Fluxo lácteo em búfalas (Bubalus bubalis): aspectos ambientais e genéticos

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Reprodução em cativeiro de piracanjuba Brycon orbignyanus assistida por marcador molecular como estratégia de conservação

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBB

Aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos e moleculares da dermatosparaxia em ovinos White Dorper

Dermatosparaxis in animals is an autosomal recessive disorder of the connective-tissue clinically characterized by skin fragility and hiperextensibility. The disease in White Dorper sheep is caused by mutation (c.421G>T) in the ADAM metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 2 (ADAMTS2) gene. This study describes the dermatological, histological and the molecular findings of the dermatosparaxis in White Dorper sheep from a herd located in the center-west of São Paulo State. The herd consisted of one ram, four ewe and their lambs. In this herd two lambs had clinical signs consistent with dermatosparaxis. Histopathological evaluation of the affected skin of these two animals also revealed consistent findings with dermatosparaxis, characterized by dysplasia of the collagen, which were arranged in small and fragmented collagen bundles and with foci of degeneration of collagen. Prominent cutaneous appendages and severe hemorrhagic focus in dermis region associated with mild neutrophilic infiltrate in the deep dermis. PCR using DNA blood and specific primers to amplify the mutation region c.421G>T was optimized in order to perform molecular diagnosis of the disease. The direct sequencing of the PCR products proved that the two clinically affected animals had the mutation responsible for dermatosparaxis, previously described for this breed and allowed the definitive diagnosis of the disease. This is the first report of the dermatosparaxis in White Dorper sheep in Brazil and the methodology used to confirm the diagnosis could be used in future studies to assess the prevalence of this mutation in Brazil, allowing the adoption of measures to prevent the spread of this mutation in the Brazilian White Dorper herd.

Desempenho e aspectos sanitarios de bezerras leiteiras que receberam dieta com ou sem medicamentos homeopaticos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, do nascimento até os 120 dias de idade, o desenvolvimento corporal, o consumo de matéria seca (CMS), a conversão alimentar (CA) e os aspectos sanitários de 12 bezerras leiteiras que receberam dieta com ou sem o uso de medicamentos homeopáticos. Foram utilizadas bezerras 3/4 Holandês x 1/4 Gir recém-nascidas, com peso vivo médio inicial de 35,71 kg, distribuídas pelos tratamentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições por tratamento. Na fase de aleitamento (0 - 56 dias de idade) os tratamentos consistiram em leite, sendo 2 litros pela manhã e 2 à tarde, adicionado ou não a medicamentos homeopáticos (5 g/animal/dia dos FATORES PRÓ(r), ESTRESSE(r) e C&MC(r)), e concentrado à vontade. Na fase pós-aleitamento (57 - 120 dias de idade), os animais receberam o mesmo concentrado, adicionado ou não com os mesmos medicamentos homeopáticos, e o consumo do concentrado foi limitado a, no máximo, 3 kg/animal/dia. A adição de medicamentos homeopáticos à dieta não afetou (p > 0,05) o desenvolvimento corporal, o CMS e o CA em bezerras leiteiras. Houve menor uso de antibiótico e carrapaticida nos animais que receberam os produtos homeopáticos. Concluiu-se que o uso de medicamentos homeopáticos não afetou o desenvolvimento corporal e reduziu o número de animais tratados com medicamentos alopáticos.

Aspectos reprodutivos, morfologia dos gametas e desenvolvimento embrionário de Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski (Teleostei, Characidae)

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Caracterização da suinocultura em Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte: aspectos sanitários e riscos de zoonoses

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Criptosporidiose em animais domésticos: aspectos epidemiológicos

Studies related cryptosporidiosis will be essential, due to its relevance in public health and pathogenicity in pets and production animals. Over the past 20 years, there has been a rapid expansion of research involving the Cryptosporidium genus, largely related to molecular studies, providing a description of various species, genotypes and subtypes of the parasite. The molecular characterization of isolates from different sources (human, animal and environmental) has been widely used in order to investigate the potential zoonotic of this protozoa. The documented transmission forms from animals to humans, from person to person, through water intake or water for the leisure that are directly or indirectly contaminated with sporulated oocysts. The high rate of animals naturally infected and the susceptibility by protozoan, justify the importance of attending to the occurrence of this disease. So are demonstrated epidemiological aspects of this zoonotic disease in domestic animals.

