Doença enxerto-versus hospedeiro: determinação da expressão de genes e alterações de vias associadas ao sistema imunológico usando metodos da biofísica

O transplante de medula óssea (TMO) é um procedimento terapêutico importante em casos relacionados à pacientes com leucemia ou linfoma. Em decorrência desse processo, uma reação conhecida como doença enxerto-versus-hospedeiro (GVHD) pode ocorrer em pacientes susceptíveis como conseqüência da presença de células imunocompetentes do doador. Entretanto, não existe um modelo para descrever completamente as ações relacionadas ao mecanismo imunológico da GVHD desde a fase que inicializa a doença até a fase efetora. O Objetivo geral deste estudo é a investigação da resposta imunológica considerando-se o sistema HLA (antígenos leucocitários humano) em pacientes que desenvolveram a GVHD em decorrência do TMO. O National Cancer Institute (NCI) – Pathway interaction Database e Reactome foram usados como bases de dados com o objetivo de se estudar a expressão de genes e vias relacionados às Classes I e II do sistema HLA (antígenos leucocitários humano). O estudo considerou a mudança de expressão de genes relacionados às 17 vias do sistema imunológico com potencialidade para se expressar em pacientes que desenvolveram a GVHD associada à TMO. Dados referentes aos transcriptomas foram obtidos utilizando-se a plataforma GPL570 Affymetrix Genoma Humano U133 Plus. A atividade relativa foi usada para determinar as alterações das vias em amostras de GVHD em relação ao controle. As análises foram realizadas utilizando-se o software Via Complex e Bioconductor. Observou-se aumento significativo da expressão de genes ralacionados às vias do sistema imune adaptativo, antígenos associados às Classe I e II do HLA, fosforilação de CD3 e CD247, sinalização dos receptores de células T em CD4+ nativas e ativação de NF-kapa β nas células B. Também observou-se alterações significativas na mudança de expressão dos genes associados às vias relacionadas à super família de moléculas B7:CD28\CTLA-4 quando comparadas ao controle. Isso pode indicar a necessidade de geração de um segundo sinal co-estimulador em GVHD, acionado pelas moléculas dessa super família. O aumento da expressão do gene CD69 nas amostras experimentais caracteriza a ativação celular e, portanto, a sinalização de estímulos em GVHD. Os achados obtidos neste estudo contribuem para melhor elucidar o mecanismo imunopatogênico associado à GVHD. P

Formación profesional y desigualdad de oportunidades educativas por clase

Tras un repaso a las reflexiones sociológicas sobre la FP y su relación con el origen socioeconómico y el género, así como su plasmación en los debates de política educativa en España, mostramos las tasas de estudiantes o graduados de FP a los 19 y 20 años según clase social de origen y género, desde los nacidos en 1957 hasta 1992. Durante todo este periodo, la desigualdad de oportunidades sociales en el acceso a la FP ha permanecido más bien constante por clase social mientras que ha disminuido por género a partir de las personas nacidas en 1961, pero en mayor medida en las nacidas después de 1970. Los datos muestran que la reforma introducida por la LOGSE, que endureció los requisitos académicos para cursar FP, disminuyó la probabilidad de cursar FP en todas las clases sociales, y que es posible que haya perjudicado en mayor medida a la clase obrera que al resto de clases. Por otro lado, las mujeres cuya familia social de origen pertenece a las clases intermedias optan en menor medida por los estudios de FP que lo que cabría esperar por su género y por su clase social.

