Molecular epidemiology and extended-spectrum β-lactamases production of klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from three dairy herds

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Continuous production of xylooligosaccharides in a packed bed reactor with immobilized-stabilized biocatalysts of xylanase from Aspergillus versicolor

The production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) using a packed-bed enzymatic reactor was studied at lab-scale. For this, a xylanase from Aspergillus versicolor was immobilized on different supports. The optimal derivative was xylanase immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose supports. This derivative preserved 85% of its catalytic activity; it was around 700-fold more stable than the soluble enzyme after incubation at 60. °C and was able to be reused for at least 10 1. h-cycles retaining full catalytic activity. About 18% of oligosaccharides with prebiotic interest (X2-X6) were produced by the glyoxyl derivative in batch hydrolysis. The production of xylobiose was 2.5-fold higher using the immobilized preparation than with soluble enzyme and small concentrations of xylose (<0.1%) were observed only at the end of the reaction. The derivative was employed on a packed bed reactor, and the continuous operation with no recirculation reached 56% and 70% of the end of reaction with flow rates of 60. mL/h and 12. mL/h, respectively. In continuous operation with recirculation at a flow rate of 60. mL/h, the reaction was completed after four hours. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Production of biofilm by Listeria monocytogenes in different materials and temperatures

Listeria monocytogenes, considered as one of the most important foodborne pathogens, is easily found on surfaces, particularly in the form of a biofilm. Biofilms are aggregates of cells that facilitate the persistence of these pathogens in food processing environments conferring resistance to the processes of cleaning and may cause contamination of food during processing, thus, representing a danger to public health. Little is known about the dynamics of the formation and regulation of biofilm production in L.monocytogenes, but several authors reported that the luxS gene may be a precursor in this process. In addition, the product of the inlA gene is responsible for facilitating the entry of the microorganism into epithelial cells that express the receptor E-cadherin, also participates in surface attachment. Thus, 32 strains of L.monocytogenes isolated from different foods (milk and vegetables) and from food processing environments were analyzed for the presence of these genes and their ability to form biofilms on three different surfaces often used in the food industry and retail (polystyrene, glass and stainless steel) at different temperatures (4, 20 and 30°C). All strains had the ilnA gene and 25 out of 32 strains (78.1%) were positive for the presence of the luxS gene, but all strains produced biofilm in at least one of the temperatures and materials tested. This suggests that genes in addition to luxS may participate in this process, but were not the decisive factors for biofilm formation. The bacteria adhered better to hydrophilic surfaces (stainless steel and glass) than to hydrophobic ones (polystyrene), since at 20°C for 24h, 30 (93.8%) and 26 (81.3%) produced biofilm in stainless steel and glass, respectively, and just 2 (6.2%) in polystyrene. The incubation time seemed to be an important factor in the process of biofilm formation, mainly at 35°C for 48h, because the results showed a decrease from 30 (93.8%) to 20 (62.5%) and from 27 (84.4%) to 12 (37.5%), on stainless steel and glass, respectively, although this was not significant (. p=0.3847). We conclude that L.monocytogenes is capable of forming biofilm on different surfaces independent of temperature, but the surface composition may be important factor for a faster development of biofilm. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Programa de trabajo estadístico internacional para América Latina y el Caribe, 1997-1998: Subprograma 1: adaptación y producción de estadísticas básicas en el marco de una estrategia regional para la implementación del Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales 1993 (SCN 1993) = Programme of international statistical work for Latin America and the Caribbean, 1997-1998: Subprogramme 1: adaptation and production of basic statistics in the framework of a regional strategy for the implementation of the System of National Accounts 1993 (SCN 1993)

Incluye Bibliografía

Production of food for consumption and export: the need to achieve optimal balance

Includes bibliography

The production of statistical data and information in the Caribbean: proposals for increasing efficiency in this sphere

Includes bibliography

Report on the production of trade statistics in the Caribbean region

Includes bibliography

Evaluation report of the national training workshop on capacity-building for the production of reliable disaggregated data

.--A. Introduction.--B. Summary of evaluation.

