736 resultados para daninha


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Beans grain productivity may be reduced by up to 80% and, therefore, knowing the proper time to control weeds becomes fundamental, his research was conducted in order to determine the period prior to interference (PPI) on bean cultivars of different types'plant growth through distinct approaches: arbitrary level of 5% productivity loss; tolerance level (TL), and the Weed Period Prior to Economic Loss (WEEPPEL). Experimental treatments were constituted of ten periods of coexistence, periods of the crop with the weeds: 0-7; 0-14; 0-21; 0-28; 0-35; 0-42; 0-49; 0-56; 0-97 (harvesting) days after emergency (DAE), and a control plot, weed free for the entire period. The experimental design was of the Random Block Design, with four replications. PPI was obtained in all of the different approaches, and the bean plant type II with indeterminate growth had the lowest times of coexistence.

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This study aimed to evaluate soil cover and the suppressive effect on weeds by different cover crops at different seed densities. The experiments were set up in Votuporanga, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil and in Selviria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in March 2008, after conventional tillage. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications, using the following cover crops at different seed densities per hectare: Sorghum bicolor: 6, 7 and 8 kg ha(-1), Pennisetum americanum, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha(-1), Sorghum sudanense, 12, 15 and 18 kg ha(-1), hybrid of Sorghum bicolor with Sorghum sudanense: 8, 9 and 10 kg ha(-1), Urochloa ruziziensis: 8, 12 and 16 kg ha(-1). A control treatment with spontaneous vegetation was used. Soybean was sown after the management of cover crops. Dry matter and weed density were evaluated at cutting/harvesting of cover crops. In Votuporanga, another assessment of weed plants was made at 35 days after soybean had been sown. The ground cover provided by cover crops was assessed at the time of desiccation and flowering of soybeans. It was concluded that U. ruziziensis and S. sudanense reduced weed infestations by more than 90% and kept ground cover above 80% by the time of flowering of soybean.

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This study aimed to evaluate feed preference and control efficacy of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on the aquatic macrophytes Ceratophyllum demersum, Egeria densa and Egeria najas. An experiment was carried out at mesocosms conditions with 2,000 liters capacity and water residence time of 2.8 days. C. demersum, E. densa e E. najas biomasses were offered individually with sixty g and coupled in similar quantities of 30 g of each species, evaluated during 81 days, envolving 6 treatments. (1 - C. demersum, 2 - E. najas, 3 - E. densa, 4 - C. demersum + E. najas, 5 - C. demersum + E. densa and 6 - E. najas + E. densa). When offered individually, E. najas and C. demersum presented the same predation rate by grass carp, which was higher than E. densa predation rate. When plants were tested in pairs, the order of feed preference was C. demersum > E. najas > E. densa. E. najas and C. demersum percentage control ranged from 73 to 83%. No relation between biomass consumption and grass carp body weight gain was observed, probably due to differences in nutritional quality among macrophyte species according to fish necessities. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of grass carp is one excellent technique to control submersed macrophytes in Brazil.

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Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a ponta XR na deposição da calda de pulverização com diferentes combinações de plantas de feijão, Brachiaria plantaginea e Bidens pilosa, em dois volumes de aplicação, com e sem a adição de surfatante Silwet. Foi utilizado como traçador o corante Azul Brilhante FDC -1 na concentração de 500 ppm para quantificar a deposição. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de sete combinações de plantas: (feijão), (B. plantaginea), (B. pilosa), (feijão + B. plantaginea), (feijão + B. pilosa), (B. plantaginea + B. pilosa) e (feijão + B. plantaginea + B. pilosa). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado. Foram avaliadas as pontas de jato plano XR 110015 VS e XR 11002 VS com volumes de aplicação de 150 e 200 L ha-1, respectivamente, com e sem a presença do Silwet a 0,05% v v-1. Após a aplicação, as plantas foram imediatamente coletadas e, em seguida, lavadas em 100 mL de água destilada, para posterior quantificação do traçador em espectrofotômetro. As pontas XR apresentaram comportamento distinto na deposição das gotas de pulverização nas espécies estudadas; a adição de um surfatante à calda de pulverização aumentou a uniformidade da deposição nos alvos e contribuiu para a redução do volume de aplicação.

