Microbiologia da carne moida = 2. Avaliação da qualidade por método modificado, baseado na redução da resazurina

Quarenta amostras de carne (bovina) moida, provenientes de quatro supermercados da cidade de Piracicaba, SP, foram analisados quanto à contagem total de bactérias, segundo as recomendações da "American Public Health Associaton" (incubação das placas a 32°C por 48 horas). As mesmas amostras foram utilizadas em estudo de modificação de teste baseado na redução da resazurina, proposto para a avaliação da qualidade, sob o ponto-de-vista, microbiológico, do alimento em questão. Os resultados podem ser resumidos como segue: 1) As contagens totais foram elevadas, em geral, com diversas amostras na faixa de 10(7) a 10(9) bactérias/g: a média obtida foi de 3,0 x 10(7) bactérias/g. 2) Não foi constatada diferença significativa, quanto à contagem total de bactérias, entre os quatro estabelecimentos onde as amostras foram obtidas. 3) Uma correlação altamente significativa (r=-0,91) foi verificada entre a contagem total de bactérias e o tempo necessário à redução da resazurina até a descoloração, pelo método modificado estudado.

Avaliação de métodos climatológicos para estimativa da evapotranspiração

Neste trabalho foi observado o comportamento da fórmula de Penman e da radiação solar como base para estimativa da evapotranspiração de uma cultura de batata (Solanun tuberosum L.) submetida a três regimes de umidade do solo. Concluiu-se que tanto a formula de Penman como os dados de radiação solar mostraram elevada correlação com a evapotranspiração determinada pelo método do balanço de água. No período inicial de crescimento a fórmula de Penman superestimou em 25-30% os valores de evapotranspiração determinados. Porém, no período de maior desenvolvimento vegetativo da cultura, as estimativas aproximaram-se daqueles determinados, exceto para o tratamento onde o potencial matricial da água do solo era perimitido atingir níveis da ordem de -2,0 bares, o que proporcionou uma redução na intensidade de evapotranspiração. As relações entre a evapotranspiração e os dados de radiação solar são apresentados em diferentes períodos do ciclo de crescimento da cultura.

Orientação cardial de parcelas experimentais e radiação solar

O efeito da orientação cardial de uma parcela experimental sobre a variação de temperatura do solo foi estudado. Verificou-se que à latitude de 15°S, a parcela com uma inclinação de rampa de 5% apresentou diferenças mensuráveis entre as temperaturas do solo nas diversas faces de exposição, sendo mais salientes as diferenças entre as faces Norte e Sul. Os dados obtidos foram coerentes com as determinações de radiação solar recebida.

Efeito dos ácidos fórmico e propiônico sobre a produção de alcoóis superiores durante a fermentação alcoólica

Foi estudado o efeito de concentrações de 250, 500 e 1000 ppm dos ácidos fórmico e propiônico sobre a produção de etanol e alcoóis superiores produzidos pela fermentação alcoólica de mosto sintético. Não foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos tanto para o ácido fórmico como para o ácido propiônico, embora uma redução não significativa no teor do álcool isoamílico foi observada com a dose de 1000 ppm dos ácidos fórmico e propiônico.

Fitômetros e distribuição da radiação na copa de Hevea brasiliensis cv: RRIM 600

Com o objetivo de realizar o sensoriamento climático, no perfil da copa de Hevea bvasiliensis cv. RRIM 600, utilizaram-se fitômetros com Beta vulgaris cv, Asgrow Wonder em 3 níveis de um seringal com 4 anos de idade, em Rio Claro (SP). Os fitômetros foram alocados na copa das árvores distribuídas ao acaso, nas alturas de 1,50m, 2,20m e 3,00m, do solo; sendo que 30 fitômetros foram colocados em cada nível. A exposição dos fitômetros foi realizada em três épocas: de 04 a 17 de maio, junho e setembro. Os valores médios da RAF e AFE mostraram-se mais altos no nível superior da copa e da VPS, VAF, TCR, TAL e RPF nos níveis inferiores. A radiação líquida revelou-se mais alta: na região inferior da copa pela manhã, na região mediana em torno do meio-dia e na região superior do perfil da copa da seringueira no período da tarde. O coeficiente de absorção aumentou pela manhã, tendendo a atingir um patamar ótimo da assíntota perto das 11:00 horas, estendendo-se pela tarde; sendo que o valor médio do coeficiente de absorção em seu patamar foi da ordem de 0,588.

