An outbreak of dengue virus at Rio de Janeiro - 1986

Dengue virus type 1 has been isolated in Aedes albopictus cell strain, from sera of patients living in the Nova Iguaçu county, by Rio de Janeiro. The clinical picture was characterized by fever, headache, retrobulbar pain, backache, pains in the muscles and the joints and prostration. Studies in paired sera confirmed the presence of recent infection by dengue virus type 1. The outbreak reached adjacent areas, including Rio de Janeiro city (May, 1986).

Planta de producció d'àcid acètic

L’objectiu de treball a assolir en aquest projecte és el disseny en continu d’una planta química de producció d’àcid acètic a partir de la carbonilació del metanol amb monòxid de carboni. Es procedirà, alhora, a l’estudi de la viabilitat econòmica de la construcció i operació d’aquesta planta, tenint en compte les normatives urbanístiques i sectorials vigents. La planta tindrà una producció de 75.000 Tn/any d’àcid acètic.

Planta de producción de ácido acético

El presente proyecto trata sobre el diseño de una planta química para la producción de 75000 toneladas al año de ácido acético. Para la consecución de este objetivo utilizamos la carbonilación en continuo de metanol con monóxido de carbono. No obstante, no comercializaremos un solo producto, si no que se ha de ofertar de dos formas. Por un lado, ácido acético glacial (60% de la producción total), que es una solución de acético que como mínimo ha de contener un 98% de ácido y una concentración de agua inferior al 1% y por otro lado, el resto de producción será una solución al 70% en ácido acético.

Planta de producció d'àcid adípic

L’objectiu d’aquest projecte és el disseny d’una planta de producció d’àcid adípic a partir de la oxidació d’una mescla de ciclohexanol-ciclohexanona (KA oil) mitjançant àcid nítric. El projecte ha de complir la legislació vigent a part de ser viable tècnicament i econòmicament.

Planta de producció d'àcid acètic

L’objecte del treball consisteix en la realització d’un projecte per estudiar la viabilitat de la construcció i operació d’una planta de fabricació d’àcid acètic a partir de la carbonilació del metanol.

Planta de producció d'àcid acètic

L’objectiu d’aquest projecte és dissenyar una planta de producció d’àcid acètic en continu (75000 tones/any), mitjançant la carbonilació de metanol, a partir de metanol i monòxid de carboni. Per tal s’haurà d’escollir entre un dels tres processos: Procés Basf, Procés Monsanto, Procés Cativa. S’intentarà que el projecte sigui viable econòmicament, hi haurà de complir totes les normatives i legislacions vigents. Aquest projecte ha d’incloure la construcció i disseny de tots els equips, muntatge, posta en marxa i funcionament de la planta en estat estacionari.

Planta de producción de anilina

El objetivo de este proyecto es el diseño de una planta para la producción de anilina a partir de nitrobenceno. Este proyecto ha de ser viable en términos de diseño y economía, además de cumplir con la normativa y legislación vigentes.

Planta de producción de nitrobenceno

El objetivo principal de este proyecto es la construcción de una planta química para la producción de nitrobenceno. Este producto se obtiene por nitración de benceno con una mezcla ácida de nítrico y sulfúrico, que actúa como catalizador. El nitrobenceno se fabrica con intención de vender la mayor parte de la producción a una empresa situada en la parcela de al lado, fabricante de anilina. Se desea conseguir una producción anual de 60000 Tm/año de anilina, con lo que la producción de nitrobenceno para poder suministrar la cantidad requerida y tener algo de excedente, es de 92000 Tm/año. Se pretende evaluar la viabilidad económica teniendo en cuenta diferentes aspectos como son: la normativa urbanística y sectorial; entre las que están la normativa contra incendios, de seguridad y de medio ambiente; el diseño, el montaje, la puesta en marcha y la operación de la planta.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in domestic pigs and wild boars in Switzerland.

