Evaluación del recurso macha (Mesodesma donacium) en el litoral de Moquegua y Tacna. Marzo de 1998

Intenta determinar el efecto del fenómeno El Niño 1997-1998 sobre las poblaciones de macha del litoral del sur del Perú, mediante un análisis de las variaciones de la población en los principales bancos naturales de macha del litoral de Moquegua y Tacna, los que fueron evaluados durante marzo del año 1998.

Análisis de la pesquería, sus recursos y medio ambiente en la zona sur del litoral peruano, Ilo, 1995

Muestra los resultados más importantes obtenidos por el personal profesional y técnico del Laboratorio Costero de Ilo durante 1995, concernientes a la actividad extractiva, aspectos biológico pesqueros de las principales especies desembarcadas, así como algunos parámetros oceanográficos.

Evaluación del recurso macha Mesodesma donacium en el litoral sur del Perú, 1996

Presenta los resultados de la evaluación del recurso macha y determina la estructura por tamaños, distribución, abundancia y estimación de biomasas en los principales bancos naturales de las regiones de Arequipa, Moquegua y Tacna y su relación con las condiciones medioambientales circundantes. Estos resultados permiten un mejor planteamiento de las medidas de manejo que aseguren una pesquería sostenible del recurso en el sur del país.

Genome-wide association analysis of copy number variation in recurrent depressive disorder.

Large, rare copy number variants (CNVs) have been implicated in a variety of psychiatric disorders, but the role of CNVs in recurrent depression is unclear. We performed a genome-wide analysis of large, rare CNVs in 3106 cases of recurrent depression, 459 controls screened for lifetime-absence of psychiatric disorder and 5619 unscreened controls from phase 2 of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC2). We compared the frequency of cases with CNVs against the frequency observed in each control group, analysing CNVs over the whole genome, genic, intergenic, intronic and exonic regions. We found that deletion CNVs were associated with recurrent depression, whereas duplications were not. The effect was significant when comparing cases with WTCCC2 controls (P=7.7 × 10(-6), odds ratio (OR) =1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.37)) and to screened controls (P=5.6 × 10(-4), OR=1.52 (95% CI 1.20-1.93). Further analysis showed that CNVs deleting protein coding regions were largely responsible for the association. Within an analysis of regions previously implicated in schizophrenia, we found an overall enrichment of CNVs in our cases when compared with screened controls (P=0.019). We observe an ordered increase of samples with deletion CNVs, with the lowest proportion seen in screened controls, the next highest in unscreened controls and the highest in cases. This may suggest that the absence of deletion CNVs, especially in genes, is associated with resilience to recurrent depression.

Country effects in ISSP-1993 environmental data: Comparison of SEM approaches

Structural equation models (SEM) are commonly used to analyze the relationship between variables some of which may be latent, such as individual ``attitude'' to and ``behavior'' concerning specific issues. A number of difficulties arise when we want to compare a large number of groups, each with large sample size, and the manifest variables are distinctly non-normally distributed. Using an specific data set, we evaluate the appropriateness of the following alternative SEM approaches: multiple group versus MIMIC models, continuous versus ordinal variables estimation methods, and normal theory versus non-normal estimation methods. The approaches are applied to the ISSP-1993 Environmental data set, with the purpose of exploring variation in the mean level of variables of ``attitude'' to and ``behavior''concerning environmental issues and their mutual relationship across countries. Issues of both theoretical and practical relevance arise in the course of this application.

Granulomatous uveitis and congenital cataract: a rare association.

INTRODUCTION: The association of a granulomatous uveitis and congenital cataract and is rarely observed in newborn children. We describe the history of two patients presenting simultaneously with these two features in the absence of a TORCH infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The first patient, a boy born in 1997, presented to our hospital two days after birth with multiples Koeppe's and Busacca's nodules and bilateral cataract. The second patient, a boy born in 2006, was referred two weeks after birth. He presented with a severe unilateral granulomatous uveitis, multiples iris nodules, a high intraocular pressure of 45 mmHg and a congenital cataract. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: Lens extraction produced a rapid resolution of uveitis in these two patients. TORCH infection was ruled out in both children by history, extensive serologies performed simultaneously in mother and child or PCR of ocular fluids. CONCLUSIONS: A congenital cataract associated with a granulomatous uveitis is an extremely rare association. The removal of the lens resulted in complete resolution of the inflammation: a phacogenic mechanism could be at the origin of ocular inflammation in both cases.

