Efeitos nutricionais da substituição parcial do farelo de soja por uréia, em dieta de ovinos. Comparação da digestibilidade aparente e balanço de nitrogênio com a cinética do metabolismo da 15N-glicina

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Concentração, proporção molar e taxa de produção de ácidos graxos voláteis (AGV) no rúmen de bovinos alimentados com diferentes níveis de concentrado na dieta

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeitos da densidade populacional e da energia da dieta sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding three levels of energy (2800, 3000 and 3200 kcal ME/kg) in diets and two stocking densities (10 and 22 birds/m 2) on broilers performance. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with four replication per treatment. The factors studied were levels of energy in the diet, population density, and sex. The birds were killed at 42 days of age. The data indicate that increasing energy levels in the diets of broilers, 1 to 42 days of age, reduced feed intake, improved feed conversion, and increased the amount of abdominal fat, energy intake, and weight gain without affecting carcass yield. There was no significant effect of diet on the live weight production of broilers produced per area of floorspace or on mortality. The higher values for carcass yield were obtained for birds raised under the higher population density and for males in comparison to females. With the exception of the undesirable elevation in the amount of abdominal fat, the increase in the level of energy in the diets resulted, in general, in an improvement in the performance of the broilers independent of the population density. However, the response to the amount of energy in the diet was similar for both population densities.

Torta de dendê em dieta para a tilápia-do-nilo: Desempenho produtivo

To evaluate the nutritional value of African palm kernel meal (Elaeis guineensis) on the performance of Nile tilapia (Oseochromis niloticus), five isonitrogenous (30% crude protein), isoenergetic (2,800 Kcal/kg of digestible energy), and isofibrous (10% crude fiber) diets, with increasing levels of African palm kernel meal (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35%) were fed ad libitum for 18 weeks to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings, averaging 1.52 ± 0.04 g of body weight, housed for 120 days in 60 liter aquaria with six fingerlings. To determine the production traits, weight gain, apparent food conversion, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, weight gain percentage, net protein utilization, and body composition, fish were weighted at six-week intervals. Statistical analysis of recorded data were performed through multivariate profile analysis and polynomial regression models. Results showed that feeding fingerling Nile tilapia with ratios containing up to 35% of African palm kernel meal does not affect production performance.

Efeito do Nível de Energia da Dieta e da Exposição Prévia ao Calor sobre a Respiração Mitocondrial do Músculo Cardíaco de Frangos de Corte

This work was conducted aiming to evaluate the effect of dietary energy level and the previous heat exposure on the respiratory activity of the mitochondria from the cardiac muscle of broiler chickens. It was used broiler chickens (Hubbard) from both sexes and fed with diet containing 2900 kcal ME/kg or 3200 kcal ME/kg. The birds were heat stressed (35°C/4h) in the 1 st, 21 st and 42 nd days of age. The respiratory activity of mitochondria from cardiac muscle was evaluated in a Gilson oxygraph, model 5/6, by using alpha-ceto-glutaric as substrate and the ADP (adenosine-di-phosphate) to stimulate the respiratory activity. There was not effect of dietary energy level and previous heat exposure on the respiratory activity of the mitochondria from cardiac muscle. However, the females presented higher respiratory activity than males. By reason of the low oxidative capability of the heart muscle fiber of the male broiler chickens, these could be more sensitive to cardiac disease than females.

Efeito do nível de energia metabolizável da dieta no desempenho e metabolismo energético de frangos de corte

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fator de crescimento derivado de plaquetas humanas obtido por uma metodologia rápida e de baixo custo

Human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was purified from lysates of clinically outdated human platelets by ionic exchange chromatography in CM-Sepharose. The eluated fraction was submitted to the Immunoblot/Slot Blot assay using anti-PDGF-AA and anti-PDGF-BB polyclonal antibodies and was evaluated as to its biological activity through the test of [H 3]-thymidine incorporation in NIH/3T3 cell line fibroblasts in culture. The Immunoblot/Slot Blot assay using anti-PDGF-AA and anti-PDGF-BB antibodies proved the presence of the PDGF in chromatographic cationic fraction. The comparison of biological activities between fiblobrast stimulation assay using recombinant PDGF-AB and partially purified PDGF was demonstrated in 165.796 and 157.567 cpm, respectively. This result, proved the potent mitogenic effect of partially purified PDGF and consequently their evidence about the wound healing activity.