Automatic Target Recognition in Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery: A State-of-the-Art Review

The purpose of this paper is to survey and assess the state-of-the-art in automatic target recognition for synthetic aperture radar imagery (SAR-ATR). The aim is not to develop an exhaustive survey of the voluminous literature, but rather to capture in one place the various approaches for implementing the SAR-ATR system. This paper is meant to be as self-contained as possible, and it approaches the SAR-ATR problem from a holistic end-to-end perspective. A brief overview for the breadth of the SAR-ATR challenges is conducted. This is couched in terms of a single-channel SAR, and it is extendable to multi-channel SAR systems. Stages pertinent to the basic SAR-ATR system structure are defined, and the motivations of the requirements and constraints on the system constituents are addressed. For each stage in the SAR-ATR processing chain, a taxonomization methodology for surveying the numerous methods published in the open literature is proposed. Carefully selected works from the literature are presented under the taxa proposed. Novel comparisons, discussions, and comments are pinpointed throughout this paper. A two-fold benchmarking scheme for evaluating existing SAR-ATR systems and motivating new system designs is proposed. The scheme is applied to the works surveyed in this paper. Finally, a discussion is presented in which various interrelated issues, such as standard operating conditions, extended operating conditions, and target-model design, are addressed. This paper is a contribution toward fulfilling an objective of end-to-end SAR-ATR system design.

Variação temporal da Comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em um riacho intermitente do semiárido brasileiro

In Brazilian semiarid region, the majority of water bodies are temporary and the biodiversity in these ecosystems is poorly known. The goal of this study was to describe the temporal variation of benthic macroinvertebrates in an intermittent stream in the Brazilian semiarid region. From March to July of 2009, surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates and water physiochemical parameters were done in a first order stream located at Piranhas-Açu River basin. 25 macroinvertebrates families were found, 21 belonging to Insecta class. The chironomids were the most abundant group during all study period and were represented by 19 genus. The largest densities and taxonomic richness were seen in the drying phase of the stream while the smallest values were found in the period with the heaviest rainfalls ( wet phase ). Only the families Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae were found during all study period, suggesting that these groups have better adaptations to support floods and droughts. Furthermore, these two groups seemed to be pioneering in this stream. Among the chironomids, Paratendipes dominated the period of floods while Tanytarsus were more abundant in the drying phase . This study showed that hydrological fluctuation is the main force influencing the macroinvertebrate community in this stream, therefore, efforts seeking the conservation and management of Brazilian semiarid water bodies should consider this high natural variability in flow regime

QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE PROFESSORAS DO ENSINO BÁSICO DA REDE PÚBLICA

Objetivo: Avaliar os aspectos associados à qualidade de vida (QV) de professoras do ensino básico da rede pública de Viçosa-MG, buscando relações com a classe econômica. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal, desenvolvido entre março e outubro de 2013, realizado com 156 professoras da cidade de Viçosa-MG. Foram aplicados os questionários World Health Organization Quality of Life/BREF e o Critério de Classificação Econômica. Utilizou-se também um questionário contendo tempo de atuação e carga horária semanal de trabalho. Para comparação dos domínios da QV entre as classes econômicas, utilizou-se o teste ANOVA one way, com post hoc de Tukey. Para todos os tratamentos, adotou-se um nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados: As avaliadas apresentaram idade média de 43,88 (+ 10,61) anos, carga horária de trabalho semanal de 29,00 (+ 10,35) horas e tempo de atuação profissional de 16,17 (+ 8,91) anos. A maioria das avaliadas se encontrava na classe econômica B1/B2, com 60,3%. O escore médio da QV geral foi de 68,43 (+ 11,69) pontos, com maiores valores para os domínios “relações sociais” e “físico”. Foi encontrada uma redução na média do domínio “meio ambiente” em relação à menor classe econômica (p=0,011). Houve correlação fraca e inversa entre o domínio “relações sociais” e a carga horária semanal de trabalho (r=-0,16; p=0,031). Conclusão: A QV da população estudada foi considerada entre regular e boa, levando-se em conta a escala do protocolo. Houve associação somente entre o domínio “meio ambiente” e a classe econômica.

