Annuaire des artistes et des amateurs / publié par M. Paul Lacroix,...

1860.

Annuaire des artistes et des amateurs / publié par M. Paul Lacroix,...

1862 (A3).

Rapid analysis of multiclass antibiotic residues and some of their metabolites in hospital, urban wastewater and river water by ultra-highperformance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry

The present work describes the development of a fast and robust analytical method for the determination of 53 antibiotic residues, covering various chemical groups and some of their metabolites, in environmental matrices that are considered important sources of antibiotic pollution, namely hospital and urban wastewaters, as well as in river waters. The method is based on automated off-line solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–QqLIT). For unequivocal identification and confirmation, and in order to fulfill EU guidelines, two selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions per compound are monitored (the most intense one is used for quantification and the second one for confirmation). Quantification of target antibiotics is performed by the internal standard approach, using one isotopically labeled compound for each chemical group, in order to correct matrix effects. The main advantages of the method are automation and speed-up of sample preparation, by the reduction of extraction volumes for all matrices, the fast separation of a wide spectrum of antibiotics by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, its sensitivity (limits of detection in the low ng/L range) and selectivity (due to the use of tandem mass spectrometry) The inclusion of β-lactam antibiotics (penicillins and cephalosporins), which are compounds difficult to analyze in multi-residue methods due to their instability in water matrices, and some antibiotics metabolites are other important benefits of the method developed. As part of the validation procedure, the method developed was applied to the analysis of antibiotics residues in hospital, urban influent and effluent wastewaters as well as in river water samples

Making Things Technical: Paul Samuelson at MIT

This article examines how Samuelson defined his own role as an economist as a technical expert, who walked what he called the "middle of the road" to-seemingly-stay out of the realm of politics. As point of entry I discuss the highly tempting offers made by Theodore M. Schultz in the 1940s to come over to Chicago, which Schultz persistently repeated over three years and despite strong Chicago faculty resistance. A contrast between Schultz's own experiences as an economic expert at Iowa State, Samuelson's work as an external consultant for the National Resources Planning Board during the Second World War, and the firm support of the MIT administration for Samuelson's research serves to pinpoint the meaning of being technical for Samuelson, and the relation of the technical economic expert to the realm of politics.

Headspace needle-trap analysis of priority volatile organic compounds from aqueous samples: application to the analysis of natural and waste waters

Combining headspace (HS) sampling with a needle-trap device (NTD) to determine priority volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water samples results in improved sensitivity and efficiency when compared to conventional static HS sampling. A 22 gauge stainless steel, 51-mm needle packed with Tenax TA and Carboxen 1000 particles is used as the NTD. Three different HS-NTD sampling methodologies are evaluated and all give limits of detection for the target VOCs in the ng L−1 range. Active (purge-and-trap) HS-NTD sampling is found to give the best sensitivity but requires exhaustive control of the sampling conditions. The use of the NTD to collect the headspace gas sample results in a combined adsorption/desorption mechanism. The testing of different temperatures for the HS thermostating reveals a greater desorption effect when the sample is allowed to diffuse, whether passively or actively, through the sorbent particles. The limits of detection obtained in the simplest sampling methodology, static HS-NTD (5 mL aqueous sample in 20 mL HS vials, thermostating at 50 °C for 30 min with agitation), are sufficiently low as to permit its application to the analysis of 18 priority VOCs in natural and waste waters. In all cases compounds were detected below regulated levels

Autorinszenierungen : Paul Nizons und Hugo Loetschers autobiographisch geprägtes Schreiben im Kontext des Archivs

In Autorinszenierungen wird Paul Nizons und Hugo Loetschers autobiographisch geprägtes Schreiben untersucht. Dabei wird gezeigt, wie sich beide - jeder auf seine Weise - bestimmte Autorselbstbildnisse modellieren. Während sich Nizon in den achtziger Jahren zum ,,Autobiographie-Fiktionär" (Am Schreiben gehen, S. 133) proklamiert hat, und all seine Bücher um die Erschreibung eines Ich kreisen, bilden Loetschers autobiographisch geprägten Texte nur einen Teil seines Werkes. Bekannt ist Loetscher vor allem für sein journalistisches Schaffen, in welchem das Ich durchaus einen wichtigen Stellenwert einnimmt. Die Art und Weise, wie beide Autoren in ihren Büchern das Ich schreiben, ist aber verschieden: Nizon erfindet sich in seinen Texten als Figur neu, indem er die Erinnerungsdistanz schreibend überspringt. Loetscher behält die Erzähldistanz als Autor dagegen stets bei, um aus seinem Leben ein Narrativ zu machen. Da die Begriffe der Autofiktion und der Autonarration diese Unterschiede auf einer theoretischen Ebene beinhalten, bilden sie ein passendes Instrumentarium, um Nizons und Loetschers Texte zu benennen und zu befragen. Obwohl es zwischen Nizons autofiktionalen und Loetschers autonarrativen Texten Unterschiede gibt, lassen sich auch Gemeinsamkeiten herausarbeiten. In einem für diese Doktorarbeit wegweisenden Artikel schrieb Roman Bucheli, die ,,Selbstbefragung" fungiere bei beiden als ,,gemeinsamer Nenner" (Ferne Bekannte, S. 57). In dieser Dissertation wird Bucheiis Feststellung aufgegriffen und weiterentwickelt, indem gezeigt wird, dass die erwähnte ,,Selbstbefragung" sowohl bei Nizon als auch bei Loetscher in einer vergleichbaren Selbstgestaltung mündet. Selbst wenn das Resultat dieser Gestaltung bei beiden Autoren dann wiederum verschieden ist, resultiert sie aus einem ähnlichen Arbeitsverfahren heraus, das textgenetisch betrachtet wird. Als archivalisch denkende Autoren erschreiben sich beide bestimmte Autorselbstbildnisse, indem sie ältere Texte aufgreifen, überarbeiten und daraus neue Bücher gewinnen. Ziel der hier zusammengefassten Doktorarbeit ist es also, Paul Nizons und Hugo Loetschers autobiographisch geprägtes Schreiben im Kontext des Archivs über die Begriffe der Autofiktion und der Autonarration wechselseitig gegeneinander zu profilieren. Durch die genaue Analyse des Textmaterials wird gezeigt, wie sich Paul Nizon zum Autofiktionär inszeniert und Hugo Loetscher zum Schriftsteller.