Prospección del caracol Thais chocolata en el litoral de Moquegua y Tacna, julio 1996

Determina algunos aspectos pesqueros y biológicos del caracol en los principales bancos naturales del litoral de Moquegua y Tacna, con la finalidad de contar con una base científica que permita un adecuado manejo que garantice una pesquería sustentable en el tiempo.

El recurso macha (Mesodesma donacium) en el banco natural Pozo de Lizas, Ilo, mayo a junio 1996

Resume los resultados preliminares de la primera evaluación del recurso macha: estructura por tamaños, relaciones biométricas, distribución espacial y una estimación de la biomasa total del recurso.

A model of conglomeration and synergy traps

We present a model of conglomeration motivated by technology synergies and strategic reductions in variable costs in the face of competitive pressures. The resulting firm integration is neither horizontal nor vertical but rather congeneric integration of firms in related industries. We endogenize the industrial conglomeration structure and examine the effects of competition between conglomerates, and between a conglomerate and independent firms. We show that there is an equilibrium synergy trap in which conglomerates are formed to exploit economies of scope, but resulting profits are lower than under the status quo. We also show that strategic firm integration can occur even in the presence of diseconomies of scope. The model helps to explain features of recent mergers and acquisitions experience.

Informe de la exploración con bolicheras para el control costero de El Niño en febrero-1976 (EBCCEN 1-1976)

Expone los resultados de la operación EBCCEN 1-1976, realizada del 7 al 10 de Febrero de 1976, cubriendo el área entre Punta Falsa y Chimbote, desarrollada con el fin de observar posibles avances anómalos en aguas ecuatoriales superficiales que podrían indicar un desarrollo del fenómeno El Niño

Baerveldt aqueous shunt implantation into the ciliary sulcus

Purpose: Aqueous shunt implantation into the anterior chamber is associated with corneal decompensation in up to a third of eyes. Intracameral tube position may affect corneal endothelial cell loss. The authors set out to examine the efficacy and safety of Baerveldt shunt implantation into the ciliary sulcus combined with surgical peripheral iridectomy (SPI). Methods: One hundred eyes prospectively underwent Baerveldt shunt implantation into the cilliary sulcus combined with SPI, leaving a short intracameral tube length (1-2mm). Pre and post operative measures recorded included patient demographics, visual acuity, IOP, number of glaucoma medications (GMs) and all complications. Pre-existing corneal decompensation was recorded. Success was defined as IOP≤21mmHg and 20% reduction in IOP from baseline with or without GMs. Results: Mean age was 65.4 years (±20.4years). Mean follow-up was 10.8 months. Preoperatively IOP was 25.7mmHg (± 9.9mmHg), GMs were 2.9 (±1.2) and VA was 0.4 (±0.3). At one year postoperatively there was a significant drop in IOP (mean= 13.3mmHg (± 5.0mmHg); p<0.001) and number of GMs (mean= 1.3 (±1.4); p<0.001); and no significant change in VA (mean= 0.4 (±0.3); p=0.93). The success rate at one year was 83%. Complications were minor and non sight threatening (10%), there were no cases of postoperative corneal decompensation, tube blockage or iris/corneal-tube contact. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that placement of Baerveldt shunts into the ciliary sulcus with SPI is a safe and efficacious method of IOP reduction in comparison with standard shunt positioning in the anterior chamber. The intracameral tube position combined with SPI avoided tube-iris contact and corneal decompensation. Sulcus placement of aqueous shunts should be considered in pseudophakic eyes.

The characterization of retinal phenotype in a family with C1QTNF5-related late-onset retinal degeneration.