Fatores intrínsecos do custo energético da locomoção durante a natação

The amount of metabolic energy spent in transporting the body mass of the subject over a unit of distance has been defined as the energy cost of locomotion, or regarding to swimming, cost of swimming. The differences in the cost of swimming between the individuals seem to be influenced by two main factors, the hydrodynamic resistance and technical skill of the swimmer. The lower cost of swimming showed by females has been attributed to a smaller hydrodynamic resistance due to their smaller size, larger percentage fat and more streamlined position. However, the difference in cost of swimming between males and females disappears when correcting for body size. With regard to children, the higher energy cost of swimming when correcting for body size may be caused by the lower swimming technique showed by them. For individuals with the same anthropometric characteristics, the better swimming technique and larger size of propelling surface, associated with higher propelling efficiency, may decrease the energy cost of swimming. When comparing different types of strokes, the most economical stroke is crawl, followed by backstroke, irrespective the swimming velocity. Butterfly is the less economical at low velocities (< 0.8 m·s-1). However, above that velocity the breaststroke become the less economical stroke.

Medicação de alto custo para portador de sofrimento psíquico: Um estudo preliminar dos custos

The present work aims to raise the costs of high-cost drugs used to treat patients of Refractory Schizophrenia in ambulatory unit. The study was carried out in the Psychosocial Support Center, which treated 33 patients with these medications, during the period of June, 2005 to May, 2006. Data analysis disclosed that the mostly used drugs to treat the carriers of Refractory Schizophrenia were: clozapina and risperidona. It was observed that the treatment with olanzapina is more expensive than that with risperidona. The study concluded that the analysis of the consumption and costs of drugs of high cost is necessary to subside better management of the expenses and new investments in the service. Moreover, the necessity of more studies in the area was also identified to contribute with the control of costs.

Mastite subclínica causada por Staphylococcus aureus: Custo-benefício da antibioticoterapia de vacas em lactação

Economic evaluation of the treatment bovine subclinical mastitis caused by S. aureus was evaluated. Two hundred and seventy udder quarters with or without subclinical mastitis were distributed into four groups, in conformity to lactational stage and treatments. Group 1 included animals treated between 10 and 60 days of lactation; group 2 included animals treated from 61 days of lactation to two months before drying; group 3 included animals no treated between 10 and 60 days of lactation; group 4 included animals no treated from 61 days of lactation to two months before drying. Treatment with gentamicin (150mg) was accomplished by intramammary doses, once a day, after performing sensitivity tests. The mammary quarters were re-evaluated after 30 days. The costs with the treatment were calculated considering a S. aureus prevalence of 5% as well as expenses with antibiotic, milk disposal, tests of drug sensitivity and workload. There was loss of income of 2% and 14% in the groups 1 and 2, respectively, when compared with the values before the treatment. In such case, the treatment of bovine subclinical mastitis caused by S. aureus in the lactation was economically unviable.

Digestibilidade de uma dieta caseira e dois alimentos comerciais, econômico e super-prêmio, para cães

They were compared the coefficients of apparent digestibility (CAD) and the fecal quality of dogs fed a home-made diet and two dog foods, standard and super-premium. Six adult dogs were distributed in a double latin square desing (3 × 3), with three treatments and three periods, in a total of six replications per treatment. Tukey's test was used to compare the means. The home-made diet presented the highest CAD, not differing only of the CAD of acid ether extract of the super-premium food. The standard food was the lowest digestive, producting more feces. Fecal dry matter of dogs fed home-made diet was lower than in the standard and super-premium foods, which did not differ among then. Fecal score presented low variability among treatments, remaining in the considered ideal range. Home-made diet can be an alternative in the feeding of dogs.

