Espermiogênese em Eupemphix nattereri (Anura, Leiuperidae): aspectos ultra-estruturais

A maturação dos espermatozóides envolve um extenso e complexo processo que começa com a proliferação e diferenciação das espermatogônias, passa pela meiose e finaliza com a espermiogênese. Nessa fase, eventos envolvendo alterações morfológicas e bioquímicas transformam espermátides em espermatozóides. Aspectos ultra-estruturais da espermiogênese e do espermatozóide do anuro Eupemphix nattereri (Steindachner, 1863) foram analisados através de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. A espermiogênese envolve condensação da cromatina e alongamento nuclear, com visível eliminação de citoplasma. Nesse estágio, grande quantidade de microtúbulos e glicogênio podem ser visualizados no citoplasma das células de Sertoli, rodeando cada espermátide. O espermatozóide é fusiforme e o acrossomo forma uma capa na região anterior do núcleo. A bainha mitocondrial é encontrada ao redor da porção proximal da cauda. A cauda apresenta o axonema com o modelo 9+2, uma fibra axonemal, a membrana ondulante e ausência de bastão axial. Esta organização apresenta algumas similaridades com espécies do gênero Physalaemus (Leiuperidae) como P. biligonigerus (Cope, 1861), P. gracilis (Boulenger, 1883) e P. fuscomaculatus (Steindachner, 1864).

Darkening of Light

Combined media on paper. 90" x 40", Fire River Series

4 Studies, Night Light (Part 2)

Combined media on photographic paper. 80" x 55"

4 Studies, Night Light (Part 1)

Combined media on photographic paper. 80" x 55"

4 Studies, Night Light (Part 3)

Combined media on photographic paper. 80" x 55"

4 Studies, Night Light (Part 4)

Combined media on photographic paper. 80" x 55"

Estudos citológicos e citoquímicos em Stenophoridae Crawley, 1903 (Eugregarinidae, Protozoa) II - ultra-estrutura

1 - Indivíduos de Stenophora juli (Frantzius, 1848) Labbé, 1899, parasitos de um Diplopoda, Rhinochricus padbergi Schubart. 1930 foram examinados em microscópia óptica e eletrônica. 2 - Os resultados do estudo citoquímico confirmam os dados obtidos por outros autores em outras espécies de gregarinas. 3 - Quanto à estrutura fina da morfologia celular foi examinada detalhadamente a película a qual apresenta cristas longitudinais de forma e estrutura complexas. 4 - No sulcos da película, entre as cristas, foram encontrados poros na membrana, por onde é realizada a secreção de muco. 5 - Aderente à película, pròpriamente dita foi encontrada, no deutomerito, uma camada homogênea de natureza desconhecida, abaixo da qual encontra-se o mionema. 6 - O septo que separa o proto do deutomerito é constituído por espêssa camada de mionemas incluindo numerosas mitocôndrias. 7 - O endoplasma é extremamente rico em granulações de paraglicogênio, aparecendo em menor quantidade os lipídeos. Observamos também mitocôndrias, retículo endoplasmático e o complexo de Golgi.

Tomato response to a high light transmission greenhouse film

Increasing greenhouse light transmission has a positive effect not only in Northern latitudes but in Mediterranean countries as well. A greenhouse, H2, with a tetrafluoroethylene copolymer 60 microns film, (Asahi Glass company, Aflex) characterised by its high light transmission and durability was compared to another greenhouse with a co-extruded film considered as a control, H1. Tomato crop response to the increase in light during winter and summer with high temperature and light was evaluated. Light transmission in H2 remained very high in spite of the observed dust accumulation and the low angle of incidence of the winter solar radiation. Transmissivity was clearly higher for H2 (81 to 83 % throughout the season) than in the control (around 63 %). The rest of the climatic parameters were similar in both greenhouses, either in the winter or in the summer evaluations. In spite of the high solar radiation in H2, the summer temperature could be maintained at the desired levels by using evaporative cooling. Accumulated tomato yield and quality was better in the H2 greenhouse (15 % more for the winter crop and 27% more for the summer crop). Fruit size was bigger in the winter crop. As an overall conclusion, the use of high light transmissive films in Mediterranean areas is very convenient for many vegetable crops. This is valid not only in winter but in summer, provided the greenhouse has good ventilation or evaporative cooling to overcome the increase in sensible heat caused by this increase in light..