O director de turma como mediador entre o concelho de turma, os alunos, e os encarregados de educação: Contributos para a avaliação da direcção de turma

O presente estudo tem como objectivo investigar o reconhecimento e a relevância do papel do Director de Turma enquanto gestor intermédio para os alunos, os encarregados de educação e para os próprios, tendo em conta a interface inter-relacionai em que a função se desenvolve. Este trabalho teve como pressupostos de base a convicção de que a Educação é um fenómeno complexo que, para além de outras, mobiliza dimensões sociológicas, psicológicas e epistemológicas, além de necessitar, constantemente, de reflexão sobre as suas práticas. Assim, conscientes de que o papel do Director de Turma é de grande importância nas organizações escolares, foi nosso objectivo estudá-lo sob o ponto de vista teórico a partir de uma reflexão na prática e efectuar um estudo empírico do modo como a função é percepcionada como elo de ligação entre os Alunos, os Encarregados de Educação e a Escola. Aborda-se a figura do Director de Turma, enquanto gestor pedagógico intermédio da organização escolar, tendo em conta as atribuições que lhe são consagradas na lei e a forma como os demais parceiros vêm a sua função, em especial numa Escola do 2º e 3° ciclos do Ensino Básico, de acordo com as perspectivas/representações dos próprios actores educativos. O estudo visou em concreto, proporcionar uma análise sustentada do reconhecimento e valorização da figura do Director de Turma enquanto mediador entre o aluno, os encarregados de educação e a Escola. Pretendeu-se, nomeadamente, questionar teórica e empiricamente, a interacção e a articulação entre a formação pessoal, a actuação e as representações dos Directores de Turma. Assim, investigou-se de que modo o Director de Turma, considerado como um agente de mediação, é ou não reconhecido e valorizado enquanto figura responsável pela ligação do aluno e do seu encarregado de educação à Escola. Como opção metodológica optou-se por um estudo de caso, recorrendo à complementaridade entre os procedimentos quantitativos e qualitativos, de acordo com os objectivos visados. Assim, as técnicas de recolha de dados utilizados neste estudo foram o inquérito, por questionário, e a entrevista. Estes instrumentos foram sendo sucessivamente aperfeiçoados. Participaram, a nível do inquérito por questionário, duas turmas, uma do 2° ciclo e outra do 3° ciclo (num total de 45 alunos e respectivos encarregados de educação) e a nível da entrevista, os dois Directores de Turma das turmas envolvidas. Procurou-se, deste modo, contribuir para elucidar em que medida a figura do Director de Turma é reconhecida e valorizada como elo de ligação entre os Alunos, os Encarregados de Educação e a Escola enquanto gestor intermédio. Nas Conclusões após o confronto entre as questões de partida, o quadro teórico e os resultados do estudo empírico, discutem-se as dificuldades e limitações que um estudo desta natureza envolve. Avança-se, por fim, com algumas sugestões que a investigação realizada permite, no sentido de utilizar o conhecimento produzido para melhorar o relacionamento entre o Aluno, os Encarregados de Educação e a Escola e, consequentemente, o processo ensino-aprendizagem. ABSTRACT; The purpose of this study is to investigate the recognition and relevance of the role of the classroom director as an intermediate supervisor to the students, the parents and the classroom director himself, having in mind the inner- relation interface the function takes place. This work was conceived on the basic notion that Education is a complex-phenomenon, setting in motion, among other things, sociological, psychological and epistemological dimensions, as well as requiring, frequently, reflection about its practices. Therefore, conscious of the fact that the role of the class director is of enormous importance within a school environment, our aim was to study it from the theoretical point of view by a reflection in practice and performing an empirical analysis on the way it is understood as a link among the students, parents and the school. The role of classroom director is thus analysed as a pedagogical director in a school setting. Taking into consideration the rights conferred to him/her by law and the way all the other partners assign to the class director, particularly in a 2nd and 3rd cycle of the Elementary School system, in accordance with the perspectives/representations of the education actors. More specifically, this study is an in-depth analysis of the recognition and the valuation of the class director figure as a mediator among the pupils, the parents and the school. ln other words, the interaction between theory and practice in the daily performance of the classroom director were questioned and studied for further analysis. Hence, questioned the way in which the classroom director, seen as a mediation agent, could be considered as a coordinator, recognized and valorized as the responsible figure by the linking among the pupil and his/her parents to the school. The case was realized in the 2nd and 3rd cycle of an elementary school in the Alentejo. As a methodological option, quantitative and qualitative processes were both employed, thus keeping in line with the main objective of this work. Therefore, the data collected and herein utilized were the result of queries, i.e., questionnaires and personal interviews. The former were addressed at the pupils of two classes, one of the 2nd cycle and another of the 3rd cycle of the school and their parents (45 pupils and the same number of parents in total), and the two classroom directors of the classes implicated in the study. ln the Conclusion, a balance of the study is presented, comparing the initial research questions, the theoretical framework, and the results of the empirical analysis developed. A few suggestions are presented from the experience gained in this investigation, i.e., using the knowledge acquired in order to improve and enrich the relationship among the pupils, the parents, the school, and the teaching learning process.