Algumas medidas microclimáticas, em mata da região "Bromélia-Malária", em Santa Catarina, Brasil: II - Efeito do abrigo, temperaturas extremas, amplitude térmica diária, temperatura do solo, radiação global, velocidade do vento e déficit de saturação

Em continuação a um artigo anterior (I), são apresentados os valores médios mensais das seguintes observaçõs: efeito do abrigo, temperaturas extremas, amplitude térmica diária, temperatura do solo, radiação global, velocidade do vento e déficit de saturação. O exame, dos gráficos e tabelas contidos no texto, mostra que: 1 - Enquanto em locais livremente expostos ao vento a diferença entre a temperatura lida dentro do abrigo tipo "Stevenson" e a obtida com o psicrômetro ventilado, só excepcionalmente tem significado estatístico, na mata as diferenças médias da ordem de 0,5ºC são comuns, em qualquer das horas de observação. 2 - As maiores médias das temperaturas máximas foram sempre as obtidas ao ar livre. Na mata elas são mais elevadas no vale e mais baixas no alto da elevação. 3 - As diferenças entre as temperaturas mínimas só são nítidas no inverno, quando em alguns pontos da mata elas são mais baixas e em outros mais altas do que as observadas ao ar livre. Nos meses mais frios a inversão noturna póde provocar, na mata, uma diferença médias de 3ºC para um desnível de 100 m. 4 - A não ser no vale, onde foram registrados alguns valores médios iguais aos observados aos ar livre, a amplitude térmica diária é sempre menor na mata. 5 - A evolução da curva da temperatura do solo é influenciada pela situação topográfica e pela proteção oferecida pela vegetação. 6 - A atenuação da velocidade do vento é provocada principalmente pelas copas das árvores. Abaixo dess estrato, praticamente não foi registrada variação nos valores médios da velocidade do vento. 7 - Para o estudo do estado higrométrico do ar, dentro da mata, o déficit de saturação fornece melhors informações do que a umidade relativa.

Long-term follow-up of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation and response-adapted whole-brain radiotherapy for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: results of the multicenter Ostdeutsche Studiengruppe Hamato-Onkologie OSHO-53 phase II study

Introduction: We previously reported the results of a phase II study for patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) treated with autologous peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation (aPBSCT) and responseadapted whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). The purpose of this report is to update the initial results and provide long-term data regarding overall survival, prognostic factors, and the risk of treatment-related neurotoxicity.Methods: A long-term follow-up was conducted on surviving primary central nervous system lymphoma patients having been treated according to the ,,OSHO-53 study", which was initiated by the Ostdeutsche Studiengruppe Hamatologie-Onkologie. Between August 1999 and October 2004 twentythree patients with an average age of 55 and median Karnofsky performance score of 70% were enrolled and received high-dose mthotrexate (HD-MTX) on days 1 and 10. In case of at least a partial remission (PR), high-dose busulfan/ thiotepa (HD-BuTT) followed by aPBSCT was performed. Patients without response to induction or without complete remission (CR) after HD-BuTT received WBRT. All patients (n=8), who are alive in 2011, were contacted and Mini Mental State examination (MMSE) and the EORTC QLQ-C30 were performed.Results: Eight patients are still alive with a median follow-up of 116,9 months (79 - 141, range). One of them suffered from a late relapse eight and a half years after initial diagnosis of PCNSL, another one suffers from a gall bladder carcinoma. Both patients are alive, the one with the relapse of PCNSL has finished rescue therapy and is further observed, the one with gall baldder carcinoma is still under therapy. MMSE and QlQ-C30 showed impressive results in the patients, who were not irradiated. Only one of the irradiated patients is still alive with a clear neurologic deficit but acceptable quality of life.Conclusions: Long-term follow-up of our patients, who were included in the OSHO-53 study show an overall survival of 30 percent. If WBRT can be avoided no long-term neurotoxicity has been observed and the patients benefit from excellent Quality of Life. Induction chemotherapy with two cycles of HD-MTX should be intensified to improve the unsatisfactory OAS of 30 percent.

The study of insect blood-feeding behaviour: 1. Feeding equipment, physical and endogenous factors, dose effect analysis, and diet destination

Experimental techniques that we have found useful during our studies of insect blood-feeding behaviour are reviewed. Some of the principal findings resulting from these techniques are discussed. Where directly applicable, the work of others is included, but no complete review of the subject has been attempted.

Low-Dose Vascular Photodynamic Therapy Decreases Tumor Interstitial Fluid Pressure, which Promotes Liposomal Doxorubicin Distribution in a Murine Sarcoma Metastasis Model.

INTRODUCTION: Solid tumors are known to have an abnormal vasculature that limits the distribution of chemotherapy. We have recently shown that tumor vessel modulation by low-dose photodynamic therapy (L-PDT) could improve the uptake of macromolecular chemotherapeutic agents such as liposomal doxorubicin (Liporubicin) administered subsequently. However, how this occurs is unknown. Convection, the main mechanism for drug transport between the intravascular and extravascular spaces, is mostly related to interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and tumor blood flow (TBF). Here, we determined the changes of tumor and surrounding lung IFP and TBF before, during, and after vascular L-PDT. We also evaluated the effect of these changes on the distribution of Liporubicin administered intravenously (IV) in a lung sarcoma metastasis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A syngeneic methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma cell line was implanted subpleurally in the lung of Fischer rats. Tumor/surrounding lung IFP and TBF changes induced by L-PDT were determined using the wick-in-needle technique and laser Doppler flowmetry, respectively. The spatial distribution of Liporubicin in tumor and lung tissues following IV drug administration was then assessed in L-PDT-pretreated animals and controls (no L-PDT) by epifluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: L-PDT significantly decreased tumor but not lung IFP compared to controls (no L-PDT) without affecting TBF. These conditions were associated with a significant improvement in Liporubicin distribution in tumor tissues compared to controls (P < .05). DISCUSSION: L-PDT specifically enhanced convection in blood vessels of tumor but not of normal lung tissue, which was associated with a significant improvement of Liporubicin distribution in tumors compared to controls.

