The effects of progressive resistance training combined with a whey-protein drink and vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults with type 2 diabetes: study protocol for a randomized c

While physical activity, energy restriction and weight loss are the cornerstone of type 2 diabetes management, less emphasis is placed on optimizing skeletal muscle mass. As muscle is the largest mass of insulin-sensitive tissue and the predominant reservoir for glucose disposal, there is a need to develop safe and effective evidence-based, lifestyle management strategies that optimize muscle mass as well as improve glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors in people with this disease, particularly older adults who experience accelerated muscle loss.

Collagen type-I leads to in vivo matrix mineralization and secondary stabilization of Mg-Zr-Ca alloy implants

Biodegradable magnesium-zirconia-calcium (Mg-Zr-Ca) alloy implants were coated with Collagen type-I (Coll-I) and assessed for their rate and efficacy of bone mineralization and implant stabilization. The phases, microstructure and mechanical properties of these alloys were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy and compression test, respectively, and the corrosion behavior was established by their hydrogen production rate in simulated body fluid (SBF). Coll-I extracted from rat tail, and characterized using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, was used for dip-coating the Mg-based alloys. The coated alloys were implanted into the femur bones of male New Zealand white rabbits. In vivo bone formation around the implants was quantified by measuring the bone mineral content/density (BMC/BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Osseointegration of the implant and new bone mineralization was visualized by histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Upon surface coating with Coll-I, these alloys demonstrated high surface energy showing enhanced performance as an implant material that is suitable for rapid and efficient new bone tissue induction with optimal mineral content and cellular properties. The results demonstrate that Coll-I coated Mg-Zr-Ca alloys have a tendency to form superior trabecular bone structure with better osteoinduction around the implants and higher implant secondary stabilization, through the phenomenon of contact osteogenesis, compared to the control and uncoated ones in shorter periods of implantation. Hence, Coll-I surface coating of Mg-Zr-Ca alloys is a promising method for expediting new bone formation in vivo and enhancing osseointegration in load bearing implant applications.

Exposure to As(III) and As(V) changes the Ca²⁺-activation properties of the two major fibre types from the chelae of the freshwater crustacean Cherax destructor

Arsenic is a known carcinogen found in the soil in gold mining regions at concentrations thousands of times greater than gold. Mining releases arsenic into the environment and surrounding water bodies. The main chemical forms of arsenic found in the environment are inorganic arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)). Yabbies (Cherax destructor) accumulate arsenic at levels comparable to those in the sediment of their environment but the effect on their physiological function is not known. The effects of arsenic exposure (10 ppm sodium arsenite, AsNaO2 - 5.7 ppm As(III)) and 10 ppm arsenic acid, Na2HAsO4·7H2O - 2.6 ppm As(V)) for 40 days on the contractile function of the two major fibre types from the chelae were determined. After exposure, individual fibres were isolated from the chela, "skinned" (membrane removed) and attached to the force recording apparatus. Contraction was induced in solutions containing increasing [Ca(2+)] until a maximum Ca(2+)-activation was obtained. Submaximal force responses were plotted as a percentage of the maximum Ca(2+)-activated force. As(V) exposure resulted in lower levels of calcium required for activation than As(III) indicating an increased sensitivity to Ca(2+) after long term exposure to arsenate compared to arsenite. Myosin heavy chain and tropomyosin content in individual fibres was also decreased as a result of arsenic exposure. Single fibres exposed to As(V) produced significantly more force than muscle fibres from control animals. Long-term exposure of yabbies to arsenic alters the contractile function of the two major fibre types in the chelae.

Understanding structure-function relationship in hybrid Co3O4-Fe2O3/C lithium-ion battery electrodes

A range of high-capacity Li-ion anode materials (conversion reactions with lithium) suffer from poor cycling stability and limited high-rate performance. These issues can be addressed through hybridization of multiple nanostructured components in an electrode. Using a Co3O4-Fe2O3/C system as an example, we demonstrate that the cycling stability and rate performance are improved in a hybrid electrode. The hybrid Co3O4-Fe2O3/C electrode exhibits long-term cycling stability (300 cycles) at a moderate current rate with a retained capacity of approximately 700 mAh g(-1). The reversible capacity of the Co3O4-Fe2O3/C electrode is still about 400 mAh g(-1) (above the theoretical capacity of graphite) at a high current rate of ca. 3 A g(-1), whereas Co3O4-Fe2O3, Fe2O3/C, and Co3O4/C electrodes (used as controls) are unable to operate as effectively under identical testing conditions. To understand the structure-function relationship in the hybrid electrode and the reasons for the enhanced cycling stability, we employed a combination of ex situ and in situ techniques. Our results indicate that the improvements in the hybrid electrode originate from the combination of sequential electrochemical activity of the transition metal oxides with an enhanced electronic conductivity provided by percolating carbon chains.

