Caracterização fenológica e produtiva da variedade de uva Superior Seedless cultivada no Vale do São Francisco

A variedade Superior Seedless, devido não somente às excelentes características morfológicas, mas também ao agradável sabor de seus frutos, tem se destacado nos últimos anos como a principal uva sem sementes cultivada no Vale do São Francisco.Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar o comportamento fenológico e produtivo da variedade de uva Superior Seedless cultivada no Vale do São Francisco. As avaliações foram realizadas em uma área comercial, durante o segundo semestre de 1999 e primeiro semestre de 2000. A variedade Superior Seedless apresentou ciclo médio de 94 dias, sendo que, quando a poda foi realizada no primeiro semestre, ocorreu uma antecipação da colheita em 14 dias. A produtividade foi muito baixa (5,3 t.ha-1), mas as características qualitativas como diâmetro e comprimento de baga, sólidos solúveis totais e acidez total titulável, atendem aos padrões exigidos pelo comercio internacional.

Secagem do resíduo industrial da acerola em leito de jorro: estudos fluidodinâmicos e análise do desempenho do secador

In this research, the drying process of acerola waste was investigated by using a spouted bed drier. The process was conducted using high density polyethylene inert particles with the objective of producing an ascorbic acid-rich final product. The fruit waste was ground and used to prepare different water-maltodextrin suspensions. Initially, fluidynamical experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the feeding effect on the spouted bed drier fluidynamics behavior. The experimental planning 23 + 3 was used to investigate the effect of the following variables: solids concentration, drying air temperature, intermittence time, production efficiency, solids retention and product losses by elutriation of fine particles on drier walls. The effect of selected independent variables on the drier stability was also evaluated based on a parameter defined as the ratio between the feed suspension volume and the total inert particles volume. Finally, the powder quality was verified in experiments with fixed feed flow and varying air drying temperature, drying air velocity and intermittence time. It was observed that the suspension interferes in the spouted bed drier fluidynamics behavior, and higher air flow is necessary to stabilize the drier. The suspension also promotes the expansion of the spouted bed diameter, decreases the solid circulation and favors the air distribution at the flush area. All variables interfere in the spouted bed performance, and the solids concentration has a major effect on the material retention and losses. The intermittence time also has great effect on the stability and material retention. When it comes to production efficiency, the main effect observed was the drying air temperature. First order models were well adjusted to retention and losses data. The acerola powder presented ascorbic acid levels around 600 to 700 mg/100g. Similar moisture and ascorbic acid levels were obtained for powders obtained by spouted bed and spray drier. However, the powder production efficiency of the spray drier was lower when compared to spouted bed drier. When it comes to energetic analysis, the spray drier process was superior. The results obtained for spouted bed drier are promising and highly dependent on the operational parameters chosen, but in general, it is inferred that this drying process is adequate for paste and suspension drying

O padre, o filósofo e o profeta : a América de Simão de Vasconcelos

To build an Portuguese America, after discovering at the beginning of XVI century, the Europeans used the physic, politic colonization and also a space ideological domain using write texts, chronicles, and started making a conceive America that was more European than American. One of those chronicles was the Society of Jesus Chronicle written by father Simão de Vasconcelos, a Jesuit. So our object is recognizing in this chronicle the ways that this father had imagined the America. We are looking to answer how the Jesuit use some references to Classic Antiquity (meanly Aristotle and Samuel) because how this action until happen in the Renascence (XVII century) the intellectual production certainly involve renascent topoi. To get this we used some authors that study Intellectual/ Cultural History like Burckhardt e Ginzburg and some authors from Speech Analyses like Certeau and Foucault, to, in the end, can understand how Simão de Vasconcelos created his Brazil

Deep barcode divergence in Brazilian freshwater fishes: the case of the Sao Francisco River basin

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Description of a new species of Pareiorhina (Siluriformes: Neoplecostominae) from Rio Sao Francisco basin

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Social and financial aspects of the artisanal fisheries of Middle Sao Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil

The presence or absence of motorized boats, partnerships and multispecies catches characterize the fisheries of Sao Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fishing activity based on 109 interviews, carried out in the wet (high water: February and March) and dry (low water: July and August) seasons, with professional fishermen are described. Aiming to identify the fishery income components, a covariance model was proposed, with the income as the response variable, related to the factors: fishing ground, use of motorized or paddle boat; seasonality; presence of fishing assistant, and the following covariates: capture in weight in the week Frier to the interview, fisherman experience in yrs; and distance (km) travelled for fishing. The results indicated that the main contributions to income were the absence of an engine (because of high price of the fuel), the absence of a partner (because of low capture) and the amount of fish caught by the fishermen.

