Proyecto de mejoramiento para la estacion de servicio "La Americana S.A.S"

La estación de servicio “La Americana S.A.S” ha sido una de las primeras estaciones de servicio ubicada en Bucaramanga, dedicada a la comercialización y distribución tanto de gasolina como de los diferentes repuestos y accesorios para los vehículos, razón por la cual desde su fundación y hasta nuestros días, ha venido prestando un servicio destacado, efectivo y cumpliendo siempre con la demanda del mercado proporcionalmente a su consumo. Del mismo modo dicha experiencia dentro de este sector ha producido que con el transcurrir de los años, algunos entes privados y gubernamentales en su mayoría hayan querido hacer acuerdos y negociaciones organizacionales con dicha estación de servicio; claramente este tipo de alianzas estratégicas y negociaciones son de gran importancia ya que le dan el reconocimiento respectivo a La Americana y es así como esta organización recibe periódicamente ganancias y dineros fijos. Resultado de los acuerdos anteriormente mencionados, cabe resaltar que la mayoría de las ventas que realiza esta estación de servicio son producto de las compras hechas por los vehículos pertenecientes a las entidades gubernamentales y privadas en convenio; es importante mencionar que todas estas ventas se realizan vía crédito y por ende la cancelación del servicio correspondiente se hace uno o dos meses luego de prestado el servicio. Así mismo también se ha logrado evidenciar que el consumo por parte de los automóviles particulares con el transcurrir del tiempo se ha disminuido drásticamente debido a diversos factores (geográficos, competitivos y de procesos) tanto internos como externos y siendo una razón para que el total de las ventas y posteriores utilidades no sea el esperado. De continuar esto así en un futuro la empresa podría incurrir en serios problemas que afecten su participación dentro de este mercado. La alta dependencia de las ventas a crédito (entidades públicas y privadas) y la disminución continúa de las ventas de contado (particulares) está ocasionando que la Americana desde ya hace un tiempo tenga baja liquidez financiera y baja rotación de inventarios, así como la disminución considerada de sus utilidades, razón por la cual creemos que la implementación de un modelo de mercadeo así como la creación de un sistema para el conteo y supervisión de los inventarios ayudara a La Americana a poder superar esta pequeña crisis y poder ser una empresa perdurable durante los próximos años .

Avaliação do potencial de novas cultivares de videiras do tipo americana para elaboração de vinhos*.

Os vinhos agem como potentes aliados à saúde, pois em sua composição encontram-se diversos compostos, dentre eles os polifenóis, com elevada ação antioxidante. Recentemente, foram lançadas novas cultivares de videira para elaboração de suco que apresentam potencial para a elaboração de vinho de mesa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o conteúdo de antocianinas totais, de polifenóis totais e caracterizar a cor dos vinhos elaborados com seis novas cultivares de videiras (Concord Clone 30, BRS Carmem, BRS Cora, BRS Magna, BRS Rúbea e BRS Violeta) e com duas tradicionais (?Concord? e ?Isabel?).

Produção de alface americana em função da adubação nitrogenada nas condições de primavera em Jataí-GO.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de duas fontes de nitrogênio (ureia e NovaTec®) na produção da alface americana, nas condições de primavera, em Jataí-GO. Foram utilizadas mudas da cultivar de alface americana Lucy Brown, sendo avaliadas as características: massa fresca total e comercial, número de folhas, diâmetro e comprimento de caule. Verificou-se que todas as características avaliadas foram influenciadas pela adubação com ureia enquanto que NovaTec® influenciou apenas o comprimento de caule e as massas fresca total e comercial. A dose de 61 kg ha-1 de ureia em cobertura, proporcionou a maior massa fresca comercial.

Compostagem de resíduos urbanos e seu efeito na qualidade comercial da alface-americana em Manaus, AM.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade nutricional de compostos orgânicos em duas técnicas e períodos de compostagem e seu efeito nas características comerciais da alface-americana (Lactuca sativa).

Efeito de tempos de dessecação de sementes de Genipa americana L. na umidade para fins de criopreservação.

2016

Viability assessment of Genipa americana L. (Rubiaceae) embryonic axes after cryopreservation using In Vitro culture.