Hepatitis E is considered an emerging human viral disease in industrialized countries. Studies from Switzerland report a human seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) of 2.6-21%, a range lower than in adjacent European countries. The aim of this study was to determine whether HEV seroprevalence in domestic pigs and wild boars is also lower in Switzerland and whether it is increasing and thus indicating that this zoonotic viral infection is emerging. Serum samples collected from 2,001 pigs in 2006 and 2011 and from 303 wild boars from 2008 to 2012 were analysed by ELISA for the presence of HEV-specific antibodies. Overall HEV seroprevalence was 58.1% in domestic pigs and 12.5% in wild boars. Prevalence in domestic pigs was significantly higher in 2006 than in 2011. In conclusion, HEV seroprevalence in domestic pigs and wild boars in Switzerland is comparable with the seroprevalence in other countries and not increasing. Therefore, prevalence of HEV in humans must be related to other factors than prevalence in pigs or wild boars.

Monocyte differentiation toward regulatory dendritic cells is not affected by respiratory syncytial virus-induced inflammatory mediators.

Airway epithelial cells were shown to drive the differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells (DCs) with a suppressive phenotype. In this study, we investigated the impact of virus-induced inflammatory mediator production on the development of DCs. Monocyte differentiation into functional DCs, as reflected by the expression of CD11c, CD123, BDCA-4, and DC-SIGN and the capacity to activate T cells, was similar for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected and mock-infected BEAS-2B and A549 cells. RSV-conditioned culture media resulted in a partially mature DC phenotype, but failed to up-regulate CD80, CD83, CD86, and CCR7, and failed to release proinflammatory mediators upon Toll-like receptor (TLR) triggering. Nevertheless, these DCs were able to maintain an antiviral response by the release of Type I IFN. Collectively, these data indicate that the airway epithelium maintains an important suppressive DC phenotype under the inflammatory conditions induced by infection with RSV.

Isolation and antigenic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Brazil

A retrovirus infecting a Brazilian AIDS patient was isolated and characterized in terms of its reactivity with sera from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). The Western blot analysis revealed that the Brazilian isolate is very similar to the well characterized HIV-1 strain. The serum of the patient from whom the virus was isolated did not react with the 140 kDa envelope glycoprotein specific for HIV-2.

Expression of the alpha 1b-adrenergic receptor and G protein subunits in mammalian cell lines using the Semliki Forest virus expression system.

Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vectors have been efficiently used for rapid high level expression of several G protein-coupled receptors. Here we describe the use of SFV vectors to express the alpha 1b-adrenergic receptor (AR) alone or in the presence of the G protein alpha q and/or beta 2 and gamma 2 subunits. Infection of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells with recombinant SFV-alpha 1b-AR particles resulted in high specific binding activity of the alpha 1b-AR (24 pmol receptor/mg protein). Time-course studies indicated that the highest level of receptor expression was obtained 30 hours post-infection. The stimulation of BHK cells, with epinephrine led to a 5-fold increase in inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation, confirming the functional coupling of the receptor to G protein-mediated activation of phospholipase C. The SFV expression system represents a rapid and reproducible system to study the pharmacological properties and interactions of G protein coupled receptors and of G protein subunits.

Thymoma, immunodeficiency, and herpes simplex virus infections.

Hypogammaglobulinemia develops in 3 to 6% of patients with thymoma and this association is commonly referred to as thymoma with immunodeficiency (formerly Good syndrome). Recurrent infections with encapsulated bacteria and opportunistic infections associated with disorders of both humoral and cell mediated immunity frequently occur in this rare primary, adult-onset immunodeficiency. We report a case of thymoma with immunodeficiency complicated by disseminated herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and review five additional cases of HSV-related infections reported since 1966 in patients presenting with thymoma with immunodeficiency. Patients presented with epiglottitis, keratitis, recurrent genital herpes, ulcerative dermatitis, and acute hepatitis. Four of the six cases had a fatal outcome, two of which were directly attributable to HSV infection. Since the risk of invasive opportunistic infections is high and the presentation atypical, lymphocyte count and total serum immunoglobulin should be measured regularly in all patients presenting with thymoma with immunodeficiency.