Análise da espermatogênese e do cariótipo da espécie Eptesicus furinalis (d’Orbigny, 1847) Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O bem-estar animal: como avaliá-lo e promovê-lo

The traffic of wild animals can be identified as the main cause of finding captive animals in zoos and sorting centers in Brazil. The maintenance of these animals in captivity is usually justified by the prevention of total loss of individuals of that specie, if it becomes extinct in the wild, and also, the importance of these subjects in studies of basic biology of the species. Keeping animals in captivity environment brings the need to ensure the welfare of them. The high population density and limited space are some of the possible stressors that these individuals face in capivity. Even the low pressure feeding and food easily available could be stressors, since they change the budget activities typical of the specie, causing sedentary behavior and sometimes depression. The captive environment and activities related to it (handling, transport, social change and social isolation) could compromise the animal welfare. Reduction in life expectancy, impaired growth and reproduction, personal injury, illness, immunosuppression, exacerbated adrenal activity and abnormal behavior, are events often lonked to compromised welfare. Hence, assessment and promoter methods are used to provide the welfare to captive animals. The assessment can be made by hormonal and/or behavioral measures. Both are extremely important, and usually are used in combination, to provide more tangible results about the condition of the animal. The promotion of animal welfare can be accomplished through environmental enrichment, a technique which aims to provide a more complex and diverse environment, increasing the possibility of the animal express more natural behavior, or characteristic of the species. Thus, the objective of this dissertation is discuss the importance of animal welfare and the ways this can be evaluated and promoted... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

A Ética na Experimentação Animal

A experimentação em animais é a metodologia mais utilizada para se testar a ação de todo tipo de droga em um organismo e suas reações. Atualmente existe na ciência a preocupação com a ética para amenizar o sofrimento dos animais envolvidos. Com o advento de novas tecnologias, são propostas técnicas alternativas que se abstém da utilização destes. Mas que não são ainda largamente estudadas no Brasil. Portanto realizou-se uma breve revisão das relações ser - humano/natureza presentes historicamente na atividade científica. Foram respondidos questionários e entregues para a análise, no qual se teve o objetivo de averiguar a opinião em relação a esse assunto perante os experimentadores de um conceituado Centro de Pesquisas e verificar assim, a possibilidade da inserção de uma nova ética, a qual possa futuramente livrar todos os animais de qualquer sofrimento. Os pesquisadores apresentam de uma forma geral, uma pequena preocupação com a reflexão sobre a utilização de materiais alternativos, em contrapartida se mostram bastante preocupados com a utilização dos animais de forma ética, a fim de minimizarem o sofrimento causado

Neoplasia mamária em cadelas: aspectos clínico-cirúrgicos

Oncology is presenting an important role in clinical practice as a speciality in recent years in Veterinary Medicine. Mammary gland tumors are detected mainly in old and middleaged bitches that are sexually intact or spayed and the caudal abdominal and inguinal mammary glands are the most affected and they present a percentage up to 75% of malignancy. The majority of dogs with mammary neoplasms are clinically healthy at the time of diagnosis and the tumors can be identified by the owner or a professional during a routine physical examination. Cytological examination of fine needle aspirates can be performed. This procedure is easy and low cost and some criteria that may indicate malignancy are evaluated, however to obtain a definitive diagnosis is performed histopathology of the excised tissue or from biopsy. Regional lymph nodes are the first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage from the neoplasm. They are at the highest risk of regional metastasis, while the lung is the most common site for distant metastasis. Determining the clinical stage enables the definition of the extension of the tumor. As a consequence, this allows a prognosis to be established and treatment to be planned. The type of therapy to be chosen incites controversy since there are numerous treatment options described, but the surgery is the chosen treatment. However, surgery is not always effective for malignant tumors, and recurrences may occur and in these cases, auxiliary chemotherapy treatments are used. The prognosis for animals that have mammary tumors depends on several factors, such as: size, stage, type of tumor cells and clinical behavior of the tumor, age and medical condition of the animal, and presence of metastasis. Because of this, more detailed studies are needed based on epidemiological surveys in order to provide more informations about risk factors, prevalence and follow-up after treatment of mammary... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Técnicas associadas à biotecnologia da reprodução para minimizar os efeitos do estresse térmico e aumentar a fertilidade em vacas leiteiras de alta produção

