In vitro differentiation of murine hematopoietic progenitor cells toward the myeloid lineage occurs in response to Staphylococcus aureus and yeast species

We have studied the effect of inactivated microbial stimuli (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Saccharomyces boulardii, and Staphylococcus aureus) on the in vitro differentiation of lineage negative (Lin−) hematopoietic progenitor mouse cells. Purified Lin− progenitors were co-cultured for 7 days with the stimuli, and cell differentiation was determined by flow cytometry analysis. All the stimuli assayed caused differentiation toward the myeloid lineage. S. boulardii and particularly C. glabrata were the stimuli that induced in a minor extent differentiation of Lin− cells, as the major population of differentiated cells corresponded to monocytes, whereas C. albicans and S. aureus induced differentiation beyond monocytes: to monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages, respectively. Interestingly, signaling through TLR2 by its pure ligand Pam3CSK4 directed differentiation of Lin− cells almost exclusively to macrophages. These data support the notion that hematopoiesis can be modulated in response to microbial stimuli in a pathogen-dependent manner, being determined by the pathogen-associated molecular patterns and the pattern-recognition receptors involved, in order to generate the populations of mature cells required to deal with the pathogen.

Colonização nasal por Staphylococcus aureus em estudantes universitários: um problema?

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Intravenous catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a common problem that can be prevented [Editorial]

No Abstract

Rapid serodiagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection following median sternotomy

Objectives: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of a novel ELISA for the serodiagnosis of surgical site infection (SSI) due to staphylococci following median sternotomy. Methods: Twelve patients with a superficial sternal SSI and 19 with a deep sternal SSI due to Staphylococcus aureus were compared with 37 control patients who also underwent median sternotomy for cardiac surgery but exhibited no microbiological or clinical symptoms of infection. A further five patients with sternal SSI due to coagulase-negative (CoNS) staphylococci were studied. An ELISA incorporating a recently recognised exocellular short chain form of lipoteichoic acid (lipid S) recovered from CoNS, was used to determine serum levels of anti-lipid S IgG in all patient groups. Results: Serum anti-lipid S IgG titres of patients with sternal SSI due to S. aureus were significantly higher than the control patients (P<0.0001). In addition, patients with deep sternal SSI had significantly higher serum anti-lipid S IgG titres than patients with superficial sternal SSI (P=0.03). Serum anti-lipid S IgG titres of patients with sternal SSI due to CoNS were significantly higher than the control patients (P=0.001). Conclusion: The lipid S ELISA may facilitate the diagnosis of sternal SSI due to S. aureus and could also be of value with infection due to CoNS. © 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of The Bristish Infection Society.

Antibacterial activity of the marine sponge Ircinia Campana collected at Punta Uva Limón against Staphylococcus Aureus

The sponges are simple multicellularorganisms; they inhabit in marine environments from the polar seas to the tropical waterswhere they are more abundant. These species are exposed to large populations of microbes, reason that explains their complex morphological and cellular defense mechanism, which are used by these organisms to fight against pathogens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the marine sponge Ircinia campana, whichinhabits in the south of the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica against  Sthapylococcus aureus gram-positive bacteria. Sampleswere collected in Punta Uva in Limónduring July of 2007. The active compounds were obtainedby extraction with acetone (crude extract); and subsequently, chromatographic extracts were obtained using fractions 1:4 hexane: ethyl acetate. The antibacterial activities of the different fractions, including the  crude extract were tested.Our results suggest a zone of inhibition of 14.60 ±0.25 mm for the crude extract and18.70±0.25mm for the most active fraction separated by chromatography. The metabolite responsible for the antibacterial activity was isolated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)and preliminarily characterized through ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy.

