Determinação de 'SB' e 'PB' em embalagens de poli(tereftalato) de etileno (PET) por espectrometria de absorção atômica com fonte contínua e de alta resolução em forno de grafite empregando amostragem direta de sólidos

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Distribuição espacial e plano de amostragem sequencial para Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood, 1837) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) na cultura de soja transgênica RR®

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Gráficos de X com esquemas especiais de amostragem para o controle de médias que oscilam ou para o controle de processos que geram observações autocorrelacionadas

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Critérios para a amostragem de lianas: comparação e estimativa da abundância e biomassa de lianas no Cerrado

Lianas play a key role in many tropical forests ecosystems, contributing to community abundance, diversity and structure. Techniques to census lianas and estimate biomass have been used mainly in tropical forests. The aim of this study was to verify if different measurement location on the stem and inclusion criteria influence the estimations of liana abundance and biomass in Cerrado. The study was carried out at Itirapina fragment (ca 260 ha) located in Sao Paulo, Southeast Brazil. We measured all apparent ramets of rooted lianas by using different inclusion criteria: >= 0.5 cm in diameter at 30 cm basal area (D_30), and at 130 cm diameter breast height (DBH), in 36 transects (10 x 25 m). We compared the biomass using the allometric equation based on data from tropical florest take at 130 cm (DBH) and other The allometric biomass equation development to estimate the aboveground biomass of live lianas in tropical forests (DAP = 130 cm) was used. We tested the liana biomass, based on measurements taken at (D_30) using two different conversion equations. The results did not show significant differences in liana abundance and above ground biomass estimated applying the different criteria of inclusion However the biomass estimated from data collected at D_30 and converted into DAP showed a tendency to increase in biomass. Our findings suggest that the protocol used to the census of liana and the allometric biomass equation proposed to forests can be applied in the Cerrado.

Cluster and meta-analyses of genetic parameters for feed intake traits in growing beef cattle

A data set based on 50 studies including feed intake and utilization traits was used to perform a meta-analysis to obtain pooled estimates using the variance between studies of genetic parameters for average daily gain (ADG); residual feed intake (RFI); metabolic body weight (MBW); feed conversion ratio (FCR); and daily dry matter intake (DMI) in beef cattle. The total data set included 128 heritability and 122 genetic correlation estimates published in the literature from 1961 to 2012. The meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model where the restricted maximum likelihood estimator was used to evaluate variances among clusters. Also, a meta-analysis using the method of cluster analysis was used to group the heritability estimates. Two clusters were obtained for each trait by different variables. It was observed, for all traits, that the heterogeneity of variance was significant between clusters and studies for genetic correlation estimates. The pooled estimates, adding the variance between clusters, for direct heritability estimates for ADG, DMI, RFI, MBW and FCR were 0.32 +/- 0.04, 0.39 +/- 0.03, 0.31 +/- 0.02, 0.31 +/- 0.03 and 0.26 +/- 0.03, respectively. Pooled genetic correlation estimates ranged from -0.15 to 0.67 among ADG, DMI, RFI, MBW and FCR. These pooled estimates of genetic parameters could be used to solve genetic prediction equations in populations where data is insufficient for variance component estimation. Cluster analysis is recommended as a statistical procedure to combine results from different studies to account for heterogeneity.

Distribuição espacial, amostragem sequencial e dinâmica populacional de Leptopharsa heveae (Hemiptera: Tingidae) na cultura da seringueira

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Influência do uso de iscas na amostragem da riqueza e frequência de captura de mamíferos de médio e grande porte utilizando armadilhas fotográficas

Não disponível.

Análise cinemática da marcha livre e adaptativa de pacientes com doença de Parkinson e idosos sadios: efeito da dica auditiva

Disorders in gait are identified in Parkinson’s disease patients. As a result, the capacity of walking independently and the interaction with the environment can be impairment. So, the auditory cues have been utilized as a non-pharmacological treatment to improve the locomotor impairment of the PD patients. However, these effects were observed in the regular lands and it’s not known the effects of auditory cues in gait during avoidance obstacles that could be more threaten for these patients. Yet, few studies in the literature compare the Parkinson’s disease patients with the older adults during the locomotor tasks and obstacle avoidance in association with the effects of auditory cues. The aim of the study is to compare the effects of the auditory cues in the gait and during obstacle avoidance in PD patients and older adults. 30 subjects distributed in two groups (Group 1 - 15, Parkinson’s disease patients; Group 2 - 15, healthy older adults) are going to participate of this study. After the participation approval, the assessment of clinical condition will be done by a physician. So, to investigate the locomotor pattern, it will be done a kinematic analysis. The experimental task is to walk on 8 m pathway and 18 trials will be done (6 for the free gait and 12 for adaptive gait). For the adaptive gait, two different obstacle heights will be manipulated: high obstacle (HO) and low obstacle (LO). In order to verify possible differences between the groups and the experimental condition, multivariance tests will be used with a significance level of 0.05. MANOVA revealed effect of condition and task. Thus, with DA, we observed an increase in cadence and reduced single support and stride length. When the tasks were compared, it was observed that the LO task, subjects had lower velocity and stride length... 9Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Amostragem da emissão de material particulado em ambientes externos