Extração de metais (K, Mg, Ba, Ca, Cr, Mn, Li, Fe) de água produzida utilizando sistema microemulsionado

The produced water is a byproduct formed due to production of petroleum and carries with it a high amount of contaminants such as oil particles in suspension, organic compounds and metals. Thus, these latter pollutants are very difficult to treat because of its high solubility in water. The objective of this work is to use and evaluate a microemulsioned system to remove metals ( K , Mg , Ba , Ca , Cr , Mn , Li , Fe ) of synthetic produced water. For the extraction of metals, it was used a pseudoternary diagram containing the following phases: synthetic produced water as the aqueous phase (AP), hexane as organic phase (OP), and a cosurfactant/surfactant ratio equal to four (C/S = 4) as the third phase, where the OCS (saponified coconut oil) was used as surfactant and n-butanol as cosurfactant. The synthetic produced water was prepared in a bench scale and the region of interest in the diagram for the removal of metals was determined by experimental design called. Ten points located in the phase Winsor II were selected in an area with a large amount of water and small amounts of reagents. The samples were analyzed in atomic absorption spectrometer, and the results were evaluated through a statistical assesment, allowing the efficiency analysis of the effects and their interactions. The results showed percentages of extraction above 90% for the metals manganese, iron, chromium, calcium, barium and magnesium, and around 45% for metals lithium and potassium. The optimal point for the simultaneous removal of metals was calculated using statistical artifact multiple response function (MR). This calculation showed that the point of greatest extraction of metals occurs was the J point, with the composition [72% AP, 9% OP, 19% C/S], obtaining a global extraction percentage about 80%. Considering the aspects analyzed, the microemulsioned system has shown itself to be an effective alternative in the extraction of metals on synthetic produced water remediation

Padrão de distribuição de K+, Ca++, Mg++ e P no solo de um pomar de citros em função da fertirrigação

Em solos tropicais, a distribuição dos nutrientes no solo em função da fertirrigação realizada por meio de irrigação localizada (gotejamento e/ou microaspersão), na cultura de citros, é pouco conhecida. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os padrões de distribuição de potássio, cálcio, magnésio e fósforo em solo tropical, em função da fertirrigação, aplicada por dois sistemas de irrigação localizada (microaspersão e gotejamento), sendo que o sistema por gotejamento era composto por uma e duas linhas laterais por linha de plantas, e o de microaspersão por apenas uma linha, e com três dotações hídricas (100%, 75% e 50%) da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), em um pomar de laranjeira. As fontes de fertilizantes utilizadas na fertirrigação foram o nitrato de amônio (fonte de N), o cloreto de potássio (fonte de K+) e o ácido fosfórico (fonte de P). Observouse que, sob o emissor, nos tratamentos com gotejamento, houve depleção nos teores de Ca++ e Mg++ desde a superfície do solo até 60 cm de profundidade em relação aos teores anteriores às fertirrigações, enquanto os teores de P aumentaram, principalmente na camada de 0 cm a 20 cm. Na microaspersão, esses efeitos não foram observados, ocorrendo distribuição mais homogênea desses nutrientes tanto na direção transversal à linha de plantas quanto em profundidade. As lâminas de irrigação aplicadas por irrigação localizada não interferem na distribuição de K+ aplicado por fertirrigação e do Ca++ e Mg++ no solo em profundidade, porém menores lâminas de irrigação promovem maior concentração de P na camada mais superficial do solo, e lâminas maiores carregam o P para camadas mais profundas.

Desempenho, Temperatura Corporal e Qualidade dos Ovos de Poedeiras Alimentadas com Vitaminas D e C em Três Temperaturas Ambiente

O experimento foi conduzido em câmara climática para determinar os efeitos das vitaminas D3 e C sobre o desempenho, temperatura corporal e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras em três temperaturas: termoneutra (24,8º a 27,0º C), estresse calórico cíclico (26,2º C por 16h e 32,1º C por 8h) e estresse calórico constante (30,0º a 32,0º C). Foram utilizadas 144 galinhas brancas com 31 semanas num delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 3x3x3: vitamina D3 (2500, 3000 e 3500 UI/kg), vitamina C (0, 200 e 400 ppm) e temperatura ambiente (termoneutra, estresse calórico cíclico e constante). As características avaliadas foram: consumo de ração (CR), produção de ovos (PO), peso dos ovos (PE), massa de ovos (MO), conversão alimentar (CA), porcentagens de albúmem (AL) e de gema (GE), unidade Haugh (UH), índice de gema (IG), porcentagem de casca (PC), espessura de casca (EC), gravidade específica dos ovos (GO), temperaturas dorsal (TD) e retal (TR). A vitamina D3 interferiu nas características PC, EC, GO e TD; a vitamina C no IG, PC e GO. A temperatura ambiente não afetou somente a UH. Concluiu-se que níveis mais altos de vitamina D3 e níveis de 200 ou 400 ppm de vitamina C na dieta podem melhorar a qualidade da casca e que o estresse calórico prejudicou as principais características avaliadas.

Chemical Profile and Biological Potential of Non-Polar Fractions from Centroceras clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Polymeric precursor method to the synthesis of XWO(4) (X = Ca and Sr) thin films-Structural, microstructural and spectroscopic investigations

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Improvement of electrical properties of Sr-modified (Pb,Ca)TiO3 thin films grown by soft chemistry route

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estresse crônico melhora a função miocárdica sem alterar a atividade do canal-L para Ca+2 em ratos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Histochemical studies of Rhinocricus padbergi Verhoeff ovaries (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Rhinocricidae)

Histochemical studies of Rhinocricus padbergi Verhoeff ovaries demonstrated that the oocytes contained lipids, proteins and polysaccharides. The probable synthesis site of each is considered, and the origin and function of the Ca found is discussed.

Muscular coactivation (CA) around the knee reduces power production in elderly women

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Synthesis of (Ca,Nd)TiO3 powders by complex polymerization, Rietveld refinement and optical properties

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Production of clavulanic acid and cephamycin C by Streptomyces clavuligerus under different fed-batch conditions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)