Obtenção e uso das plantas medicinais no distrito de Martim Francisco, Município de Mogi-Mirim, SP, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A NEW SPECIES of ISCHNOCNEMA (ANURA) FROM THE SAO FRANCISCO BASIN KARST REGION, BRAZIL

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Resources Taken to the Nest by Protopolybia exigua (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in Different Phases of the Colony Cycle, in a Region of the Medio Sao Francisco River, Bahia, Brazil

The present study aimed to identify what resources were taken to the nest by workers of Protopolybia exigua (de Saussure), to verify if there is a relationship between physical factors of weather and phases of colony development and the collection of different resources and also to observe if the wasps carry macerated prey in the crop. The species collected nectar (62.8%), wood pulp for nest building (6.1%), water(2.9%), prey (0.8%) and resin (0.2%). Moreover, workers of P exigua do carry macerated prey in the crop. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.85, p = 0.0004) between the presence of larvae in the nest and the carrying of solid contents in the crop, which provides strong evidence that this species macerates its prey while still in the field, before taking it to the nest. There was positive influence of the temperature on the collection of nectar (r = 0.89, p = 0.0001) and water (r = 0.46, p = 0.0066) and negative influence of relative air humidity on the collection of the same resources (r = - 0.88, p = 0.0001 and r = - 0.37, p = 0.0160, respectively). Luminosity influenced the gathering of water (r = 0.43, p = 0.0089) and Pulp for nest building (r = 0.31, p = 0.0274) and the wind speed did nor influence the collection of any resources. Nectar is the main item taken to the nest during all phases of the colony.

Community structure of aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) in Cerrado streams of Paraguay, Paraná, and São Francisco river basins

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Testing the ecomorphological hypothesis in a headwater riffles fish assemblage of the rio São Francisco, southeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Amino Acids on Mango Yield and Fruit Quality at Submedio Sao Francisco Region, Brazil

Farmers of the Submedio Sao Francisco Region (Brazil) have been spraying amino acids on mango trees with the objective of increasing panicle length and improving fruit retention and quality. This study, done in two experiments, tested the effect of amino acids sprayings at concentrations of 0.0%; 0.02%; 0.04% and 0.06%, on mango plants, 'Tommy Atkins', on the budding phase (panicles with 5 cm), fruit set and fruit growth (5 cm diameter). They were carried out from June to October in 2003, that is the natural period for harvest in the region, and from January to May, in 2004. There were no statistical differences in the first experiment among treatments regarding panicle length and fruit production, probably due to an appropriate management of nutrition, water and plant growth regulators, besides climatic conditions, mainly temperature and solar radiation. In the second experiment, significant increments in the panicle length of 13.37%, 11.70% and 21.4% were observed with amino acids concentrations, compared to the control. Increasing amino acids doses also enhanced the number of fruits per plant, thirty days before the harvest, in 16.17%, 45.32% and 37.38%, respectively, compared to the control, but there were no significant statistical differences. Characteristics of fruit quality during storage, as weight loss, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity and pulp firmness were not significantly affected by amino acids spraying. Changes on those variables were registered as a consequence of fruit ripening. Amino acids sprays lightly delayed the evolution of skin luminosity and Hue of pulp, but the differences could not be visually identified. The concentrations of amino acids were not efficient for improving the natural concentrations of these substances in the leaves, which could be the reason for the non significant effects on the variables analyzed.