The concern of the society with regard to the pollution if becomes each bigger and necessary time. This pollution generates damage for who is in contact, as much in economic terms how much in quality of life. The particulate matter is one of the main polluting the air, being the most harmful to human health, fine particles and ultra fine (below 2.5 μm in diameter). With this, this work had as objective to mensurar the pollution of air for material particulado through samplings in an urban center, in a siderurgical industry, a conventional coal bunker and a forest fire. The equipment used for the sampling of particles had been the DataRam4 (model DR 4000) and the Impactador de Andersen, both developed by company THERMO SCIENTIFIC. The first equipment uses a system of nefelometry and the second uses a gravimetrical system of sampling. During the carried through samplings, it can be observed in some cases the difficulty in the breath, badly be and low visibility that this type of pollutant can cause. In most cases the results were disturbing. In industry, conventional coal bunker and in the forest were measured values high concentration for particles smaller diameters. Peak concentrations issued were: 40,000 μg/m³, 182,000 μg/m³ and 400,000 μg/m³ for the industry, conventional coal bunker and forest, respectively. Already in the urban centre were satisfactory results, always staying within the limit allowed by the rules in force so far in the country

Efeito da amostragem de informação visual no comportamento locomotor adaptativo de pacientes com doença de Parkinson idiopática

Pouco se sabe a respeito da marcha de pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP) em ambientes irregulares. Mais especificamente, não foram encontrados estudos que manipularam a informação visual na tarefa de ultrapassar obstáculo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o papel da visão no comportamento locomotor durante a ultrapassagem de obstáculos de diferentes alturas em indivíduos com DP idiopática, manipulando experimentalmente a disponibilidade das informações visuais. Participaram 14 idosos com DP, classificados entre os estágios 1 e 2,5 da escala de Hoehn & Yahr. Os participantes foram convidados a percorrer andando uma passarela de 8 metros, em condições sem obstáculo (SO) e com obstáculo baixo (OB) ou alto (OA). As tentativas foram apresentadas combinando condições de obstáculo (SO, OB e OA) e de visão (IVD e IVE), em 3 tentativas por condição, totalizando 18 tentativas; realizadas em 2 blocos. A manipulação de informação visual foi realizada através do uso de óculos de lentes de cristal líquido e a análise cinemática foi realizada tridimensionalmente. As variáveis dependentes selecionadas incluíram os parâmetros espaciais e temporais das fases de aproximação e ultrapassagem do obstáculo. Para o tratamento dos dados, foram empregadas duas MANOVAs. Os resultados revelaram que tanto a manipulação visual como a manipulação do terreno influenciaram no comportamento locomotor dos pacientes. Na fase de aproximação, a presença do obstáculo provocou modificações nos parâmetros locomotores, refletindo em menores valores médios de comprimento e velocidade da passada nas condições OB e OA do que na condição SO. Em relação à informação visual nesta mesma fase, a anulação do fluxo óptico provocou diminuição do comprimento e da velocidade da passada, da cadência e da porcentagem da fase de suporte simples e aumento da duração... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Amostragem de poluentes gasosos e particulados emitidos pela queima de biomassa vegetal

The use of biomass as an energy source has been increasing in Brazil, with emphasis on the use of wood biomass, such as bark, wood chips and sawdust, that after receiving the appropriate treatment can be used in burners for power generation. However, from this burning are emitted fine particles known as particulate matter and a wide range of toxic organic and inorganic components in the form of gases that contribute greatly to air pollution and global warming, affecting human health, the environment and climate. The objective of this project was the quantification of gaseous and particulate, using and evaluating the equipment DR4000 ( Dataram 4 ) sampling of particulates smaller than 2.5μm and EUROTRON ( Ecoline 4000 ) when sampling gaseous pollutants, emitted from the burning of biomass in real time in the firing burner to a chimney attached biomass . We note that there are no specific rules that establish emission limits for particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5μm that are most harmful to human health and the highest concentrations reached about 800000μg/m3, for smaller diameters. It is noticeable the need for sampling of pollutants especially in industries that use biomass to fuel that could be implanted emission control equipment

Assembleias fitoplanctônicas no gradiente longitudinal barragem-jusante do reservatório de Itaipu, rio Paraná (Brasil/Paraguai)