The dairy sector has undergone considerable economic losses due to low fertility rates due to adverse effects of heat stress on reproduction of cows. Genetic selection for increased production, coupled with the expanding dairy to tropical areas of the planet, and global warming has further aggravated the problem of heat stress. The effects of heat stress are multifactorial and act directly or indirectly at various levels of reproductive tissues, resulting in low fertility of cows, which in practice, results in reduced reproductive efficiency in the property, reducing the producers’ profit. Some strategies related to breeding biotechnology such as fixed-time artificial insemination, embryo transfer and use of BST, can minimize these effects and improve the reproductive efficiency of the herd

Dimorfismo sexual em Dasypops schirchi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1924): aspectos morfológicos

Amphibians exhibit great morphological plasticity of habitat and life history. This heterogeneity contributes to the frequency of occurrence and diversity of sexual dimorphism (shape or size) is large. Dasypops schirchi is a species belonging to the subfamily and family Gastrophryninae Microhylidae and this endemic and endangered. Generally, very little is known about D. schirchi, much in part to its habit of living and cryptic small geographical distribution. In order to detect and characterize elements sexually dimorphic in this species was a survey of specimens of D. schirchi in major national zoological collections. We analyzed 16 morphometric variables were also searched and secondary sexual characters non-morphometric. Statistical analysis of the morphometric data, the results showed a clear distinction between males and females of D. schirchi, secondary sexual characters nonmorphometric were also found

Nutrição e nutrição parenteral no animal hospitalizado

The beneficial effects derived from the nutritional support in human patients and experimental animal models include the improvement of immune function, repair of wounds, answer to the treatment, time of recovery and survival. In front of these benefits, we end up alienating the nutritional needs of hospitalized patients, especially those with clinical or surgical affections threatening. The objective of the nutritional support is to indicate the importancea and the proportions of energy and nutrients that the patient can use with the maximum effectiveness. The majority of hospitalized patients do not have voluntary food intake adequate to meet even the minimal nutritional needs. It is often perceived that lack of adequate food intake, will have serious impact on the patient’s clinical outcome. The nutritional assessment will help determine which route of feeding will be the safest, most effective and best tolerated by the patient. Diet choice is based on which of the patient’s problems can and should be addressed with nutrition and the feeding access available

Aspectos reprodutivos de três espécies de Curimatidae (Characiformes) em um reservatório do Rio Mogi Guaçu, bacia do Alto Rio Paraná, São Paulo, Brasil

Os curimatídeos são espécies comuns em ambientes lênticos represados, artificialmente construídos. Estudar o ciclo reprodutivo de uma espécie é fundamental para a compreensão da biologia reprodutiva da população em seu ambiente. Por isso, o presente estudo analisou os aspectos da biologia reprodutiva dos sagüirus Cyphocharax modestus, C. cf. nagelii e Steindachnerina insculpta (Curimatidae), no reservatório da pequena central hidrelétrica Mogi Guaçu, município de Mogi Guaçu, estado de São Paulo. Os exemplares foram coletados bimensalmente entre agosto de 2005 e julho de 2006 com o auxílio de redes de emalhar (malhas 1,0 a 5,0 cm entre nós adjacentes), totalizando seis amostras. No total, foram analisados 777 exemplares, sendo 525 de C. modestus, 82 de C.cf. nagelii e 170 de S. insculpta. A dinâmica reprodutiva foi analisada considerando-se os períodos seco e chuvoso. A fecundidade foi estimada de acordo com o método volumétrico a partir da análise de 168 pares de ovários maduros, sendo 121 de C. modestus, 18 de C. cf nagelii e 29 de S. insculpta. Também foram estimadas as relações gonadossomáticas médias e as correlações do número total de ovócitos em relação ao peso e ao comprimento para cada uma das três espécies. Os resultados encontrados apontaram para desova total (sincrônica em dois grupos) para as três espécies. O número médio de ovócitos foi de 15.309 a 28.825 para C. modestus, 29.031 para C. cf. nagelii e 27.206 para S. insculpta.