Resistencia antimicrobiana de Staphylococcus aureus en pacientes con pie diabético que asisten a la consulta externa del Hospital Nacional Dr. Jorge Arturo Mena de Santiago de María, departamento de Usulután en el período de junio a agosto de 2014

La resistencia bacteriana es uno de los problemas de Salud Pública más graves, los microorganismos que causan enfermedades infecciosas han dejado de responder a los antibióticos de uso común; en la investigación el objetivo fue determinar la resistencia antimicrobiana de Staphylococcus aureus en pacientes con pie diabético que asistieron a la Consulta Externa del Hospital Nacional Dr. Jorge Arturo Mena de Santiago de María, departamento de Usulután en el período de junio a agosto de 2014; a los antibióticos Eritromicina, Clindamicina, Ampicilina, Ciprofloxacina, Ceftriaxona, Cotrimoxazol; utilizados en el tratamiento de infecciones por bacterias grampositivas, para lo cual se observaron y analizaron 30 muestras de personas con pie diabético para obtener una población de 10 personas a quienes se les aisló la bacteria Staphylococcus aureus y se les realizó el respectivo antibiograma. Metodología fue un estudio de tipo prospectivo, transversal, descriptivo y de campo; los datos obtenidos fueron ordenados y tabulados en donde se obtuvieron las siguientes Resultados se determinó que existe resistencia antimicrobiana de Staphylococcus aureus a los antibióticos: Eritromicina 70%, Clindamicina 60%, Ampicilina 60%, Ciprofloxacina 50%, Ceftriaxona 40% y Crotrimoxazol 20%; en pacientes con pie diabético que asistieron a la Consulta Externa del Hospital Nacional Dr. Jorge Arturo Mena de Santiago de María; mediante la utilizando la técnica de Kirby-Bauer y se cumplió con la norma del CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). La población en estudio manifestó no conocer que el no tomar el tratamiento completo puede producir resistencia bacteriana 60%, el 90% recibió tratamiento con el antibiótico Ciprofloxacina, 70% Eritromicina, 50% Clindamicina y Ampicilina; el 60% no recordaba cuantas veces había recibido tratamiento con los antibióticos mencionados, factores que contribuyen a las complicaciones de quienes padecen pie diabético y son tratados por infecciones bacterianas.También se obtuvo resistencia antimicrobiana de otras bacterias aisladas en el estudio, donde: Enterococcus sp presentó una resistencia en un 100% a los antibióticos Cotrimoxazol, Ceftriaxona y Ciprofloxacina, al igual que Pseudomonas sp que es una bacteria nosocomial, manifestó ser resistente en un 50% a los 3 antibióticos; Escherichia coli presentó un 41.7% de resistencia al antibiótico Cotrimoxazol, Ciprofloxacina 33.3% y Ceftriaxona 25%; a diferencia de Proteus sp y Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa que no presentaron resistencia. Conclusiones: Staphylococcus aureus presento mayor resistencia al antibiótico Eritromicina 70%; uno de los factores que influye puede ser que la población en estudio manifestó en un 60% no saber que el abandonar los tratamientos producen resistencias bacteriana.

Prevalencia de infección por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina en heridas crónicas en atención primaria de Lleida: estudio retrospectivo

Objetivo: averiguar la prevalencia de infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) y S. aureus resistente a meticilina (MRSA) en los cultivos de heridas crónicas en atención primaria de la región sanitaria de Lleida y valorar la prescripción de antibioterapia oral según resultado del antibiograma. Diseño: estudio transversal retrospectivo. Muestra: cultivos realizados en heridas crónicas de enero de 2010 a diciembre 2012. Resultados: se estimó una prevalencia de cultivos positivos a Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina de 3,77% (intervalo de confianza IC al 95%: 2,1-5,5) y de S. aureus no resistente a meticilina de 8,79% (IC 95%: 1,1-6,1) calculado sobre el número total de cultivos registrados en este periodo. Conclusiones: la prescripción de antibióticos respecto al antibiograma es más precisa al tener como respuesta un MRSA que un cultivo de S. aureus.