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Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de extratos de quatro espécies de adubos verdes (Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrimae Sorghum bicolor cv. AG 2005) sobre a germinação de sementes e o crescimento inicial de plântulas deLactuca sativa e de Digitaria horizontalis. Foram realizados dois experimentos: no primeiro, avaliou-se a aplicação das soluções diluídas a 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% e10% de extratos aquosos da parte aérea e das raízes das espécies de adubos verdes sobre a germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e o comprimento radicular de L. sativa; no segundo, avaliou-se a incorporação ao solo de 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 g dm-3 da biomassa dos adubos verdes sobre o acúmulo de massa seca (parte aérea e raízes) e o desenvolvimento radicular de plântulas de L. sativa e de D. horizontalis. Concluiu-se que os extratos aquosos das espécies C. ensiformis, C. spectabilis, M. aterrima e S. bicolor cv. AG 2005 promoveram efeitos negativos sobre a germinação e o IVG das sementes de L. sativa. A incorporação ao solo da biomassa dessas espécies de adubos verdes influenciou negativamente no desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas de L. sativa. Entretanto, verificou-se efeito positivo sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de D. horizontalis com a incorporação ao solo da biomassa de C. spectabilis.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The objective was to evaluate the influence of intervals without rain after the application of mixtures of carfentrazone-ethyl and glyphosate in the effectiveness of control on Commelina benghalensis. The experimental design was completely randomized with 11 treatments, with two rates of the mixture carfentrazone + glyphosate, 30 + 960 (with sequential application at 21 DAA of the mixture 20 + 960 g ha-1) and 50 + 960 g ha-1 of a.i. and five intervals of precipitation 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after application (HAA), with four repetitions, being an absolute check. The mixture was applied in post-emergence, then was carried out simulations of rain in the predetermined intervals. Were assessed the effectiveness of visual control (0 to 100 %) at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 DAA. The results were compared by t test, with 10 % level of probability. It was observed that the application of the herbicides carfentrazone + glyphosate in the evaluated rates and even in the sequential application did not have control of C. benghalensis. The results with the second application are greater than the single application, and the best absorption of the mixture carfentrazone + glyphosate by C. benghalensis when there is a bigger interval between application and rainfall occurrence, and is necessary a minimum interval of 6 HAA for intermediate control of C. benghalensis.

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A interferência causada pelas plantas daninhas pode reduzir em até 80% a produtividade de grãos do feijão quando não manejadas de forma correta. Portanto, a decisão sobre o momento de controlá-las é um dos principais aspectos do manejo integrado. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar o período anterior à interferência das plantas daninhas (PAI) em cultivares de feijão com diferentes tipos de hábitos de crescimento. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos experimentais foram constituídos de dez períodos de convivência da cultura com as plantas daninhas: 0-7, 0-14, 0-21, 0-28, 0-35, 0-42, 0-49, 0-56, 0-97 (colheita) dias após a emergência (DAE) e mais uma testemunha sem convívio com as plantas daninhas. O PAI foi determinado por meio de distintas abordagens: o nível arbitrário de 5% de perda na produtividade, o nível de tolerância (NT) e o de dano no rendimento econômico (PADRE). O PAI obtido foi diferente em todas as abordagens, e os feijoeiros de crescimento indeterminado tipo II apresentaram os menores tempos de convivência.

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Auxyn type herbicides such as dicamba and 2,4-D are alternative herbicides that can be used to control glyphosate-resistant hairy fleabane. With the forthcoming possibility of releasing dicamba-resistant and 2,4-D-resistant crops, use of these growth regulator herbicides will likely be an alternative that can be applied to the control of glyphosate resistant hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis). The objective of this research was to model the efficacy, through dose-response curves, of glyphosate, 2,4-D, isolated dicamba and glyphosate-dicamba combinations to control a brazilian hairy fleabane population resistant to glyphosate. The greenhouse dose-response studies were conducted as a completely randomized experimental design, and the rates used for dose response curve construction were 0, 120, 240, 480, 720 and 960 ga.i. ha(-1) for 2,4-D, dicamba and the dicamba combination, with glyphosate at 540 g a. e. ha(-1). The rates for glyphosate alone were 0, 180, 360, 540, 720 and 960 g a. e. ha(-1). Herbicides were applied when the plants were in a vegetative stage with 10 to 12 leaves and height between 12 and 15 cm. Hairy fleabane had low sensitivity to glyphosate, with poor control even at the 960 g a. e. ha(-1) rate. Dicamba and 2,4-D were effective in controlling the studied hairy fleabane. Hairy fleabane responds differently to 2,4-D and dicamba. The combination of glyphosate and dicamba was not antagonistic to hairy fleabane control, and glyphosate may cause an additive effect on the control, despite the population resistance.