Mersey & Weaver Fisheries Advisory Committee 21st June, 1978

This is the report from the Mersey and Weaver Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 21st June, 1978. It covers information on the monitoring of radioactivity in migratory fish, fishing offences and prosecutions and the income from sale of rod and line licences. It also includes the report by the area fisheries officer on river conditions and fishing, and an update on Tintwistle hatchery and Worthington Stock Pools. Included in this report is also the pollution incidents, fish mortalities, fisheries management and the stocking numbers of coarse fish, brown trout and rainbow trout by the Angling Associations. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Presenteísmo na enfermagem: repercussões para a saúde do trabalhador e a organização hospitalar

O presente estudo tem como objeto o presenteísmo em trabalhadores de enfermagem e as repercussões para a saúde do trabalhador e para a organização do trabalho. Considerando a natureza do objeto e as questões norteadoras, elaboraram-se os seguintes objetivos: Identificar a visão dos trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital geral sobre o presenteísmo na enfermagem; descrever os fatores que contribuem para o presenteísmo em trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital geral; e analisar as repercussões do presenteísmo para a saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem e para o processo de trabalho hospitalar. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e protocolado com o número 419.673. Optou-se pelo método qualitativo do tipo exploratório e descritivo. O campo foi um hospital universitário situado no município do Rio de Janeiro. Participaram do estudo 39 trabalhadores de enfermagem (vinte e cinco técnicos de enfermagem e quatorze enfermeiros) lotados nas unidades de internação clínica. Na coleta dos dados, trabalhou-se com a técnica de entrevista do tipo semiestruturada mediante um roteiro, sendo os dados obtidos no mês de dezembro de 2013. Na caracterização dos entrevistados, utilizou-se um instrumento autoaplicado. No tratamento dos depoimentos recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo do tipo temática, que apontou os seguintes resultados: os participantes do estudo identificaram o presenteísmo no ambiente laboral, pelo fato de terem vários trabalhadores que comparecem ao serviço com problemas de saúde crônicos e agudos, que afetam a dinâmica e a qualidade do serviço ofertado. Diante desta realidade laboral, os trabalhadores se posicionam no sentido de manter a coesão grupal e acolher o trabalhador. No entanto, existe insatisfação por parte do grupo por se sentir sobrecarregado diante das demandas dos pacientes e demais atividades, sendo a qualidade do serviço afetada. Sobre os fatores que contribuem para o presenteísmo, identificou-se a precarização da força de trabalho, o comprometimento profissional com a instituição e os aspectos psicossociais; ou seja, fatores externos ao trabalho. Quanto às repercussões do presenteísmo para a saúde do trabalhador e o processo de trabalho, evidenciou-se que o presenteísmo é um fator que piora o estado de saúde do trabalhador, com necessidade de afastamento temporário do posto de trabalho e procura por atendimento médico durante o expediente. Como não há substituição de pessoal, a equipe tem de se reorganizar para atender as demandas de cunho técnico e assistencial, gerando conflitos no grupo. Conclui-se que, na visão dos trabalhadores o presenteísmo além de contribuir para a piora do estado de saúde do trabalhador, afeta negativamente o relacionamento interpessoal e a qualidade do serviço ofertado. Há necessidade de se diagnosticar e monitorar as condições de saúde dos trabalhadores por parte do Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional, através de exames admissionais e periódicos, de modo que sejam garantidos tratamento e acompanhamento adequados ao estado de saúde. Ratifica-se a relevância de condições de trabalho adequadas e que não exponham ainda mais os trabalhadores aos riscos presentes no ambiente laboral. Recomenda-se a continuidade de estudos sobre o presenteísmo tendo em vista o atual modelo neoliberal e o processo de precarização da força de trabalho no setor saúde.

West Cumbria Special Fisheries Advisory Group 25th June, 1982.