2016

La progresividad del artículo 1° de la Declaración Americana de los Derechos y Deberes: el aporte del desarrollo de los derechos reproductivos en América Latina

 Resumen  El desarrollo progresivo del derecho a la vida, la libertad y la seguridad personal se han visto enriquecidos con la lucha y posterior positivación de los derechos reproductivos, en tanto estos han generado una ampliación de los criterios sobre los cuales se basa la obligación del Estado respecto de los derechos humanos en general, y en particular de aquellos consagrados en el primer artículo de la Declaración Americana de Derechos y Deberes. Los países de América Latina, en el marco de dicha obligación, han adoptado posturas diversas frente a los derechos reproductivos, específicamente en lo que refiere a la despenalización del aborto consolidando tres grandes tendencias regionales que muestran aciertos y desaciertos. El presente artículo que surge como reflexión personal propuesta como aporte académico en el marco de los debates jurídicos llevados a cabo durante el I Congreso Latinoamericano Jurídico sobre Derechos Reproductivos, tiene como objetivo realizar una mirada a dichas tendencias con el fin de dar un panorama general de la situación de América Latina y su deuda frente a los derechos reproductivos y de esta manera pensar propuestas más holísticas para alcanzar la realización de dichos derechos, y consecuentemente seguir promoviendo progresivamente el desarrollo del derecho a la vida, la libertad y la seguridad personal.Palabras clave: derechos reproductivos, vida, libertad personal, progresividad.AbstractThe progressive development of the right to life, liberty and personal security has been enriched by the struggle for and subsequent onset of reproductive rights, in as much as they have widened the State’s obligations towards the respect of human rights and in particular those enumerated in the first article of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties. Latin American countries, within these requirements, have taken diverse stances towards reproductive rights, specifically with regards to the decriminalization of abortion, which can be reduced into three major trends representing successes as well as errors. This article comes as a personal reflection, and proposed as an academic contribution, in the context of legal debates held during the First Latin American Congress on Reproductive Rights Law. It is aimed at taking a look at these trends in order to give an overview on the situation in Latin America and its debt to reproductive rights, and, in this way, to ponder about more holistic proposals to achieve their fulfillment, hence progressively promoting the development of the right to life, to liberty and to personal security. Keywords: Reproductive rights, life, personal liberty, progressiveness.

LA REGLA DE VOTACIÓN ADMITIDA EN LA CONVENCIÓN AMERICANA: UNA MIRADA DESDE SOCIAL CHOICE THEORY

ResumenEn el presente artículo se analiza cuáles son las restricciones que impone la Convención Americanade Derechos Humanos en la construcción de un sistema de elección de representantes populares.Para ello, se tomarán herramientas de Social Choice Theory, que nos permitirán depurar y encontrarprecisamente cuales sistemas electorales no pueden ser tolerados en el Sistema Interamericano deDerechos Humanos.Palabras clave: Social Choice Theory, Derechos Políticos, Teorema de la Imposibilidad de Arrow,Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos.AbstractThis article analyzes which are the restrictions that the American Convention of Human Rights imposeson the construction of an electoral system for popular representation. To do so, tools from Social ChoiceTheory will be taken which will allow us to precise and find which exact electoral systems cannot be toleratedin the Inter-American Human Rights System.Keywords: Social Choice Theory, Political Rights, Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem, Inter-AmericanHuman Rights System.

EL DESARROLLO RECIENTE DE LA GEOGRAFÍA POLÍTICA EN EL AREA ANGLO-AMERICANA

Este ensayo introduce algunos conceptos nuevos, elaborados en el medio anglosajón en los ultimos años. 

The last post? Tracking the Australasian to Aussie Post, 1864-2002

Aussie Post, the flagship of ocker Australiana, folded in January 2002. Post began life as the Australasian, a middlebrow magazine steeped in a nineteenth century civics of stable citizenship with a modicum of diversionary leisure. The transformation began when the Australasian became Australasian Post in 1946 under George Johnston's brief 15-week editorship. Johnston's idealistic vision of Post as a voice of post-war Australian modernity was soon overtaken by commercial imperatives as Post's identity wavered between its civic antecedents and a new low-brow populism, a niche it had finally settled into by the mid-1950s. This tension between staid civics and risqué populism shaped the magazine's long evolution into its final realisation of the pictorial general interest genre. This paper, based on a close examination of the magazines themselves, tracks Post's generic evolution and focuses on the struggle to redefine the magazine’s identity during the post-war period when the axis of Australian identity was reluctantly shifting from the staid traditions of Rule Britannia to the flashy modernity of Pax Americana.

Identifying opportunity spaces for design research in South America: Working with grassroots and community groups

As design research continues to gain momentum in South America, design researchers and practitioners in the region have begun to consider how to the field may address regionally-specific issues, including on-going political struggles. By bringing approaches such as Participatory Design and Adversarial Design that consider political aspects of design, local researchers have explored various forms that these two approaches could take that are tailored to the needs and values of different communities across the region. This paper focuses on identifying opportunities for developing design research projects in community-based and grassroots-oriented contexts. The paper presents the findings of our study about the understanding and experience of design researchers and experts who have been working closely with community groups and grassroots organisations in South America. Five themes emerged, highlighting opportunities and challenges related to positioning contemporary design research in the region, integration of adversarial perspectives into design processes, leveraging local obstacles through creativity, and the potential of building capacity within community groups and grassroots organisations for sustainability and autonomy.