Consumo e custo de energia elétrica na cultura de citros irrigado por gotejamento e microaspersão, com três lâminas de água

The objective of this work was to analyze the consumption, electric energy cost, and economic results of irrigated citrus (Citrus sinensis). The treatments consisted of a dripping irrigation system with one and two lateral distribution lines, a micro sprinkler irrigation system and a treatment without irrigation. For each irrigation system, three water depths were used: 100%, 75% and 50% of Etc (citrus evapotranspiration). The electric energy cost for two tariff groups, Group A and Group B, was studied. For Group A, the expenses with energy were determined for the Conventional Binomial Structure tariff, the Hour-seasonal tariff (green and blue) and the special tariff for nocturnal irrigation. The kWh cost for the tariff systems were obtained from the website of CPFL (São Paulo State Power and Light Company, Brazil). The best relation between the electric energy consumption (kWh.ha -1) and productivity (t.ha -1) occurred in the treatment irrigated with 50% of the Etc. The irrigated treatments increased productivity. The biggest productivity was observed in the irrigation treatments with 50% of the Etc when compared to the ones with 100% of the Etc. The blue and green Hour-seasonal tariff system of Group A (nocturnal irrigation) was the best option. A biggest economic turnover occurred in the treatments irrigated with 50% of the Etc.

Custo de produção e indicadores de rentabilidade da cultura do milho safrinha

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production cost and profitability of the second season corn crop in the Medio Paranapanema region, São Paulo State Brazil, under two technological levels (middle and high technology), crop 2008/2009, and compare the results with the 2006/2007 agricultural year. Effective and total operational cost as well as five profitability indicators were used. It was concluded that the high technology production cost for corn crop (direct seedling, sowing during the recommended period, use of simple hybrid seed, application of side-dressing fertilization, and treatment of seeds with different insecticides) was superior to the middle technology production cost (direct seedling, sowing after the recommended time, use of double hybrid seed, and no side-dressing fertilization). However, the average cost was inferior (US$ 8.5), due to a higher yield (4 t). The high technology corn crop was profitable (gross income and profitability index of 14% and 12%, respectively). For the middle technology crop, profitability indexes pointed out that the cropping system needs to be reevaluated by technicians and research institutions, regarding the adequate technical recommendations. Profitability indexes decreased considerably in both cropping systems. It was verified that, in relation to the 2006/2007 harvest period, the total operational cost increased for both technologies, mainly because of the increase of supplies prices.

Análise da dieta e condição de saúde bucal em pacientes gestantes

Objectve: To perform a critical analysis of the diet record model adopted, to evaluate the cariogenicity of the maternal diet, and the incidence of dental caries in pregnant women treated at a prevent on clinic in an undergraduate dental course. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed with consultations to the database of the clinic and review of patients' charts and diet records. The sample was calculated and 205 patents were randomly selected. Bivariate statistical analysis was done at a significance level of 5% (α=0.05), using the statistical soft wares Epi Info versão 3.2, GraphPad Instat 3.6 and BioEstat. Results: The analysis of the diet records showed that 68.8% of the pregnant women presented a cariogenic diet, with high frequency of ingest on of fermentable carbon hydrates, mainly sucrose, with liquid consistency, and preferably consumed between the main meals. There was higher trend of the pregnant women mentioning a low frequency of carbon hydrate ingestion during the interview, while registering a diet rich of these components in their diet records (p<0.0001). The mean DMFT of the patients was 13.9 ± 5.4. There was no statistically significant association between diet and oral health variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: The diet record was proven an effective and valid method, if correctly employed. The prevalence of dental caries in the group of pregnant women was high and, although more than half of the sample presented a cariogenic diet, a significant association between diet and co-factors was not found.