Development, characterization and use of genomic SSR markers for assessment of genetic diversity in some Saudi date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars

Background: The present study was undertaken towards the development of SSR markers and assessing genetic relationships among 32 date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) representing common cultivars grown in different geographical regions in Saudi Arabia. Results: Ninety-three novel simple sequence repeat markers were developed and screened for their ability to detect polymorphism in date palm. Around 71% of genomic SSRs were dinucleotide, 25% tri, 3% tetra and 1% penta nucleotide motives. Twenty-two primers generated a total of 91 alleles with a mean of 4.14 alleles per locus and 100% polymorphism percentage. A 0.595 average polymorphic information content and 0.662 primer discrimination power values were recorded. The expected and observed heterozygosities were 0.676 and 0.763 respectively. Pair-wise similarity values ranged from 0.06 to 0.89 and the overall cultivars averaged 0.41. The UPGMA cluster analysis recovered by principal coordinate analysis illustrated that cultivars tend to group according to their class of maturity, region of cultivation, and fruit color. Analysis of molecular variations (AMOVA) revealed that genetic variation among and within cultivars were 27% and 73%, respectively according to geographical distribution of cultivars. Conclusions: The developed microsatellite markers are additional values to date palm characterization tools that can be used by researchers in population genetics, cultivar identification as well as genetic resource exploration and management. The tested cultivars exhibited a significant amount of genetic diversity and could be suitable for successful breeding program. Genomic sequences generated from this study are available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Sequence Read Archive (Accession numbers. LIBGSS_039019).

Glutathione Transferases as Detoxification Agents: Structural and Functional Studies

Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are a diverse family of enzymes that catalyze the glutathione-dependent detoxification of toxic compounds. GSTs are responsible for the conjugation of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) to a wide range of electrophilic substrates. These include industrial pollutants, drugs, genotoxic carcinogen metabolites, antibiotics, insecticides and herbicides. In light of applications in biomedicine and biotechnology as cellular detoxification agents, detailed structural and functional studies of GSTs are required. Plant tau class GSTs play crucial catalytic and non-catalytic roles in cellular xenobiotic detoxification process in agronomically important crops. The abundant existence of GSTs in Glycine max and their ability to provide resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses such as herbicide tolerance is of great interest in agriculture because they provide effective and suitable tools for selective weed control. Structural and catalytic studies on tau class GST isoenzymes from Glycine max (GmGSTU10-10, GmGSTU chimeric clone 14 (Sh14), and GmGSTU2-2) were performed. Crystal structures of GmGSTU10-10 in complex with glutathione sulfenic acid (GSOH) and Sh14 in complex with S-(p-nitrobenzyl)-glutathione (Nb-GSH) were determined by molecular replacement at 1.6 Å and 1.75 Å, respectively. Major structural variations that affect substrate recognition and catalytic mechanism were revealed in the upper part of helix H4 and helix H9 of GmGSTU10-10. Structural analysis of Sh14 showed that the Trp114Cys point mutation is responsible for the enhanced catalytic activity of the enzyme. Furthermore, two salt bridges that trigger an allosteric effect between the H-sites were identified at the dimer interface between Glu66 and Lys104. The 3D structure of GmGSTU2-2 was predicted using homology modeling. Structural and phylogenetic analysis suggested GmGSTU2-2 shares residues that are crucial for the catalytic activity of other tau class GSTs–Phe10, Trp11, Ser13, Arg20, Tyr30, Leu37, Lys40, Lys53, Ile54, Glu66 and Ser67. This indicates that the catalytic and ligand binding site in GmGSTU2-2 are well-conserved. Nevertheless, at the ligandin binding site a significant variation was observed. Tyr32 is replaced by Ser32 in GmGSTU2-2 and thismay affect the ligand recognition and binding properties of GmGSTU2-2. Moreover, docking studies revealed important amino acid residues in the hydrophobic binding site that can affect the substrate specificity of the enzyme. Phe10, Pro12, Phe15, Leu37, Phe107, Trp114, Trp163, Phe208, Ile212, and Phe216 could form the hydrophobic ligand binding site and bind fluorodifen. Additionally, side chains of Arg111 and Lys215 could stabilize the binding through hydrogen bonds with the –NO2 groups of fluorodifen. GST gene family from the pathogenic soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 was characterized and eight GST-like proteins in A. tumefaciens (AtuGSTs) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that four members of AtuGSTs belong to a previously recognized bacterial beta GST class and one member to theta class. Nevertheless, three AtuGSTs do not belong to any previously known GST classes. The 3D structures of AtuGSTs were predicted using homology modeling. Comparative structural and sequence analysis of the AtuGSTs showed local sequence and structural characteristics between different GST isoenzymes and classes. Interactions at the G-site are conserved, however, significant variations were seen at the active site and the H5b helix at the C-terminal domain. H5b contributes to the formation of the hydrophobic ligand binding site and is responsible for recognition of the electrophilic moiety of the xenobiotic. It is noted that the position of H5b varies among models, thus providing different specificities. Moreover, AtuGSTs appear to form functional dimers through diverse modes. AtuGST1, AtuGST3, AtuGST4 and AtuGST8 use hydrophobic ‘lock–and–key’-like motifs whereas the dimer interface of AtuGST2, AtuGST5, AtuGST6 and AtuGST7 is dominated by polar interactions. These results suggested that AtuGSTs could be involved in a broad range of biological functions including stress tolerance and detoxification of toxic compounds.

Antimicrobial effect of polymeric biomaterials for bone infection treatment

Dissertação de mestrado em Bioquímica, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2016.

Explaining dinophysis cf. acuminata abundance in Antifer (Normandy, France) using dynamic linear regression

Classical regression analysis can be used to model time series. However, the assumption that model parameters are constant over time is not necessarily adapted to the data. In phytoplankton ecology, the relevance of time-varying parameter values has been shown using a dynamic linear regression model (DLRM). DLRMs, belonging to the class of Bayesian dynamic models, assume the existence of a non-observable time series of model parameters, which are estimated on-line, i.e. after each observation. The aim of this paper was to show how DLRM results could be used to explain variation of a time series of phytoplankton abundance. We applied DLRM to daily concentrations of Dinophysis cf. acuminata, determined in Antifer harbour (French coast of the English Channel), along with physical and chemical covariates (e.g. wind velocity, nutrient concentrations). A single model was built using 1989 and 1990 data, and then applied separately to each year. Equivalent static regression models were investigated for the purpose of comparison. Results showed that most of the Dinophysis cf. acuminata concentration variability was explained by the configuration of the sampling site, the wind regime and tide residual flow. Moreover, the relationships of these factors with the concentration of the microalga varied with time, a fact that could not be detected with static regression. Application of dynamic models to phytoplankton time series, especially in a monitoring context, is discussed.

