TRATAMENTO DE SEMENTES DE ARROZ, TRIGO, FEIJÃO E SOJA COM UM PRODUTO FORMULADO À BASE DE CÉLULAS E DE METABÓLITOS DE Bacillus subtilis

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Interação silício-imidacloprid no comportamento biológico e alimentar de Schizaphis Graminum (Rond.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em plantas de trigo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação dos efeitos de doses de triadimenol e de tebuconazole sobre o crescimento do mesocótilo em plântulas de trigo

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Anahuac cultivar, were treated with six triadimenol (0,0; 12,5; 25,0; 37,5; 50,0 and 62,5 g of a.i./100 kg of seeds) and tebuconazole (0,0; 7,5; 15,0; 22,5 30,0 and 37,5 g of a.i./100 kg of seeds) dosis to reduce the subcrown internode length and then to deep the point of emission of adventitious roots. Seeds were seeded in pots with soil, with 5 cm of depth and after two weeks the seedlings number was counted and the subcrown internode length (CM) was evaluated. The CM may be represented by the equations: a) CM = 4,49 - 0,1779 x + 0,002161 x2 (r2 = 0,9247); b) CM = 4,62 - 0,29948 y + 0,006480 y3 - 0,00004622 y3 (r2 = 0,9551), where ''x'' and ''y'' represent tebuconazole and triadimenol dosis, respectively. The CM showed minimum values for triadimenol dosis equal to or higher than 37,5 g a.i./100 kg of seeds and for tebuconazole decreased continuously with the increase of the product dosis, showing values near to 1 cm for the maximum dosis. The triadimenol allowed, at suitable dosis, almost total inhibition of the wheat seedlings subcrown internode with no effects on seedling emergence and initial growth.

Efeito da irrigação na produtividade da cultura do trigo

Estudou-se o efeito da irrigação na produtividade final da cultura do trigo por meio de um ensaio, com duração variável do período em que foram feitas as irrigações. Todos os períodos tiveram início na data do plantio. O ensaio foi instalado em Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, em Latossolo Roxo, plano, de baixada, sem adubação e sem calagem, usando a cultivar BH 1146. A cultura se desenvolveu sob boas condições climáticas, tendo completado o ciclo de 118 dias. Correlacionou-se a produtividade final da cultura com a água aplicada em períodos com durações que variaram de 20 a 110 dias. Foram obtidas 49 equações lineares simples entre a altura de água aplicada e a produtividade de grifos de trigo. Estudou-se a variação da produtividade da cultura para aumentos de 1 mm na altura de água aplicada nos períodos referidos, encontrando-se uma variação de 767.7% na taxa de aproveitamento da água. Analisou-se o incremento de produtividade da cultura para a aplicação de 1 mm de altura d'água em cada dez dias de duração do período considerado. Os incrementos de produtividade apresentaram uma variação de 600,5%. Por fim, estimou-se o nível de irrigação necessário para atingir determinados níveis de produtividade de trigo.

Cultivares de trigo submetidas a déficit hídrico no início do florescimento, em casa de vegetação

The water restriction can damage the performance of crops, especially in the flowering period. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the response of genotypes of wheat submitted to water deficit in the beginning of flowering. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme 3 x 2, with five replications. The factors studied were: three wheat cultivars (Coodetec (CD) 105, 108 and 111) and 2 irrigation managements (with and without imposition of water deficit). During the period of water deficit imposition, gravimetric soil moisture and the relative content of water in leaf were evaluated, while at the moment of rehydration the biometric variables were determined. At the end of the crop cycle the components of production were evaluated. Reduction was found in the gravimetric soil moisture, in the relative levels of water and in all biometric variables, in function of the water deficit. The grain production showed difference only among the water regimes, in which the cultivar CD 111 is more efficient in the maintenance of the productive potential in conditions of water deficit, through the quick recovery in the relative content of water in leaves.

Farelo de trigo e complexo enzimático na alimentação de poedeiras semipesadas na fase de produção

The study was carried out with the objective to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of the wheat bran (WB) with or without supplementation of an enzymatic complex (EC) on the performance of semi-heavy hens in the egg-production phase. A total of 288 Lohmann Brown pullets were used, distributed to a completely randomized design in 4 x 2 factorial arrangement, composed by four WB levels (0, 3, 6 and 9%) in the ration and enzymatic complex supplementation (0 or 100g/100 kg diet), with eight treatments and six replicates of six birds. The enzymatic complex contained the enzymes beta-galactosidase, galactomananase, xilanase and alpha-glucanase. Feed intake, final body weight, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, egg mass feed conversion or egg dozen feed conversion was not affected by WB inclusion in the diets. Egg shell specific gravity deteriorated as WB levels increase in the diets. None of the characteristics was affected by the enzymatic complex supplementation, except for egg weight, that improved from 62.74 to 64.28 g. Then, the use up to 9.0% of wheat bran in the ration is recommended for semi-heavily chickens in the production phase. The supplementation of alpha-galactosidase, galactomannanase, xylanase and alpha-glucanase improve egg weight.