This is the report from the West Cumbria Special Fisheries Advisory Group meeting, which was held on the 25th June, 1982. The report contains sections on the Application by British Nuclear Fuels Limited (BNFL) for a temporary licence to abstract additional quantities from Wastwater, and River Derwent Abstraction (Prescribed Flows). The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

West Cumbria Special Fisheries Advisory Group 28th July, 1982

This is the report from the West Cumbria Special Fisheries Advisory Group meeting, which was held on the 28th July, 1982. The report contains sections on minutes of the meeting held on the 25th June, 1982, Application by British Nuclear Fuels Limited (BNFL) for a temporary licence to abstract additional quantities from Wastwater, and River Derwent Abstraction (Prescribed Flows) and fisheries implications. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee 14th September, 1987

This is the report from the Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 14th September, 1987. The report contains information on Haweswater hatchery, River Eden draft netting, Fishery Byelaws, Haaf Net Limitation Order for the Solway Firth, Sea Fisheries Byelaws, River Caldew Weirs, serious fish mortalities, and the abolition of the coarse fish close season in enclosed waters. The section on River Caldew Weirs looks at the construction of fish passes at three weirs on the River Caldew to let migratory fish species reach the upper parts of the river. The section on serious fish mortalities covers information on the River Weaver, three pools system in Southport, Macclesfield Canal in Congleton, and River Eden, Appleby. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee 17th October, 1988

This is the report from the Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 17th October, 1988. The report contains sections on fisheries byelaws, sea fisheries byelaws, and serious fish mortalities. This section looks at some of the incidents which resulted in the loss of fish such as the River Tame, Stalybridge; Three Pools Waterway, Southport; River Weaver, Winsford to Vale Royal; River Weaver, Nantwich; Colton Beck, Greenodd; River Ribble, Calder Foot to Preston; Trawden Beck and Colne Water. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Ecology and growth of juvenile California spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus (Randall)

ABSTRACT TRANSCRIBED FROM ENGLE'S PH.D. ORAL DEFENSE PAMPHLET: The natural history of juvenile California spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus (Randall), was investigated, with primary emphasis placed on ascertaining juvenile habitats, determining juvenile growth rates and component growth processes, and evaluating ecological and behavioral phenomena associated with juvenile survival and growth. Habitat surveys of island and mainland localities throughout southern and lower California revealed that small, greenish juveniles typically inhabit crevices or temporary burrows in 0-4m deep, wave-swept rocky habitats covered by dense beds of surf grass, Phyllospadix torreyi S. Watson. Phyllospadix beds were more abundant on gradually sloping rocky mainland beaches than on steeply sloping island shores. Phyllospadix abundance was positively correlated with P. interruptus abundance; however, at Santa Catalina Island, the Phyllospadix habitat was not extensive enough to be the sole lobster nursery. In laboratory tests, puerulus larvae and early juveniles chose Phyllospadix over rubble rocks or broad-bladed kelp, but did not consistently prefer Phyllospadix over reticulate algae. Ecology, growth, and behavior of juvenile P. interruptus inhabiting a discrete Phyllospadix habitat at Bird Rock, Santa Catalina Island, were investigated from October 1974 through December 1976 by means of frequent scuba surveys. Pueruli settled from June to November. Peak recruitment occurred from July to September, when seasonal temperatures were maximal. Settled larvae were approximately one year old. Juvenile growth was determined by size-frequency, single molt increment, mark-recapture, and laboratory culture studies. Carapace length vs. wet weight relationships fit standard power curve equations. Bird Rock juveniles grew from 7 to 32mm CL in 10-11 molts and from 32 to 56mm CL in 5-6 molts during their first and second benthic years, respectively. Growth rates were similar for males and females. Juveniles regenerating more than two limbs grew less per molt than intact lobsters. Long-term growth of laboratory-reared juveniles was 20% less than that of field lobsters. Growth component multiple regression analyses demonstrated that molt increment was directly proportional to premolt size and temperature for age 1+ lobsters. Molt frequency was inversely proportional to size and directly proportional to temperature. Temperature affected age 2+ lobsters similarly, but molt increment was independent of size, and molt frequency declined at a different rate. Juvenile growth rates more than doubled during warm water months compared to cold water months, primarily because of increased molt frequency. Based on results from this study and from previous investigations, it is estimated that P. interruptus males and females become sexually mature by ages 4 and 5 years, respectively, and that legai size is reached by 7 or 8 years of age. Juvenile P. interruptus activity patterns and foraging behavior were similar to those of adults, except that juvenile home ranges were proportionally smaller, and small juveniles were apparently not attracted to distant food. Small mollusks, abundant in Phyllospadix habitats, were the major food items. Size-dependent predation by fish and octopus apparently caused the considerable juvenile mortality observed at Bird Rock. Juveniles approaching 2 years of age gathered in mixed size-class aggregations by day and foraged beyond the grass beds at night. In autumn, these juveniles migrated to deeper habitats, coincident with new puerulus settlement in the Phyllospadix beds. Based on strong inferences from the results, it is proposed that size-dependent predation is the most important factor determining the !ife history strategy of juvenile P. interruptus. Life history tactics promoting rapid growth apparently function dually in reducing the period of high vulnerability to predation and decreasing the time required to reach sexual maturity. The Phyllospadix habitat is an excellent lobster nursery because it provides shelter from predators and possesses abundant food resources for sustaining optimum juvenile growth rates in shallow, warm water.