The freshwater phytoplankton, responsible for a significant part of primary production in rivers and lakes, is of great importance for matter and energy available to other trophic levels of structuring aquatic food chains. In recent decades, the construction of dams, especially for the generation of electricity, produced changes not only in physical and chemical characteristics of rivers, but also in biocoenosis of these ecosystems. Thus, research is needed to expand the basic knowledge about these environments and subsidize actions appropriate conservation and management. Considering that lotic environments are relatively little studied, and the river-reservoir interaction, the work aims to analyze the limnological conditions and assemblies phytoplankton along the gradient established by the Itaipu reservoir and downstream stretch of the Paraná River. During two periods of the year, winter and summer, we analyzed nine sampling stations: one in lentic environment (the dam), six on the Parana River (each 5 km), at the mouth of a river Monday and another at the mouth of the Iguazu river. The phytoplankton community was composed of 315 taxa, with the class Bacillariophyceae most specious. At every point the richness was higher in summer and with a longitudinal trend in the increasing points after falling after the dam and the contribution of the tributaries. The number of taxa common to the three rivers was low in both study periods. The higher taxa can be explained by the variety of environments sampled, different residence times of water and nutrient concentrations, whereas the rivers Iguazu and Monday suffer high human influence. The greater abundance of organisms in the dam, in both periods, it should be the class Cryptophyceae contributing over 75% of total phytoplankton in point. In cluster analysis (composition and abundance)...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Caracterização hidroquímica do sistema aquífero Tubarão no município de Americana/SP

The growing interest in the use of groundwater resources is directly related to the economic advantages that the groundwater exploitation offers when compared to surface waters. This happens especially in large urban centers, such as the city of Americana / SP, where the rivers are increasingly contaminated by household and industrial waste. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the Tubarão Aquifer System, in the city of Americana, to identify and evaluate the spatial distribution of different hydrogeochemical facies as well as understand the rock-fluid interaction through the construction of a conceptual hydrogeochemical model. This study was made based on the recognition of the possible chemical reactions that print the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the area. To do the job, there were two water sampling campaigns of all deep wells used by the City of Americana public water supply. From the results of hydrochemical, classification of water was made by Piper and Stiff diagrams as well as geostatistical data using cluster analysis of principal components. Based on information from the profiles obtained from the survey SIAGAS as well as in geological profiles provided by the city of Americana, we sought to detail the subsurface geology of the Subgroup Itararé in the city of Americana. The results obtained allowed the identification of three hydrochemical types in the study area: Bicarbonated calcium-sodium (1), bicarbonate sodium (2) and sodium chloride (3). The waters have bicarbonate alkaline pH to alkaline and can be considered weakly saline, with electrical conductivity values of around 161 mS / cm. Samples classified as sodium bicarbonate average of 174.99 mS / cm. The pH values ranging from 6.74 to 7.99, averaging 7.52. For the group of waters classified as sodium chloride, conductivity average is 164.32 mS / cm and pH values ranging... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Amostragem de poluentes particulados emitidos pela queima de biomassa em correntes confinadas

It is clear today the ever-accelerating search for new fuels that will eventually replace those that will survive in our society, which are fossil fuels. For this reason, a fuel used since the dawn of humanity and much studied since then, considered the generator of clean, renewable energy, can earn more and more space in the power generation sector, which is biomass. We performed two experiments with two different types of biomass, one from the Amazon rainforest and other pine and eucalyptus as waste from the sawmill UNESP Itapeva. In the first experiment, conducted at the Laboratory of Combustion and Propulsion INPE Cachoeira Paulista were conducted three tests in a chimney with a fan creating forced ventilation, where the biomass was burned and deposited on a support beneath the hood. In the second experiment was conducted to analyze the emission of particulate matter using biomass (waste) from the sawmill on the campus of UNESP experimental Itapeva the burning of it in a burner for heating water for a wood oven. In these experiments we used a particle called DATARAM4 sampler that is capable of sampling both outdoors and inside of pipelines, which is the focus of this work. With this equipment it was possible to measure the concentration of particulate matter in all the firings as above, and compare them to levels acceptable in the current law, always trying to analyze the so-called fine particles, which are those with diameters less than 2.5 μm. Using data obtained from the equipment was also possible to evaluate the diametral distribution of particulate matter in question, and verify which phases of the flares in the concentration and the diameters of the particles are the most critical. In this work we concluded that in all firings conducted concentrations of particulate matter were higher than that allowed by the law, and the diameters were found that are more harmful to human health

Um Modelo Espacial para a Resposta Imunológica Adaptativa da Hepatite B

This paper proposed a two-dimensional spatial model to describe the adaptive immune response for viral hepatitis B. This model considered six populations: healthy hepatocytes T, infected hepatocytes Y , hepatitis B virus V , innate immune system I, active immune system X and memory cells, X. First, a compartmental model was constructed and its equilibrium solutions and also the threshold values related to the stability of each solution were obtained. Using this model, we was able to reproduce the different trends observed for the disease, which are: individuals that eliminate the infection without forming immune response, patients with acute and chronic carriers. By including dispersion of defense cells of the immune system and virus (spatial model), we analyze two situations: homogeneous model, in which the model parameters are the same at all points of the network, and heterogeneous model, which characterizes cells more permeable and less permeable to virus invasion. For the two spatial models (homogeneous and heterogeneous) the times relatead to the viral erradication and/or virus invasion and persistence becoming smaller in relation to the compartmental model. The results also showed that for the set of values used in the simulations and if the two diffusion rates are different from zero, the model is sensitive to variations in the rate of viral spread and not dependent on the dispersion of memory cells. Finally, the heterogeneous model when compared to the homogeneous model shows that the infection can be spatially limited depending on the type of the cell involved in the infection process