Report of the Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms (WGITMO). 16-18 March 2016 Olbia, Italy

The 42th meeting of the ICES Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms (WGITMO) was held in Olbia, Italy, 16–18 March 2016, with Anna Occhipinti-Ambrogi as host and Henn Ojaveer as chairperson. Representatives from 19 countries participated in the meeting. Attendants were from Belgium, Canada, Dennark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom and United States. Sweden contributed by cor-respondence. The objectives of the meeting were to update information and discuss several aspects related to the introductions and transfers of non-indigenous aquatic species. Data and information management were two of the discussion topics of the meeting, with special focus on the better exploitation of the ‘Information system on aquatic non-indigenous and cryptogenic species’ (AquaNIS). The WGITMO also dedicated time for addressing the MSFD D2 issues: indicator on new non-indigenous species introduced by human activities, and opportunities and problems related to cross-regional comparison of non-indigenous species indicators. Preparation of the manuscript of the alert report on sea squirt Didemnum vexillum, which is to be published in ICES CRR series, was discussed and the steps to be taken to finalise the report were agreed. As usual, adequate time was devoted to discuss national reports, to exchange of information on the management of NIS and to review ongoing and planned research activities. The approach taken during the meeting facilitated presentations and discussions on the issues of relevance related to the Terms of References as well as on a few generic and strategically-important issues of general relevance to bioinvasions. The meeting began with a full-day joint meeting with the Working Group on Ballast and Other Ship Vectors (WGBOSV), which provided an opportunity to discuss and address issues of common interest, such as shipping and biofouling as introduction vectors. The proposed ICES demonstration advice on ‘Risk management of non-indigenous species associated with shipping in the Arctic’ was discussed, and edits were suggested for both the orientation of the demonstration advice as well as for the exact questions to be asked. Both working groups agreed that the practice of conducting back-to-back meetings with one joint day is useful and will continue in 2017. All Terms of References to be addressed for 2016 were discussed. For some Terms of Ref-erence, more detailed presentations were given, and a short overview of the information and subsequent discussion is provided herein at the end of each section. This report is structured so that each Term of Reference is dealt with in sequential order. The main body of the report contains summaries of the presentations and discussions with the more detailed documents being contained in the Annexes. WGITMO progressed each of the Terms of Reference by either completing the task or clearly identifying and agreeing on the inter-sessional activities required to still finalise the work in 2016. From 2017, WGITMO will be shifted to multi-annual management.

Una codificación prefija para un idioma artificial

This work focuses in the formal and technical analysis of some aspects of a constructed language. As a first part of the work, a possible coding for the language will be studied, emphasizing the pre x coding, for which an extension of the Hu man algorithm from binary to n-ary will be implemented. Because of that in the language we can't know a priori the frequency of use of the words, a study will be done and several strategies will be proposed for an open words system, analyzing previously the existing number of words in current natural languages. As a possible upgrade of the coding, we'll take also a look to the synchronization loss problem, as well as to its solution: the self-synchronization, a t-codes study with the number of possible words for the language, as well as other alternatives. Finally, and from a less formal approach, several applications for the language have been developed: A voice synthesizer, a speech recognition system and a system font for the use of the language in text processors. For each of these applications, the process used for its construction, as well as the problems encountered and still to solve in each will be detailed.

School participation of students with autism spectrum disorders

This paper addresses the participation of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in main- stream schools. There are different benefits for ASD students to be educated in an inclusive environment (Gena, 2006; Whitaker, 2004). They challenge the school community by presenting difficulties in essential domains for school activi- ties (Chamberlain, Kasari and Rotheram-Fuller, 2006; Eman and Farrell, 2009; Humphrey and Symes, 2010). Thus, these are students with increased difficulties participating in inclusive environments, reinforcing the need of an ade- quate inclusion process (Gena, 2006; Hall and McGregor, 2000; Hestenes and Carroll, 2000). We characterised this students ’ participation with a questionnaire to the students from mainstream classes in which ASD students were included, a questionnaire applied to each class teacher/head teacher and an interview to four of the school educational assistants. The location of the ASD student in mainstream classroom was also ana- lysed, trying to understand if it influences the quality of ASD students ’ participation, hypothesis- ing that there is an influence. Results showed a good perception of the students with ASD and their behaviour, low frequency of behaviours involving interaction with these students, good feelings about their presence at the school/class and an overall acceptance of them in the peer groups of typical development students. Results are mostly consistent across the different infor- mation sources. We found a significant effect of the location on the quality of participation. Results are mainly consistent with the literature reviewed and enlighten the need to keep making progress on inclusion practices related to ASD students in mainstream schools.