Adubação organomineral e biofertilização líquida na produção de frutos de pinheira ( Annona squamosa L.) no submédio São Francisco, Brasil

The organic production systems based on natural processes do not allow the use of synthetic fertilizers with a high solubility, so it is required the use of technologies in accordance with the organic production legislation in order to make the technical, economical and environmental sustainable activities viable. To evaluate the effects of the usage of mineral and organic natural fertilizers, associated with liquid biofertilizers (BLE= enriched liquid biofertilizer and BF= leaf biofertilizers) on the production of the sugar apple fruit crop Annona squamosa L., replacing totally the chemical fertilizers, used by conventional farming systems, a nine year old orchard was driven in the irrigated plot n degrees 1295, irrigated project Nilo Coelho, district of Petrolina - PE. The experiment was carried out from September 2005 to February 2006. The experimental design was done through randomized blocks with eight treatments and four replications in plots of three plants each, with 96 plants in total. The treatments were the following: T(1) - plants with no fertilizer; T(2) - 60 g de N + 32 g de P(2)O(5) + 48 g de K(2)O; T(3) - 90g de N + 32 g de P(2)O(5) + 48 g de K(2)O; T(4) - 30 g de N + 32 g de P(2)O(5) + 48 g de K(2)O + 15 L de BLE + BF a 5 %; T(5) - 60g de N + 32 g de P(2)O(5) + 48 g de K(2)O + 30 L de BLE + BF a 5 %; T(6)- 90g de N + 32 g de P(2)O(5) + 48 g de K(2)O + 45 L de BLE + BF a 5 %; T(7) - 120g de N + 32 g de P(2)O(5) + 48 g de K(2)O + 60 L de BLE + BF a 5 %; T(8) - 150 g de N + 32 g de P(2)O(5) + 48 g de K(2)O + 75 L de BLE + BF a 5 % The fruit growth analyses (diameter and average length), total yield, productivity, average fruit weight, average number of fruits, fresh weight of the skin and pulp and dry weight of the fruits were used to evaluate the experiment. The results were relevant to the total production, fresh weight of the skin and dry weight of the fruits. The use of organominerals associated with liquid fertilizers increased significantly the productivity in values ranging from 10.44% (T(5) = 1.98 t ha(-1)) to 24.52 % (T(7) = 12.34 %). The treatment T(3) stood out (90g de N + 32g de P(2)O(5) + 48g de K(2)O) with a higher production than the control. The fruit weight increased in the fertilized treatments, with values increasing from treatment (T(2) = 5.26 %) to the treatment (T(7) = 12.34 %) in relation to the control. The fruit development was characterized by an average growth increase of 82 % in length and 84 % in diameter until the 56(th) day, with a sigmoidal growth pattern.

Avaliação de seis variedades de uvas sem sementes no Submédio São Francisco

This work aimed to study aspects related to vegetative and productive development of plants and characteristics and chemical components of bunches of six seedless grape varieties at environmental conditions of São Francisco river's valley, Northeastern Brazil. The experiment was carried out during 1997 and 1998. The varieties tested were grafted on IAC 572 ('Jales') rootstock. The experimental model utilized was totally randomized, and with parcels subdivided into different production cycles. The results showed significative differences among varieties at different pruning times. The average weight of bunches varied from 164.8 g for 'Marroo Seedless' and 203.5 g for 'Beauty Seedless'. The average diameter of berries was superior to 15.7 mm for all of the varieties. The total soluble solids varied from 14.05°Brix in 'Canner' to 19.6°Brix in 'Venus'. The total titratable acidity (ATT) was lower than 0.91 g tartaric acid/100 mL of juice. The ratio SST/ATT varied from 19.05 in 'Beauty Seedless' to 28.57 in 'Vênus'. 'Vênus' and 'Marroo Seedless' were the most productive varieties, with the average annual production of 24 ton/ha and 20 ton/ha, respectively.

Use of the paired samples (cerebrospinal fluid and serum) in immunodiagnostic of active and inactive human neurocysticercosis

Paired samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of 30 patients - 10 with active, 10 with inactive neurocysticercosis (NCC), and 10 control subjects - were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using two Taenia crassiceps metacestode extracts as antigen in order to detect IgG antibodies. In active NCC, high levels of IgG were detected (p < 0.05). The CSF samples showed 80% (CI 72-88) of reactivity in the saline extract (S) and 90% (CI 84-95) in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and the serum samples were reactive in 90% (CI 84-95) and 100% (CI 98-100) in the S and SDS antigenic extracts, respectively. The use of the paired samples of CSF and serum in active NCC showed equivalent results suggesting that the serum samples could be used as a screening in those patients whose CSF puncture is counter-indicated.