Estudo do perfil salivar proteico de crianças obesas pré-púberes com foco nas alterações de mediadores da metainflamação

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar na saliva de crianças pré-púberes obesas, em comparação com crianças eutróficas, a presença de possíveis diferenças na expressão de mediadores proteicos relacionados à metainflamação através de um estudo observacional transversal. Foram selecionadas 105 crianças pré-púberes com idade entre 5 e 9 anos, sem quaisquer outros comprometimentos sistêmicos ou bucais sendo realizada a mensuração do comprimento da circunferência da cintura (CC), além do peso e estatura para cálculo do IMC e seu escore Z (zscore IMC), de forma a compor 3 grupos: EU - eutrofia (-2SD≤ zscore IMC≤1SD), SP - sobrepeso (1SD < zscore IMC < 2SD) e OB obesidade (zscore IMC ≥ 2SD). Após o exame médico e odontológico foi feita a coleta de sangue e de saliva total não estimulada, de forma protocolada. Amostras séricas e salivares foram analisadas, individualmente, para a dosagem de IL1β, IL6, IL8. IL10, IL12p70, TNFα, MCP1, leptina, grelina e insulina, por Multiplex e adiponectina total e de alto peso molecular (adipoHMW), por ELISA. Além disso, as amostras séricas foram utilizadas para o delineamento hemodinâmico dos pacientes. As amostras salivares de EU e OB foram também analisadas em pools por espectrometria de massa (MS) e a presença de algumas proteínas foi validada por imunoblotting, para a comparação do perfil salivar proteico. As concentrações dos analitos foram comparadas tanto entre os grupos (teste de Kruswall-Wallis), como em relação ao zscore IMC e ao CC (Correlação de Spearman ou Pearson). Dos 12 analitos, somente a adipoHMW não foi detectada em nenhuma das amostras salivares. Na comparação OBxEU houve aumento na concentração total de proteínas salivares, da insulina e leptina sérica e salivar e do MCP1, além de diminuição da adiponectina sérica total e de adipoHMW e uma menor relação adiponectina/leptina (A/L) no grupo OB. As principais correlações obtidas com o zscore IMC foram com as concentrações séricas e salivares de insulina e leptina (positivas) e com a relação A/L (negativa), observando-se também a correlação negativa com a adiponectina total e adipoHMW séricas. Na comparação entre as concentrações séricas e salivares, foi possível detectar correlação positiva entre as dosagens de insulina e leptina, assim como com os valores da relação A/L. Na análise proteômica por MS foram identificadas 670 proteínas, sendo 163 delas com expressão diferenciada na saliva de OB em relação a EU. Dentre estas, encontram-se alteradas proteínas relacionadas à resposta inflamatória humoral, em especial com a via alternativa do sistema complemento e do metabolismo redox. Foram selecionadas três destas proteínas para validação por imunoblotting, que confirmou o aumento do Fator H e a diminuição do Fator B e da tioredoxina na saliva de OB em relação a EU. Considerando os resultados, podemos verificar que embora com menores concentrações absolutas dos mediadores, a saliva mostrou praticamente as mesmas associações observadas no sangue, em especial para a insulina, leptina e relação A/L, sendo possível admitir que a análise salivar venha a ser um bom método diagnóstico não invasivo para a obesidade infantil.

Annual report 2007 - North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES). Sixteenth meeting, Victoria, Canada, October 26-November 5, 2007

