Health surveys and use of maternal and child health care services in three municipalities within the São Paulo metropolitan area

Objectives. To describe the changes in the use of maternal and child health care services by residents of three municipalities-Embu, Itapecerica da Serra, and Taboao da Serra-in the São Paulo metropolitan area, 12 years after the implementation of the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil, and to analyze the potential of population-based health care surveys as sources of data to evaluate these changes.Methods. Two population-based, cross-sectional surveys were carried out in 1990 and 2002 in municipalities located within the São Paulo metropolitan area. For children under 1 year of age, the two periods were compared in terms of outpatient services utilization and hospital admission; for the mothers, the periods were compared in terms of prenatal care and deliveries. In both surveys, stratified and multiple-stage conglomerate sampling was employed, with standardization of interview questions.Results. The most important changes observed were regarding the location of services used for prenatal care, deliveries, and hospitalization of children less than 1 year of age. There was a significant increase in the use of services in the surrounding region or hometown, and decrease in the utilization of services in the city of São Paulo (in 1990, 80% of deliveries and almost all admissions for children less than 1 year versus 32% and 46%, respectively, in 2002). The use of primary care units and 24-hour walk-in clinics also increased. All these changes reflect care provided by public resources. In the private sector, there was a decrease in direct payments and payments through company-paid health insurance and an increase in payments through self-paid health insurance.Conclusions. The major changes observed in the second survey occurred simultaneous to the changes that resulted from the implementation of the SUS. Population-based health surveys are adequate for analyzing and comparing the utilization of health care services at different times.

Postfeeding radial dispersal in larvae of Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera : Calliphoridae): implications for forensic entomology

Blowflies utilize discrete and ephemeral breeding sites for larval nutrition. After the exhaustion of food, larvae begin dispersing in search of sites to pupate or additional food sources, a process referred as postfeeding larval dispersal. Some of the most important aspects of this process were investigated in the blowfly Chrysomya albiceps, employing a circular arena to allow radial dispersion of larvae from the center. The results showed a positive correlation between burial depth and distance, and a negative correlation between distance and pupal weight. These results can be used in forensic entomology for the postmortem interval estimation of human corpses in medico-criminal investigations. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

Study of the combined radial post-feeding dispersion of the blowflies Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) and C. albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo da dispersão larval radial pós-alimentar em Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dispersão larval radial pós-alimentar em Lucilia cuprina (Diptera, Calliphoridae): profundidade, peso e distância de enterramento para pupação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Behavior of the combined radial post-feeding larval dispersal of the blowflies Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera, Calliphoridae) and implications for forensic entomology

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A mass-transportation approach to a one dimensional fluid mechanics model with nonlocal velocity

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Distribution of Rhodophyta in streams from São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil

Distribution of Rhodophyta was investigated in 172 stream segments, which were sampled from May to October in 1992-1993 and 1996-1997 in six natural regions (parts of biomes or geological areas) of São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Red algae occurred in 60.5 % of stream segments sampled, a high frequency in comparison with other major surveys in the world (18-65 %). 17 species of freshwater red algae were found, of which the most widespread was Batrachospermum delicatulum occurring in 17 sites of five regions. The proportion of morphological types was as follows: gelatinous filaments (62.5 %), free filaments (19 %), tufts (12.5 %) and crusts (6 %); all but free filaments can be considered as having mechanisms to tolerate stress provoked by current velocity. No significant difference was found between the frequency distributions of variables measured for all streams and for those with red algae. Rhodophyta occurred under the following conditions (means): temperature (19.0 degrees C), current velocity (48 cm s(-1)), specific conductance (74 mu S cm(-1)), turbidity (8 NTU), oxygen (67.3 %) and pH (6.9 +/- 0.7). on the basis of species composition among the regions, the following patterns were evident: 1) the number of red algal species per region ranged from 1 to 10; 2) the highest proportion of sites with red algae (65-73 %) was found in hard water regions and in Atlantic rainforest, whereas the lowest (50 %) was found in tropical rainforest; 3) more than half of the species were exclusive from a single region, whereas the higher proportion of exclusive species was in the subtropical rainforest (50 %). No combination of stream variables was clearly associated with the occurrence of red algae for the regions as a whole. Species composition for streams and rivers of São Paulo State revealed higher similarities with other tropical regions and had few species in common with freshwater red algal floras of other continents.

The signature of dark energy perturbations in galaxy cluster surveys

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dynamical properties for the problem of a particle in an electric field of wave packet: Low velocity and relativistic approach

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Velocity-dependent KAM islands

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Blocking Radial Diffusion in a Double-Waved Hamiltonian Model

A non-twist Hamiltonian system perturbed by two waves with particular wave numbers can present Robust Tori, barriers created by the vanishing of the perturbing Hamiltonian at some defined positions. When Robust Tori exist, any trajectory in phase space passing close to them is blocked by emergent invariant curves that prevent the chaotic transport. We analyze the breaking up of the RT as well the transport dependence on the wave numbers and on the wave amplitudes. Moreover, we report the chaotic web formation in the phase space and how this pattern influences the transport.

High-velocity oxyfuel Cr3C2-NiCr replacing hard chromium coatings

Comparative wear and corrosion properties of Cr3C2-NiCr (CC-TS) (a high-velocity oxyfuel [HVOF]) and hard chromium (HC) coating's obtained on a steel substrate have been studied. The structural characterization was done before and after measurements by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and scanning white light interferometry. Wear and corrosion properties were evaluated by ball on disk (ASTM G99-90), rubber wheel (ASTM G65-91), and electrochemical measurements of open circuit and polarization curves. The best corrosion and wear resistance was for the CC-TS obtained by HVOF. The open-circuit potential values measured for both samples after 18 h of immersion we're: -0.240 and -0.550 V, respectively, for CC-TS and HC, versus Ag/AgCl,KClsat. Three orders of magnitude lower volume loss were found for CC-TS (HVOF) after friction tests compared with HC.

WC-CoCr coatings sprayed by high velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) flame on AA7050 aluminum alloy: electrochemical behavior in 3.5% NaCl solution

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

SECAGEM DE SEMENTES DE SOJA em SILO COM DISTRIBUIÇÃO RADIAL do FLUXO DE AR: I. MONITORAMENTO FÍSICO

O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a evolução física do processo de remoção de água das sementes em secador estacionário, com cilindro central perfurado e distribuição radical de ar. A pesquisa foi conduzida com sementes de soja, variando o fluxo (26,9, 28,4 e 33,2 m³/minuto/t) e a temperatura do ar insuflado (42, 46 e 50ºC), considerando a posição das sementes (17, 34 e 51 cm em relação ao cilindro de insuflação) e o tempo de secagem (zero a doze horas, com intervalos de duas horas). Foram caracterizados o ar ambiente, o ar insuflado, as temperaturas e os teores de água da massa, as velocidades e curvas de secagem. As avaliações realizadas destacaram vantagens físicas operacionais da combinação de 28,4 m³/minuto/t com 46ºC e o contrário, com a combinação de 26,9 m³/minuto/t com 42ºC.