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and electrophysiological features of C1QTNF5-associated late-onset retinal degeneration in a molecularly confirmed pedigree. METHODS: Five members of a family participated, and affected individuals (n = 4) underwent detailed ophthalmologic evaluation including fundus autofluorescence and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging and electroretinography. Electrooculography was performed in three individuals. RESULTS: The visual acuity was initially normal and worsened with time. Anterior segment abnormalities included peripupillary iris atrophy and long anterior insertion of zonules. Peripapillary atrophy, drusenoid deposition, and scalloped sectorial chorioretinal atrophy were observed in all older individuals (n = 3). Fundus autofluorescence demonstrated hypofluorescent areas corresponding to regions of chorioretinal atrophy. The spectral-domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated multiple areas of retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch membrane separation with intervening homogeneous deposition that corresponded to the drusenoid lesions and areas of chorioretinal atrophy. Electrooculography was normal in one individual and showed abnormally low dark trough measures in older individuals (n = 2). Electroretinography was normal in early stages (n = 1), but showed marked abnormalities in the rod system (n = 3), which was predominantly inner retinal (n = 2) in late stages. CONCLUSION: Late-onset retinal degeneration is a progressive degeneration, and anterior segment abnormalities present early. The widespread sub-retinal pigment epithelium deposition seen on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in older individuals appears to be a characteristic in late stages. Electrooculography demonstrates abnormalities only in late stages of the disease.

Condiciones ambientales del mar peruano durante el verano 2002

Analiza las condiciones ambientales del mar peruano, empleando las ondas kelvin.

La población de la merluza peruana durante el verano 2004. Crucero BIC Olaya 0401-02

El estudio se realizó por el método de área barrida, del 14 de enero al 7 de febrero 2004, en el área comprendida entre el límite norte del dominio marítimo peruano y los 7°30’S, abarcó 5593 mn2 y profundidades de 20 y 280 bz. La biomasa total estimada de la merluza fue de 198.028 t ±37% (1588 millones de individuos), concentrados principalmente en el estrato II (91-182 m) de las subáreas C (5-6°S) y D (6-7°S). La composición de la población, referida a los grupos de edad fue: 94% individuos de 1 y 2 años de edad; 5% el grupo de 3 años; y 1% los grupos entre 4 y 8 años. La biomasa reproductora fue de 159.678 t, cuyo 72% fueron merluzas de la edad 2; el 17% merluza de edad 3, y el 5% por merluzas mayores a 3 años. Los principales indicadores poblacionales manifestaron: (a) un incremento en los valores de biomasa total, (b) la mejora en la amplitud geográfica de distribución de merluza, (c) presencia de importantes reclutamientos sucesivos, en medio de factores ambientales favorables, creando un panorama alentador para la recuperación poblacional de esta especie.

pH como un trazador de la variabilidad biogeoquímica en el Sistema de Humboldt

Se analizó información sobre parámetros biogeoquímicos como pH, CO2 parcialmente disuelto, clorofila-a, oxígeno, salinidad y temperatura, obtenidos en el Sistema de Humboldt frente a Perú en los años 2007-2009, a fin de comprender la importancia del pH como una variable clave para trazar la variabilidad biogeoquímica del Sistema de Afloramiento de Humboldt. Las Aguas Costeras Frías (ACF) ricas en nutrientes evidencian una relación inversa con el pH, en ese sentido valores de 7,6 a 8,0 se encontraron asociados a la ocurrencia de eventos de afloramiento; en condiciones frías como La Niña 2007 el pH predominante se encuentra por debajo de 8,0, y en el caso de las Aguas Subtropicales Superficiales presentan un pH entorno a 8,3. La productividad en los veranos se incrementa debido a factores como la intensidad de luz generándose núcleos de clorofila-a superiores a 10,0 μg.L-1; como constituyentes de la reacción bioquímica de fotosíntesis se tiene en cuenta la forma inmediata del compuesto CO2 y el consumo de iones hidronio; en situaciones extremas de fertilización, se tiene elevado pH entre 8,2 e inclusive 9,0, en donde los contenidos de oxígeno disuelto superan los 6,0 mL.L-1.