A phase I dose-escalation study of the immunocytokine EMD 521873 (Selectikine) in patients with advanced solid tumours.

BACKGROUND: EMD 521873 (Selectikine), an immunocytokine comprising a DNA-targeting antibody, aimed at tumour necrosis, fused with a genetically modified interleukin-2 (IL-2) moiety, was investigated in this first-in-human phase I study. METHODS: Patients had metastatic or locally advanced solid tumours failing previous standard therapy. Selectikine was administered as a 1-hour intravenous infusion on 3 consecutive days, every 3weeks. A subgroup of patients also received 300mg/m(2) cyclophosphamide on day 1 of each cycle. Escalating doses of Selectikine were investigated with the primary objective of determining the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients were treated with Selectikine alone at dose levels from 0.075 to 0.9mg/kg, and nine were treated at doses of 0.45 and 0.6mg/kg in combination with cyclophosphamide. A dose-dependent linear increase of peak serum concentrations and area under curve was found. The dose-limiting toxicity was grade 3 skin rash at the 0.9mg/kg dose-level; the MTD was 0.6mg/kg. Rash and flu-like symptoms were the most frequent side-effects. No severe cardiovascular side-effects (hypotension or vascular leak) were observed. At all dose-levels, transient increases in total lymphocyte, eosinophil and monocyte counts were recorded. No objective tumour responses, but long periods of disease stabilisation were observed. Transient and non-neutralising Selectikine antibodies were detected in 69% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The MTD of Selectikine with or without cyclophosphamide administered under this schedule was 0.6mg/kg. The recommended phase II dose was 0.45-0.6mg/kg. Selectikine had a favourable safety profile and induced biological effects typical for IL-2.

Estimates of radiation-absorbed dose to kidneys in patients treated with 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan.

The aim of the present study was to retrospectively estimate the absorbed dose to kidneys in 17 patients treated in clinical practice with 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, using appropriate dosimetric approaches available. METHODS: The single-view effective point source method, including background subtraction, is used for planar quantification of renal activity. Since the high uptake in the liver affects the activity estimate in the right kidney, the dose to the left kidney serves as a surrogate for the dose to both kidneys. Calculation of absorbed dose is based on the Medical Internal Radiation Dose methodology with adjustment for patient kidney mass. RESULTS: The median dose to kidneys, based on the left kidney only, is 2.1 mGy/MBq (range, 0.92-4.4), whereas a value of 2.5 mGy/MBq (range, 1.5-4.7) is obtained, considering the activity in both kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: Irrespective of the method, doses to kidneys obtained in the present study were about 10 times higher than the median dose of 0.22 mGy/MBq (range, 0.00-0.95) were originally reported from the study leading to Food and Drug Administration approval. Our results are in good agreement with kidney-dose estimates recently reported from high-dose myeloablative therapy with 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan.

A control flow prototype for a dose recommending device for chronic myeloid leukemia patients

In this paper we present a prototype of a control flow for an a posteriori drug dose adaptation for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) patients. The control flow is modeled using Timed Automata extended with Tasks (TAT) model. The feedback loop of the control flow includes the decision-making process for drug dose adaptation. This is based on the outputs of the body response model represented by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm for drug concentration prediction. The decision is further checked for conformity with the dose level rules of a medical guideline. We also have developed an automatic code synthesizer for the icycom platform as an extension of the TIMES tool.

Successful treatment of trilateral retinoblastoma with conventional and high-dose chemotherapy plus radiotherapy: a case report.

Trilateral retinoblastoma (TRB) is a rare condition characterized by an intracranial neuroblastic tumor associated with bilateral or unilateral retinoblastoma (RB). The outcome is almost always fatal. An 18-month-old patient with familial bilateral RB was referred for a pineal lesion detected on a screening by magnetic resonance imaging. The child, considered inoperable by 2 different neurosurgical teams, was treated with conventional chemotherapy (methotrexate, vincristine, vepeside, cyclophosphamide, and carboplatin) plus tandem transplantation (vepeside/carboplatin and thiotepa/mephalan) followed by local radiotherapy. At 80 months from the diagnosis of TRB, the patient is alive and in complete remission, with no neuropsychologic consequences. An early and aggressive treatment may improve the prognosis of TRB.