989 resultados para invasive strategy.
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232 p.
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A series of benzothiazole-containing fluorene molecules have been designed and their one- and two-photon absorption properties have been investigated theoretically by using the ZINDO method. The effects of electron-excessive/deficient heterocyclic bridges as auxiliary donors (auxD)/acceptors (auxA) on TPA cross-sections were studied. The results show that the molecules with D-pi-auxA-A, D-aux D-pi-A, or D-auxD-pi-auxA-A structure types have large TPA cross-section, which can be a valuable strategy in the design of two-photon absorption materials. Also, a linear relationship between the first hyperpolarizability and the TPA cross-section is observed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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In the early 20th century, a blue mussel species from the Mediterranean invaded the California coast and subsequently out-competed the native species south of Monterey Bay. Like other invasive species, Mytilus galloprovincialis has physiological traits that make it successful in habitats formerly occupied by the native M. trossulus, namely its adaptation to warm sea surface temperatures. This study looks at the current genotype distributions and enzymatic activities of field-acclimatized mussels within the hybrid zone where the species co-occur as well as mussels that have been acclimated for four weeks to different temperature and salinity conditions. In the field-acclimatized and laboratory-acclimated mussels, the native species exhibited significantly higher enzyme rates, which may reflect an evolutionary adaptation to compensate to low habitat temperatures. Indeed, the results of the laboratory acclimation indicate that these differences are genetically based. Whether an acclimation capacity exists may require even longer-term acclimation to different temperatures. Current findings suggest that the further spread of the invasive species is likely to be governed in large measure by the potentially counteracting effects of rising temperatures, which would favor the northerly spread of M. galloprovincialis, and increased winter precipitation, which would favor the persistence of M. trossulus. However, the success of M. galloprovincialis during acclimation to ‘dilute’ salinity (25 ppt) suggests that the invasive species can tolerate a greater salinity range than previously thought. Thus, further investigation is needed to build a comprehensive predictive model of the movement of M. galloprovincialis and the hybrid zone along the California coast.
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Atualmente, com o aumento no número de estudos sobre invasões biológicas,
sabemos como ocorre o processo, suas causas e conseqüências. A prevenção
ainda é a melhor maneira de limitar e diminuir o aumento no número de problemas
associados às espécies exóticas e invasoras biológicas. A jaqueira, Artocarpus
heterophyllus Lamk. (Moraceae), é uma espécie exótica invasora que foi introduzida
no Brasil no período colonial. A principal estratégia de controle de A. heterophyllus
tem sido o método mecânico conhecido como anelamento e o arranque de plântulas.
Utilizando o Manual da TNC para Controle de Espécies Invasoras, este estudo
objetivou propor um novo método de controle da jaqueira, e caracterizar a estrutura
populacional da espécie. O estudo foi conduzido na Ilha Grande, localizada no
município de Angra dos Reis, RJ, que é coberta por Mata Atlântica em diferentes
estágios sucessionais. Testou-se um novo método químico que consistiu na injeção
de herbicida Garlon diluído a 4% no tronco de árvores com DAP>15 cm. Ao todo
684 indivíduos distribuídos em 10 parcelas medindo 0,64 ha cada foram
encontrados. A densidade media encontrada foi de 107 ind. / ha, com densidades
variando entre 3340 ind. / ha, na classe Juvenis 1 (DAP < 5 cm) a 13 ind / ha na
classe Adltos 2 (20.1