Antimicrobial potential of Eucalyptus globulus against biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis

Staphylococcus aureus are among the most common species isolated from bovine mastitis. The pathogenesis of this bacterium is facilitated by a number of virulence factors, including the ability to adhere to abiotic surfaces and/or host tissues often leading to biofilms' formation. From the clinical perspective, the most important feature of Staphytococcus species' biofilms is their high tolerance to the conventional antimicrobial therapy. So, the increasing number of bovine mastitis and the higher levels of Staphylococcus species resistance to traditional antimicrobial agents are considered an important alert for the necessity to focus the future research on identification and development of new strategies to combat S. aureus mastitis. RecenUy, the interest in natural alternatives based on plant extracts has been rising. In add~ion to their health benefits, their antimicrobial potential has been increasingly reported. Taking this into consideration, the evaluation of hydromethanolic extracts of E. globulus against S. aureus biofilms was tested and compared with penicillin, one of the antibiotics most often used in the treatment of cattle infections. All mastitis' isolates tested were good-biofilm producers. As expected penicillin has demonstrated poor activity against S. aureus biofilms (<1 log reduction). However, E. globulus Labill was bactericidal, promoting a biofilm cell reduction of 2-3 log. Therefore, the present work showed the potential antimicrobial activity of E. g/obulus against S. aureus from bovine mastitis, namely in biofilm mode of growth and drew attention to its promising use as an alternative to penicillin.

Comportamento de Staphylococcus sob diferentes condições de crescimento: Behaviour of Staphylococcus aureus under different growth conditions

Realizou-se um trabalho experimental com o objectivo de obter informação sobre a evolução do crescimento de Staphylococcus aureus. Foram utilizadas duas estirpes de Staphylococcus aureus, uma isolada a partir de rissóis de frango e uma estirpe de referência, a ATCC n. 9213, estas estirpes foram sujeitas a 3 valores de pH diferentes (que representam os valores de pH que é possível, ou seja pH 4, 5,5 e 7, a 3 valores de concentração de NaCl, nomeadamente, 0,5%, 7% e 15%. A temperatura de desenvolvimento será de 7°C, 37°C e 50aC. Utilizaram-se dois métodos para avaliar o crescimento de Staphylococcus aureus, ao longo do tempo, nomeadamente o Método Turbidímétrico e o Método de contagem de unidades formadoras de colónias (método das diluições sucessivas). ABSTRACT: Carried out experimental work in order to obtain information on the evolution of the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. We used two strains of Staphylococcus aureus, a strain isolated from a chicken patties and one reference strain, ATCC Nº 29213, these strains were subjected to 3 different pH values (which represent the values of pH it is possible, or is pH 4, 5.5 and 7, the 3 values of NaCI concentration, namely, 0.5%, 7% and 15%. The growth temperature is 7 °C, 37°C and 50ºC. We used two methods to evaluate the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, over time, including the turbidimetric method and the method of counting colony forming units (method of successive dilutions).

Extracorporeal circuit for Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia [Traitement par ECMO d'une pneumopathie nécrosante à Staphylococcus aureus producteur de la leucocidine de Panton-Valentine]

National audience

Diagnóstico de mastite subclínica caprina por meio da detecção de Staphylococcus aureus utilizando a técnica de RT-PCR.

A presente publicação descreve os procedimentos necessários para a identificação e confirmação molecular de estirpes de S. aureus causadoras de mastite subclínica, provenientes de amostras de leite de cabra, por meio da técnica de RT-PCR.

False identification of other microorganisms as Staphylococcus aureus in Southern Nigeria

Purpose: Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of many infections and the advent MRSA has drawn much attention to it. However, some organisms have been noted to be wrongly identified as S. aureus through phenotypic identifications leading to wrong treatment of infections. This study is therefore undertaken to evaluate the rate of false identification of other organisms as S. aureus in Southern Nigeria. Methods: 507 microorganisms which have been previously identified as S. aureus in 8 States in Southern Nigeria through characteristic morphology on blood agar, Gram staining, growth and fermentation on Mannitol Salt Agar and coagulase formation were collected. All the isolates were identified in this study through sequencing of 16S rRNA and detection of spa gene. The percentages of true and false identities were determined. Results: Of the 507 isolates previously identified as S. aureus, only 54 (11 %) were confirmed as S. aureus while the rest were coagulase negative Staphylococci (85 % misidentification rate), Bacillus sp. (12 % misidentification rate), and Brevibacterium sp. (3 % misidentification rate). Conclusion: A high rate of false positive identification of S. aureus which could lead to the misuse of antibiotics in emergency situation has been identified in this study. The use of standard methods for the identification of S. aureus at all times is highly recommended.