Segunda contribuição sobre as alterações ultra-estruturais dos hepatócitos na forma aguda (toxêmica) da esquistossomose mansoni

Estudamos as alterações ultra-estruturais dos hepatócitos na forma aguda, toxêmica, da esquistossomose, em cinco pacientes, membros de uma mesma família infectados em idênticas condições em um córrego existente próximo da lagoa de Pampulha, em Belo Horizonte (MG), e não tratados especificamente para a esquistossomose. Este estudo confirma os dados obtidos em trabalho anterior, em sete pacientes infectados no Município de Sabara (MG). Nos cinco casos, as alterações ultra-estruturais foram inespecíficas, pouco acentuadas, embora mais intensas do que as observadas anteriormente, e se caracterizaram sobretudo pelas modificações das organelas citoplasmáticas, explicando o freqüente encontro de células claras a microscopia óptica. A identificação de alguns granulomas a microscopia eletrônica permitiu verificar que estes mostram, no exstudato, granulócitos eosinófilos, macrófagos, plasmócitos, células epitelióides e mastócitos. Entre as células havia material amorfo e finos feixes de colágeno.

Orientation to light of juvenile and adult forms of melanic and albino populations of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)

The process of light orientation by the snail Biomphalaria glabrata was studied using the selection technique in a Y-shaped aquarium under vertical or horizontal lighting schemes. Snail behavior was measured on the basis of distance (cm) covered per hour, direction of locomotion, and localization of the animal in the aquarium. A comparison was made of the action of the light stimulus on young and adult animals of albino populations from Santa Luzia (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil) and of a melanic population from Touros (State of Rio Grande do Norte) studied in groups and separately. All groups studied were attracted to light. Analysis of the data suggests the exitence of two orientation mechanisms with respect to light in these animals, i.e. high photo-orthokinesia and positive phototaxis, which influence their motion in the environment. This evidence permitted us to discuss features of the distribution dynamics of these mollusks in the environment and their relationship with the larval phases of Schistosoma mansoni, for which they act as intermediated hosts.

Orientation of the snail Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) in response to light in a situation of selection

The behavioral response of Biomphalaria straminea to light was evaluted in terms of location of the snail in a Y-shaped aquarium in a situation of selection and of the rate (cm/hour) and direction of locomotion under homogeneous 9vertical) or differential (horizontal) lighting upon only one arm of the aquarium. The light source consisted of daylight fluorescent lamps with a spectrum close to that of natural light, with illumination varying from 28 to 350 lux. Analysis of the data showed that all animals, whether in groups or isolated, were attracted to light, although the time needed to approach the light source was 50% shorter for the former than for the latter. The rate of locomotion of B. straminea was 35% higher than observed in B. glabrata and 51% higher than that observed in B. tenagophila studied under similar conditions. The results are discussed in terms of social factors and geographical distribution of the three species.

Ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for screening of doping agents. II: Analysis of biological samples.

The potential and applicability of UHPSFC-MS/MS for anti-doping screening in urine samples were tested for the first time. For this purpose, a group of 110 doping agents with diverse physicochemical properties was analyzed using two separation techniques, namely UHPLC-MS/MS and UHPSFC-MS/MS in both ESI+ and ESI- modes. The two approaches were compared in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, linearity and matrix effects. As expected, very diverse retentions and selectivities were obtained in UHPLC and UHPSFC, proving a good complementarity of these analytical strategies. In both conditions, acceptable peak shapes and MS detection capabilities were obtained within 7min analysis time, enabling the application of these two methods for screening purposes. Method sensitivity was found comparable for 46% of tested compounds, while higher sensitivity was observed for 21% of tested compounds in UHPLC-MS/MS and for 32% in UHPSFC-MS/MS. The latter demonstrated a lower susceptibility to matrix effects, which were mostly observed as signal suppression. In the case of UHPLC-MS/MS, more serious matrix effects were observed, leading typically to signal enhancement and the matrix effect was also concentration dependent, i.e., more significant matrix effects occurred at the lowest concentrations.

Differential effect of long versus short wavelength light exposure on pupillary re-dilation in patients with outer retinal disease.

BACKGROUND: In patients with outer retinal degeneration, a differential pupil response to long wavelength (red) versus short wavelength (blue) light stimulation has been previously observed. The goal of this study was to quantify differences in the pupillary re-dilation following exposure to red versus blue light in patients with outer retinal disease and compare them with patients with optic neuropathy and with healthy subjects. DESIGN: Prospective comparative cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three patients with outer retinal disease, 13 patients with optic neuropathy and 14 normal subjects. METHODS: Subjects were tested using continuous red and blue light stimulation at three intensities (1, 10 and 100 cd/m2) for 13 s per intensity. Pupillary re-dilation dynamics following the brightest intensity was analysed and compared between the three groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The parameters of pupil re-dilation used in this study were: time to recover 90% of baseline size; mean pupil size at early and late phases of re-dilation; and differential re-dilation time for blue versus red light. RESULTS: Patients with outer retinal disease showed a pupil that tended to stay smaller after light termination and thus had a longer time to recovery. The differential re-dilation time was significantly greater in patients with outer retinal disease (median = 28.0 s, P < 0.0001) compared with controls and patients with optic neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS: A differential response of pupil re-dilation following red versus blue light stimulation is present in patients with outer retinal disease but is not found in normal eyes or among patients with visual loss from optic neuropathy.