Oidium perseae-americanae sp. nov. on avocado

Oidium perseae-americanae is described causing powdery mildew on avocado (Persea americana) in New Caledonia and Brazil.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis reveals six new species of Diaporthe from Australia

Six new species of Diaporthe, D. beilharziae on Indigofera australis, D. fraxini-angustifoliae on Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa, D. litchicola on Litchi chinensis, D. nothofagi on Nothofagus cunninghamii, D. pascoei on Persea americana and D. salicicola on Salix purpurea from Australia are described and illustrated based on morphological characteristics and molecular analyses. Three of the new species no longer produced sporulating structures in culture and two of these were morphologically described from voucher specimens. Phylogenetic relationships of the new species with other Diaporthe species are revealed by DNA sequence analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and partial regions of the β-tubulin (BT) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF). © 2013 Mushroom Research Foundation.

Increasing the productivity of avocado orchards using high-density plantings: A review

There is strong interest in the use of high-density plantings to increase the productivity of avocado (Persea americana) orchards. Close plantings have the potential for higher yields and returns than standard or traditional plantings, especially in the early years of production. The success of this technology is dependent on the use of methods to control shoot growth and maximise light interception as the trees begin to bear fruit. We reviewed the performance of high-density orchards in different environments, and the success of efforts to control the growth of the trees through the use of dwarfing material, canopy management and growth regulators. Close plantings generally produce higher yields in the first few years of bearing compared with the yields of standard plantings. However, in most growing areas, the trees in the close plantings soon begin to crowd each other and yields decline. This usually occurs despite efforts to control shoot growth by pruning the trees or by applying growth regulators. Efforts to breed dwarfing rootstocks that can control the growth of mature trees have been largely unsuccessful. In the absence of dwarfing material, effective canopy management appears to be the largest barrier to success of high-density orchards. Further research on the use of different pruning strategies and growth regulators to control the growth of the trees and maximise light interception is required. There are potential problems with some of the growth regulators persisting in the harvested fruit and soil under certain circumstances.

Sireenit, floksit ja iirikset- Puu-Käpylän koristekasvit

Puu-Käpylä (“Wooden Käpylä”), a neighbourhood of Helsinki, is the earliest example of the Garden City Movement in Finland. The suburb of valuable wooden architecture was built between 1920 and 1925, with the aim to provide a healthy housing area for working-class families with many children. The houses were erected by a co-operative (Käpylän kansanasunnot, “People?s Dwellings”) and they are protected by the city plan since 1960?s. However, the historical value of the sheltered courtyards has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to survey the garden flora of Puu-Käpylä and to evaluate the authenticity of the courtyard gardens. The survey covered the area of one residential quarter (1.2 ha) with twelve 2-storey semi-detached timber houses arranged around a common yard, which was originally appointed for the tenants? vegetable gardens. The houses are still rented, and each flat is allowed a small lot of the courtyard for cultivation. A complete list was made of all perennial, ornamental plant taxa present in the quarter. Spring bulbs were missed due to the timing of the survey. Generally, the plants were recorded on species level, with the exception of common lilacs, shrub roses, irises and peonies that were thoroughly studied for cultivar identification. It was assumed that plants initially grown in the courtyard could be distinguished by studying Finnish garden magazines, books and nursery catalogues published in the 1920?s and by comparing the present vegetation to surviving documents from the quarter. The total number of ornamental plant taxa identified was 172, of which 17 were trees, 47 shrubs, 7 climbers and 101 herbaceous perennials. The results indicated that a major part of the shrubs, climbers and perennials presumably originated from the 1970?s or later, whereas ca. 70 % of the tree specimens were deemed as original. The survey disclosed a heritage variety of common lilac, resembling cultivar „Prince Notger?, a specific peony taxon, Paeonia humilis Retz., cultivated in Nordic countries since long ago, and a few historic iris varieties. Well-preserved design elements included front gardens on one side of the quarter, a maple alley on another side as well as trees at the garden gates. Old garden books and magazines did not shed much light on the Finnish garden flora commonly used in the period when Puu-Käpylä was built. However, they gave a valuable picture of contemporary planting design. Nursery catalogues offered insight into the assortment of ornamental plants traded in the 1920?s. Conclusions on the authenticity of the current flora were mainly drawn on the basis of old photographs and a vegetation survey map drawn in the 1970?s. This study revealed a need for standardization of syrvey methods applied when investigating garden floras. Uniform survey techniques would make the results comparable and enable a future compilation of data from e.g. historic gardens.