Comparing global land cover datasets through the Eagle matrix land cover components for continental Portugal

Global land cover maps play an important role in the understanding of the Earth's ecosystem dynamic. Several global land cover maps have been produced recently namely, Global Land Cover Share (GLC-Share) and GlobeLand30. These datasets are very useful sources of land cover information and potential users and producers are many times interested in comparing these datasets. However these global land cover maps are produced based on different techniques and using different classification schemes making their interoperability in a standardized way a challenge. The Environmental Information and Observation Network (EIONET) Action Group on Land Monitoring in Europe (EAGLE) concept was developed in order to translate the differences in the classification schemes into a standardized format which allows a comparison between class definitions. This is done by elaborating an EAGLE matrix for each classification scheme, where a bar code is assigned to each class definition that compose a certain land cover class. Ahlqvist (2005) developed an overlap metric to cope with semantic uncertainty of geographical concepts, providing this way a measure of how geographical concepts are more related to each other. In this paper, the comparison of global land cover datasets is done by translating each land cover legend into the EAGLE bar coding for the Land Cover Components of the EAGLE matrix. The bar coding values assigned to each class definition are transformed in a fuzzy function that is used to compute the overlap metric proposed by Ahlqvist (2005) and overlap matrices between land cover legends are elaborated. The overlap matrices allow the semantic comparison between the classification schemes of each global land cover map. The proposed methodology is tested on a case study where the overlap metric proposed by Ahlqvist (2005) is computed in the comparison of two global land cover maps for Continental Portugal. The study resulted with the overlap spatial distribution among the two global land cover maps, Globeland30 and GLC-Share. These results shows that Globeland30 product overlap with a degree of 77% with GLC-Share product in Continental Portugal.

Relatório final de estágio realizado na Escola Secundária Braamcamp Freire

O presente relatório de estágio é uma análise reflexiva do processo de estágio pedagógico, inserido no Mestrado de Ensino de Educação Física dos Ensinos Básico e Secundário, pertencente à Faculdade de Motricidade Humana. Este estágio decorre na Escola Secundária Braamcamp Freire (ESBF), tendo como linhas orientadoras o Guia de Estágio Pedagógico de 2015/2016. Este explica as competências a adquirir ao longo do processo nas quatro áreas de intervenção. Na área 1 – Organização e Gestão do Ensino e Aprendizagem, Relação entre Planeamento, Condução e Avaliação. Na área 2 – Inovação e Investigação Pedagógica, está a ser desenvolvido um projeto de formação de professores relacionado com os critérios de avaliação utilizados na Área das Atividades Físicas, e a validade e fiabilidade da observação entre professores. Na área 3 – Participação na Escola, colaboração com o Núcleo de Voleibol que apesar de ser feminino e masculino em simultâneo, o meu foco será no núcleo masculino, e ainda na organização e colaboração de todas as atividades desenvolvidas pelos professores da Área Disciplinar de Educação Física. Na área 4 – Relação com a comunidade, trabalho conjunto com a Diretora de Turma no que diz respeito a todas as tarefas inerentes à função e ainda na coadjuvação e planeamento da disciplina de Cidadania. Em cada uma das áreas será feita uma descrição e reflexão sobre as minhas ações e práticas, as dificuldades com que me deparei e as soluções encontradas para ultrapassar os obstáculos que foram surgindo. No final, realizarei um balanço reflexivo sobre todo o meu processo de estágio referindo o contributo do mesmo para a minha formação e quais as bases criadas para o contínuo desenvolvimento que pretendo levar a cabo no futuro.