Mexico: industrial policies and the production of information and communication technology goods and services

This study investigates the extent to which the digital boom has had repercussions on productive activity, in terms of both manufacturing (ict goods) and services (ict services), in addition to its potential ramifications in the rest of the Mexican economy. Input-output matrices are used and compared to those of Brazil and the United States. Mexico has fallen behind, particularly in the production of ict goods, and the productive chains of this activity have weakened. The ict services sector offers much greater potential than has been exploited thus far, with the advantage that it involves comparatively more value added and has major diversification possibilities. It is considered essential to find more effective industrial policies targeted on the ict goods and services sectors; but the experience of countries such as Brazil, which have applied more proactive approaches with mixed results, suggests that this will be challenging.

Production of L-asparaginase by filamentous fungi

ABSTRACT: L-asparaginase production was investigated in the filamentous fungi Aspergillus tamarii and Aspergillus terreus. The fungi were cultivated in medium containing different nitrogen sources. A. terreus showed the highest L-asparaginase (activity) production level (58 U/L) when cultivated in a 2% proline medium. Both fungi presented the lowest level of L-asparaginase production in the presence of glutamine and urea as nitrogen sources. These results suggest that L-asparaginase production by of filamentous fungi is under nitrogen regulation.

Improvement of friable callus production of Boerhaavia paniculata Rich and the investigation of its lipid profile by GC/MS

Neste estudo, um protocolo para induzir maiores quantidades de calos friáveis de Boerhaavia paniculata RICH e uma técnica de lipidômica foram aplicados para investigar o perfil dos lipídios e serem comparados com aqueles presentes nas raízes desta planta, os quais apresentaram atividade anti-inflamatória no extrato hexânico bruto. A cultura de calo foi induzida a partir de sementes em meio sólido contendo sais de Murashige e Skoog com diferentes quantidades de glicose e diferentes concentrações de ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético. Os frascos foram mantidos em câmara de germinação a 30 ± 2°C, com fotoperíodo de 16h sob intensidade luminosa de 27 µmol m^–2 s^–1 durante 4 semanas. Os melhores resultados para a formação de calo friável e desenvolvimento da biomassa foram obtidos no tratamento contendo 2,26 µM de 2,4-D e de glicose (1,5 %; m/v). Técnica de lipidômica foi aplicada na fração hexânica mostrando as concentrações mais elevadas de esteróides β-sitosterol (3,53 mg/100 g de cs - células seca ), e ácidos graxos; especialmente o ácido 2-hidroxi-tetracosanóico (0,34 mg/100 g cs), ácido eicosanoico (86,25 mg/100 g cs), ácido esteárico (420,83 mg/100 g cs), ácido tetradecanóico (10,74 mg/100 g cs) e ácido linoléico (100,61 mg/100 g cs). O perfil lipídico do calo versus aquele encontrado nas raízes da planta silvestre é descrito neste trabalho.

Production of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate by Pseudomonas oleovorans grown in sugary cassava extract supplemented with andiroba oil

Pseudomonas oleovorans were grown on sugary cassava extracts supplemented with andiroba oil for the synthesis of a mediumchain- length polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA_MCL). The concentration of total sugars in the extract was approximately: 40 g/L in culture 1, 15 g/L in cultures 2 and 3, and 10 g/L in culture 4. Supplementation with 1% andiroba oil and 0.2 g/L of (NH₄)₂HPO₄ was performed 6.5 hours after growth in culture 3, and supplementation with the same amount of andiroba oil and 2.4 g/L of (NH₄)₂HPO₄ was performed at the beginning of growth in culture 4. The synthesis resulted mainly in 3-hydroxy-decanoate and 3-hydroxy-dodecanoate units; 3-hydroxy-butyrate, 3-hydroxy-hexanoate; and 3-hydroxy-octanoate monomers were also produced but in smaller proportions. P. oleovorans significantly accumulated PHA_MCL in the deceleration phase of growth with an oxygen limitation but with sufficient nitrogen concentration to maintain cell growth. The sugary cassava extract supplemented with andiroba oil proved to be a potential substrate for PHA_MCL production.

Production of a bioherbicide agent in liquid and solid medium and in a biphasic cultivation system

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)