The impact of the withdrawal from Afghanistan on Russia’s security. Egmont Security Policy Brief No. 54, March 2014

ISAF’s withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2014 will directly impact the wider region. Not only is there a risk of instability spilling over to Central Asia, but the drawdown will also accelerate the ongoing shift in the balance of power in Central Asia towards China. Should a spillover occur, the burden will mainly fall on Russia and China. Russia will, however, only continue playing the dominant role in the security of the former Soviet Central Asia (FSCA) until China takes on responsibility for the security of its direct sphere of influence or “dingwei”. Russia’s Near Abroad, however, overlaps both with the EU’s Eastern Neighbourhood in Europe and China’s dingwei in Central Asia and the Far East. It is, therefore, necessary to approach Russian reactions to these encroachments on its historical spheres of influence in a single context, taking into account the interrelationship between these three.

Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and nicotine withdrawal: a qualitative study of patient perceptions

Background: Nicotine use has been reported to ameliorate symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Furthermore, adults with ADHD have a relatively high prevalence of cigarette smoking and greater difficulty abstaining from smoking. Overall, though, there is scant literature investigating the beliefs, perceptions and experiences of smokers with ADHD regarding smoking cessation and withdrawal. Methods: Our participants (n = 20) fulfilling criteria for ADHD and a past or current dependence from nicotine were recruited from the in- and outpatient clinic of the Zurich University Psychiatric Hospital and the Psychiatric Services Aargau (Switzerland). We conducted in-depth interviews to explore their motivations to quit, past experiences with and expectations about quitting using a purposeful sampling plan. The sample was selected to provide diversity in relation to level of nicotine dependence, participation in a smoking-cessation program, gender, age, martial status and social class. Mayring’s qualitative content analysis approach was used to evaluate findings. Results: Adult smokers with ADHD had made several attempts to quit, experienced intense withdrawal symptoms, and relapsed early and often. They also often perceived a worsening of ADHD symptoms with nicotine abstinence. We identified three motives to quit smoking: 1) health concerns, 2) the feeling of being addicted, and 3) social factors. Most participants favored a smoking cessation program specifically designed for individuals with ADHD because they thought ADHD complicated their nicotine withdrawal and that an ADHD-specific smoking cessation program should address specific symptoms of this disorder. Conclusions: Since treatment initiation and adherence associate closely with perception, we hope these findings will result in better cessation interventions for the vulnerable subgroup of smokers with ADHD. Keywords: ADHD, Nicotine, Withdrawal, Subjective, Qualitative, Narrative

Hearing; in the matter of the minimum wage recommendations of Special Industry Committee no. 17-D for the tobacco industry in Puerto Rico. September 6-8, 1955. Reporter: James A. Brownlee.

Mode of access: Internet.

Occupational employment survey booklet of definitions : food and tobacco products industry.

"BLS-2877 220."

Tobacco alkaloids.

A reprint from Vegetable alkaloids ... by Amé Pictet, rendered into English, by H.C. Biddle.

Treating tobacco use and dependence /

"This guideline is an updated version of the 1996 Smoking Cessation Clinical Practice Guideline No. 18."--P. ii.

The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke : a report of the Surgeon General : executive summary.

Shipping list no.: 2006-0270-P.

Tobacco effects in the mouth : a National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Dental Research guide for health professionals /

NIH publication no. 92-3330.

Review of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's change in procedure concerning sales of commodities through the Export Credit Guarantee Program and the Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program [microform] : hearing before the Subcommittee on Tobacco and Peanuts of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, October 6, 1988.

"Serial no. 100-113."

Major local tobacco control ordinances in the United States.

"National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute"--P. [1] of cover