Report of Opening Session (p. 1). Report of Governing Council (p. 15). Report of the Finance and Administration Committee (p. 65). Reports of Science Board and Committees: Science Board Inter-Sessional Meeting (p. 83); Science Board (p. 93); Biological Oceanography Committee (p. 105); Fishery Science Committee (p. 117); Marine Environmental Quality Committee (p. 129); Physical Oceanography and Climate Committee (p. 139); Technical Committee on Data Exchange (p. 145); Technical Committee on Monitoring (p. 153). Reports of Sections, Working and Study Groups: Section on Carbon and Climate (p. 161); Section on Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms in the North Pacific (p. 167); Working Group 19 on Ecosystem-based Management Science and its Application to the North Pacific (p. 173); Working Group 20 on Evaluations of Climate Change Projections (p. 179); Working Group 21 on Non-indigenous Aquatic Species (p. 183); Study Group to Develop a Strategy for GOOS (p. 193); Study Group on Ecosystem Status Reporting (p. 203); Study Group on Marine Aquaculture and Ranching in the PICES Region (p. 213); Study Group on Scientific Cooperation between PICES and Non-member Countries (p. 225). Reports of the Climate Change and Carrying Capacity Program: Implementation Panel on the CCCC Program (p. 229); CFAME Task Team (p. 235); MODEL Task Team (p. 241). Reports of Advisory Panels: Advisory Panel for a CREAMS/PICES Program in East Asian Marginal Seas (p. 249); Advisory Panel on Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey in the North Pacific (p. 253); Advisory Panel on Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Subarctic Pacific Ocean (p. 255); Advisory Panel on Marine Birds and Mammals (p. 261); Advisory Panel on Micronekton Sampling Inter-calibration Experiment (p. 265). 2007 Review of PICES Publication Program (p. 269). Guidelines for PICES Temporary Expert Groups (p. 297). Summary of Scientific Sessions and Workshops (p. 313). Report of the ICES/PICES Conference for Early Career Scientists (p. 355). Membership (p. 367). Participants (p. 387). PICES Acronyms (p. 413). Acronyms (p. 415).

Synthesis of aquaculture policy and development approaches in Africa

The WorldFish Center was tasked to undertake a study to access, collate and develop background materials to produce an internationally linked and Africa-wide perspective on sectorally relevant policy issues. The specific objective of the study was to assess and define conditions and impact pathways, in Africa or elsewhere, where markets, policies, resources and technologies have combined to promote steady and sustainable growth of aquaculture, and where have been clear direct impacts on food supply, income, employment and consumption opportunities, as well as increase in supply that has led to stabilised prices. The study was also aimed at providing guidelines for scaling up the implementation of the synthesis study via Afri-FishNet (CAADP Fish Expert Pools) at the national and regional levels.

Global analysis of mRNA half-lives and de novo transcription in a dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis

Dinoflagellates possess many physiological processes that appear to be under post-transcriptional control. However, the extent to which their genes are regulated post-transcriptionally remains unresolved. To gain insight into the roles of differential mRNA stability and de novo transcription in dinoflagellates, we biosynthetically labeled RNA with 4-thiouracil to isolate newly transcribed and pre-existing RNA pools in Karenia brevis. These isolated fractions were then used for analysis of global mRNA stability and de novo transcription by hybridization to a K. brevis microarray. Global K. brevis mRNA half-lives were calculated from the ratio of newly transcribed to pre-existing RNA for 7086 array features using the online software HALO (Half-life Organizer). Overall, mRNA half-lives were substantially longer than reported in other organisms studied at the global level, ranging from 42 minutes to greater than 144 h, with a median of 33 hours. Consistent with well-documented trends observed in other organisms, housekeeping processes, including energy metabolism and transport, were significantly enriched in the most highly stable messages. Shorter-lived transcripts included a higher proportion of transcriptional regulation, stress response, and other response/regulatory processes. One such family of proteins involved in post-transcriptional regulation in chloroplasts and mitochondria, the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, had dramatically shorter half-lives when compared to the arrayed transcriptome. As transcript abundances for PPR proteins were previously observed to rapidly increase in response to nutrient addition, we queried the newly synthesized RNA pools at 1 and 4 h following nitrate addition to N-depleted cultures. Transcriptome-wide there was little evidence of increases in the rate of de novo transcription during the first 4 h, relative to that in N-depleted cells, and no evidence for increased PPR protein transcription. These results lend support to the growing consensus of post-transcriptional control of gene expression in dinoflagellates.

Reproductive biology of male franciscanas (Pontoporia blainvillei) (Mammalia: Cetacea) from Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil

The reproductive biology of male franciscanas (Pontoporia blainvillei), based on 121 individuals collected in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil, was studied. Estimates on age, length, and weight at attainment of sexual maturity are presented. Data on the reproductive seasonality and on the relationship between some testicular characteristics and age, size, and maturity status are provided. Sexual maturity was assessed by histological examination of the testes. Seasonality was determined by changes in relative and total testis weight, and in seminiferous tubule diameters. Testis weight, testicular index of maturity, and seminiferous tubule diameters were reliable indicators of sexual maturity, whereas testis length, age, length, and weight of the dolphin were not. Sexual maturity was estimated to be attained at 3.6 years (CI 95% =2.7–4.5) with the DeMaster method and 3.0 years with the logistic equation. Length and weight at attainment of sexual maturity were 128.2 cm (CI 95%=125.3–131.1 cm) and 26.4 kg (CI 95% =24.7–28.1 kg), respectively. It could not be verified that there was any seasonal change in the testis weight and in the seminiferous tubule diameters in mature males. It is suggested that at least some mature males may remain reproductively active throughout the year. The extremely low relative testis weight indicates that sperm competition does not occur in the species. On the other hand, the absence of secondary sexual characteristics, the reversed sexual size dimorphism, and the small number of scars from intrassexual combats in males reinforce the hypothesis that male combats for female reproductive access may be rare for franciscana. It is hypothesized that P. blainvillei form temporary pairs (one male copulating with only one female) during the reproductive period.

Bycatch of billfishes by the European tuna purse-seine fishery in the Atlantic Ocean

Billfishes are a component of offshore ecosystems; thus it is important to quantify the impact of the tuna fishery on these species in the world’s ocean. The aim of this study was to assess the bycatch of billfishes generated by the tropical tuna purse-seine fishery in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Information on bycatch was collected by observers at sea during the European Union Bigeye Program. With a total of 62 observers’ trips, conducted on Spanish and French vessels between June 1997 and May 1999, this project is the biggest observer program ever carried out in the European tuna purse-seine fishery. This study showed that billfish bycatch by the purse seiners is very low (less than 0.021% of the total tuna catches and less than 10% of the total billfish catches currently reported). A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to account for some uncertainties in the fishing strategies of purse seiners operating in this ocean. One of the findings of this study indicated that the temporary moratorium on fishing with FADs (fish aggregating devices), adopted by the European purse-seine fishery in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, produced a decrease in incidental catches of marlins from 600–700 metric tons (t) to less than 300 t. In contrast, this trend was reversed for sailfishes, for which the bycatch increased from 25 t to 45 t. The difficulty of defining indices that express the conservation status in marine fishes and that gauge key ecosystem parameters and the need to promote an ecosystem approach for large-pelagic-resource management which takes into account biologic and socioeconomic criteria are briefly discussed.

Investigação de recursos de tunideos em Moçambique de 1975 a 1984

After 1975 a large inventory work of fisheries resources began in Mozambican waters. The tuna stocks, for instance, were virtually unexplored. After 10 years roughly, the oceanographic investigations led to the temporary localization of the most favorable areas for longline fishing or surface gears.

放牧对典型草原土壤-植物系统中碳、氮、磷库特征的影响

放牧是内蒙古典型草原最主要的利用方式。放牧已对草原生态系统的结构和功能产生了巨大的影响。本论文研究了放牧对内蒙古典型草原土壤-植物系统中碳、氮、磷库特征的影响，结果表明： （1）草地开垦已使土壤C、N贮量显著损失。放牧已使羊草草原土壤C贮量表现出下降的趋势，大针茅草原没有表现出这种变化趋势。 （2）放牧尚没有使土壤全N发生显著变化，但土壤N素一些组分的比例发生了变化。放牧后，土壤NH_3-N下降，酸不溶态N比例有所提高;放牧使Fe-P比例显著降低。 （3）蒙古草原土壤微生物量C、N与土壤有机C、全N、降雨量、温度均表现出了很好的相关性。放牧对微生物量的影响与不同草原类型和放牧率有关。 （4）放牧使土壤养分元素的空间异质性加大。退化草地恢复过程中小叶锦鸡儿灌丛诱导了植物组成、生物量和土壤化学元素含量在空间上的分异，这种生态效应有利于退化草地的恢复。 （5）不同放牧强度对土壤C、N、P库和植物系统中C、N、P含量的影响不同。放牧使植物系统地上部C含量下降，N、P含量提高。高强度的放牧使土壤N、根系中的N素向表层相对聚集，表现出明显的表聚化现象。植物C/N、C/P比在中、重度放牧强度下最低，此时植物残体分解速率最高，极度放牧最终C、N循环速率减小。不考虑放牧率，研究放牧对土壤C、N、P含量的影响可能会得出矛盾的结论。 （6）放牧草地中低等植物地衣、蓝细菌在元素化学循环中的作用提高。地衣Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis （Ach.）的生物量在经度放牧草地中最高，其体内C、N含量与放牧率的关系与维管植物相似。退化草地中蓝细菌可能是最重要的N素来源。