Expansao das lavouras de soja e trigo no Estado de São Paulo

Shows the viability of using the Trend Surface Analysis (TSA) in studies of the distribution of items of geographical interest in time and space; tests comparatively the techniques of cartographic representation conventionally used in TSA. It follows that the TSA offers more resources for analyses of the spatial items behaviour than the techniques commonly employed for the same purpose.- English summary

Características físicas e fisiológicas na qualidade industrial de cultivares e linhagens de trigo e triticale

The physical, physiological and rheological characteristics of cultivars and lines of wheat CD (COODETEC) 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111 and CD 2017 and CDFAPA 2036 lines and triticale (EMBRAPA 53), for quality of flour for bread making were studied. The weight of hectliter (HW), weight of thousand grains (WTG), percentage of germination, total protein and farinography, in a completely randomized experimental design, with four repetitions, except the farinography (with two repetitions) were analyzed. The means obtained were compared by the Scott Knott test at 5%. The cultivars were different regarding the tested parameters. The PH value were compatible for commercialization, but not always the higher PH value corresponded to the greater weight of thousand grains. Only the CD 108 and 111 cultivars may be destine for French bread considering the stability parameter. About the index of tolerance for the mixture, the cultivars and lines were not different, but only the flour of 2017 line would attend the values that were established for French bread-making and fermented cookies. The CD 104, 108 and 11 cultivars and the CD 2017 and CDFAPA 2036 line obtained the ideal index also for fermented cookies. The cultivars which presented better weight of thousand grain gave the best index of tolerance for the mixture. There was no positive relation between total protein and the farinography.

Efeito da densidade de semeadura e de reguladores vegetais sobre os caracteres morfofisiológicos da folha bandeira do trigo

The objective of this work was to study the morphological and physiological characteristics of the wheat flag leaf as affected by increasing sowing densities and plant growth regulators application. The experimental design was a split-plot with completely randomized blocks and four replications. Plots were consisted by four sowing densities (30, 50 70 and 90 plants m-1) and the split-plots by plant growth regulators: a product composed by auxin+gebberellin+cytokinin (Ax+GA+CK), Trinexapac-Ethyl e (Ax+GA+CK) + Trinexapac-Ethyl, and a control without application. Dry mass accumulation, plant height, morphological characteristics, SPAD index, nitrogen and photosynthetic pigments contents in the flag leaf were determined. The increase in the sowing density resulted in lower dry mass accumulation and SPAD index of the flag leaves. Trinexapac-Ethyl caused increase in the SPAD index, but the chlorophyll content of the flag leaf was reduced. The SPAD index values were more correlated with the nitrogen than the chlorophyll contents. Ax+GA+CK did not affect flag leaf characteristics in wheat plants.

Estimación de la mortalidad adulta a partir de la información sobre la estructura por edad de las muertes: aplicación a datos de San Felipe en torno a 1787

Incluye Bibliografía

Adult mortality estimate based on information on age structure of deaths, and application to data for San Felipe around 1787

Includes bibliography

Formas de ureia e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de trigo

Besides increasing productivity, nitrogen fertilization may have positives effects on seed physiological quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different forms and levels of urea in top dressing fertilization on the physiological quality of wheat seed genotypes. Seeds of three wheat genotypes (BRS 208, BRS Pardela and IWT 04008) were evaluated for four levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg.ha-1) in three forms of urea (conventional urea, urea with urease inhibitor and protected urea). The nitrogen fertilization was applied during tillering, 20 days after emergence. The seed nitrogen content, 1000 seed mass, germination and vigor (germination first count, cold test, seedling emergence in the field, dry weight of seedlings, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity) were evaluated. The IWT 04008 line and the cultivar BRS Pardela had seeds with a higher physiological quality than those of the cultivar BRS 208. The forms of urea and levels of nitrogen in topdressing did not affect seed physiological quality of the different wheat genotypes.

Estimacion de la mortalidad adulta a partir de informacion sobre la estructura por edades de las muertes: aplicaciones a datos de San Felipe en torno a 1787

Incluye Bibliografía

Resposta de cultivares de trigo ao nitrogênio com e sem tratamento fúngico

The fungicide can enhance response of nitrogen fertilization on wheat crop, since the application of higher N rates can provide better conditions for the development of some diseases. The present study investigated the effects of different nitrogen doses and fungicide application in preventive character on the yield of two cultivars of wheat irrigated, in Savannah conditions. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria - MS, in a Distrophic Red Latosol (Typic Haplustox). Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, in a 4x2x2 factorial scheme: four N rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1), topdressing at the early boot stage as urea, two wheat cultivars (IAC 24 and IAC 370), and with and without fungicide application (Tebuconazole and Triciclazol), with four replications. The cultivars IAC 24 and IAC 370 present similar grain yield. The increase of N doses influences the mass hectoliter negatively and the leaf N content and number of ears per m2 positively. The increment of N doses increase the grain yield up to dose of 116 kg ha -1 of N, regardless of cultivar and of the fungicide application in preventive character, due to non occurrence of diseases in the experiment.

Perfilhamento do trigo em função da aplicação de regulador vegetal

Tillers survival and yield potential are genetically determined and strongly influenced by environmental conditions during the emission and establishment stage. This experiment was carried in order to study effects of application of growth regulator (Ax+GA+CK) on tiller survival and yield potential of wheat. The experiment was carried out from March to July 2010. A 2 × 2 factorial randomized block design with five replications was used. Two wheat cultivars (IAC 370 and IAC 375) and application or not of Ax+GA+CK at the beginning of tillering stage were evaluated. Tiller emission were evaluated at five ages (19, 26, 33, 40 e 47 days after emergence) and yield components were determined by each individual structure evaluation, comparing to the main stem. Growth regulator application improved the tiller survival when emitted in the first week after application. Tiller yield potential decreased in late emission periods of tillers in both cultivars tested, influenced by different traits of each cultivar. IAC 370 showed higher tiller emission, however, the number of viable tillers were higher for the IAC 375.