiple non-linear regressions (NLR) allow to determine and to compare Ea, lnA, reaction orders, and reaction enthalpy. Finally a rate equation for each different temperature can be established for this particular thermal cycloaddition.

Kinetic study of the decompositions involved in the thermal degradation of commercial azodicarbonamide

The transitions and reactions involved in the thermal treatment of several commercial azodicarbonamides (ADC) in an inert atmosphere have been studied by dynamic thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A pseudo-mechanistic model, involving several competitive and non-competitive reactions, has been suggested and applied to the correlation of the weight loss data. The model applied is capable of accurately representing the different processes involved, and can be of great interest in the understanding and quantification of such phenomena, including the simulation of the instantaneous amount of gases evolved in a foaming process. In addition, a brief discussion on the methodology related to the mathematical modeling of TGA data is presented, taking into account the complex thermal behaviour of the ADC.

Kinetic Analysis and Pollutant Evolution During Thermal Degradation of Printed Circuit Boards Considering the Effect of Metals

Paper submitted to the 7th International Symposium on Feedstock Recycling of Polymeric Materials (7th ISFR 2013), New Delhi, India, 23-26 October 2013.

Kinetic Model for Micro Algae Cell Concentration and Size Distribution: Application to Nannochloropsis gaditana

The cell concentration and size distribution of the microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana were studied over the whole growth process. Various samples were taken during the light and dark periods the algae were exposed to. The distributions obtained exhibited positive skew, and no change in the type of distribution was observed during the growth process. The size distribution shifted to lower diameters in dark periods while in light periods the opposite occurred. The overall trend during the growth process was one where the size distribution shifted to larger cell diameters, with differences between initial and final distributions of individual cycles becoming smaller. A model based on the Logistic model for cell concentration as a function of time in the dark period that also takes into account cell respiration and growth processes during dark and light periods, respectively, was proposed and successfully applied. This model provides a picture that is closer to the real growth and evolution of cultures, and reveals a clear effect of light and dark periods on the different ways in which cell concentration and diameter evolve with time.

Kinetic study and thermal decomposition behavior of viscoelastic memory foam

A systematic investigation of the thermal decomposition of viscoelastic memory foam (VMF) was performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to obtain the kinetic parameters, and thermogravimetric analysis coupled to Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectrometry (TGA-FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis coupled to Mass Spectrometry (TGA-MS) to obtain detailed information of evolved products on pyrolysis and oxidative degradations. Two consecutive nth-order reactions were employed to correlate the experimental data from dynamic and isothermal runs performed at three different heating rates (5, 10 and 20 K/min) under an inert atmosphere. On the other hand, for the kinetic study of the oxidative decomposition, the data from combustion (synthetic air) and poor oxygen combustion (N2:O2 = 9:1) runs, at three heating rates and under dynamic and isothermal conditions, were correlated simultaneously. A kinetic model consisting of three consecutive reactions presented a really good correlation in all runs. TGA-FTIR analysis showed that the main gases released during the pyrolysis of VMF were determined as ether and aliphatic hydrocarbons, whereas in combustion apart from the previous gases, aldehydes, amines and CO2 have also been detected as the main gases. These results were confirmed by the TGA-MS.

Dissolution of partnership with Charles Turner, 1808

This folder contains two handwritten documents, dated January 27, 1808, and April 22, 1808, related to the dissolution of the partnership between William Croswell and Charles Turner.

Three-Dimensional kinetic adaptations of gait throughout pregnancy and postpartum

Biomechanical adaptations that occur during pregnancy can lead to changes on gait pattern. Nevertheless, these adaptations of gait are still not fully understood. The purpose was to determine the effect of pregnancy on the biomechanical pattern of walking, regarding the kinetic parameters. A three-dimensional analysis was performed in eleven participants. The kinetic parameters in the joints of the lower limb during gait were compared at the end of the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy and in the postpartum period, in healthy pregnant women. The main results showed a reduction in the normalized vertical reaction forces, throughout pregnancy, particularly the third peak. Pregnant women showed, during most of the stance phase, medial reaction forces as a motor response to promote the body stability. Bilateral changes were observed in hip joint, with a decrease in the participation of the hip extensors and in the eccentric contraction of hip flexors. In ankle joint a decrease in the participation of ankle plantar flexors was found. In conclusion, the overall results point to biomechanical adjustments that showed a decrease of the mechanical load of women throughout pregnancy, with exception for few unilateral changes of hip joint moments.