Jean-Paul Marat (1743-1793), cientista e tradutor de Newton

Although Jean Paul Marat (1743-1793) is known as a political activist and as a founder of the controversial journal L'Ami du Peuple during the French Revolution, an important period of his life was spent as a medical practionner, and as a scientist. In 1765 he went to England, where he remained for eleven years mostly dedicated to medical practice and publications on that subject and on political and moral questions. Returning to France in 1776 he iniciated his researches on fire, electricity and light, that lasted practically until the French Revolution. In 1787 he published a translation of Newton's Opticks. In this article we describe in some detail his medical and scientific practice giving particular emphasis to his experiments on optics and to his theory about colors which strongly departs from newtonian theory, fully accepted by the French scientific community of the time.

A Headspace needle-trap method for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in whole blood

Needle trap devices (NTDs) are a relatively new and promising tool for headspace (HS) analysis. In this study, a dynamic HS sampling procedure is evaluated for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in whole blood samples. A full factorial design was used to evaluate the influence of the number of cycles and incubation time and it is demonstrated that the controlling factor in the process is the number of cycles. A mathematical model can be used to determine the most appropriate number of cycles required to adsorb a prefixed amount of VOCs present in the HS phase whenever quantitative adsorption is reached in each cycle. Matrix effect is of great importance when complex biological samples, such as blood, are analyzed. The evaluation of the salting out effect showed a significant improvement in the volatilization of VOCs to the HS in this type of matrices. Moreover, a 1:4 (blood:water) dilution is required to obtain quantitative recoveries of the target analytes when external calibration is used. The method developed gives detection limits in the 0.020–0.080 μg L−1 range (0.1–0.4 μg L−1 range for undiluted blood samples) with appropriate repeatability values (RSD < 15% at high level and <23% at LOQ level). Figure of merits of the method can be improved by using a smaller phase ratio (i.e., an increase in the blood volume and a decrease in the HS volume), which lead to lower detection limits, better repeatability values and greater sensibility. Twenty-eight blood samples have been evaluated with the proposed method and the results agree with those indicated in other studies. Benzene was the only target compound that gave significant differences between blood levels detected in volunteer non-smokers and smokers

Spiders on a Hot Volcanic Roof: Colonisation Pathways and Phylogeography of the Canary Islands Endemic Trap-Door Spider Titanidiops canariensis (Araneae, Idiopidae)

Studies conducted on volcanic islands have greatly contributed to our current understanding of how organisms diversify. The Canary Islands archipelago, located northwest of the coast of northern Africa, harbours a large number of endemic taxa. Because of their low vagility, mygalomorph spiders are usually absent from oceanic islands. The spider Titanidiops canariensis, which inhabits the easternmost islands of the archipelago, constitutes an exception to this rule. Here, we use a multi-locus approach that combines three mitochondrial and four nuclear genes to investigate the origins and phylogeography of this remarkable trap-door spider. We provide a timeframe for the colonisation of the Canary Islands using two alternative approaches: concatenation and species tree inference in a Bayesian relaxed clock framework. Additionally, we investigate the existence of cryptic species on the islands by means of a Bayesian multi-locus species delimitation method. Our results indicate that T. canariensis colonised the Canary Islands once, most likely during the Miocene, although discrepancies between the timeframes from different approaches make the exact timing uncertain. A complex evolutionary history for the species in the archipelago is revealed, which involves two independent colonisations of Fuerteventura from the ancestral range of T. canariensis in northern Lanzarote and a possible back colonisation of southern Lanzarote. The data further corroborate a previously proposed volcanic refugium, highlighting the impact of the dynamic volcanic history of the island on the phylogeographic patterns of the endemic taxa. T. canariensis includes at least two different species, one inhabiting the Jandia peninsula and central Fuerteventura and one spanning from central Fuerteventura to Lanzarote. Our data suggest that the extant northern African Titanidiops lineages may have expanded to the region after the islands were colonised and, hence, are not the source of colonisation. In addition, T. maroccanus may harbour several cryptic species.

Chronique de l'imprimerie : gazette cosmopolite de la typographie et de la lithographie / propriétaire-gérant : Paul Schmidt

1881/04/01 (N16,VOL2)-1881/04/30.

Chronique de l'imprimerie : gazette cosmopolite de la typographie et de la lithographie / propriétaire-gérant : Paul Schmidt

1881/05/01 (N17,VOL2)-1881/05/31.

Chronique de l'imprimerie : gazette cosmopolite de la typographie et de la lithographie / propriétaire-gérant : Paul Schmidt

1880/09/01 (N9,VOL1)-1880/09/30.

Chronique de l'imprimerie : gazette cosmopolite de la typographie et de la lithographie / propriétaire-gérant : Paul Schmidt

1880/06/01 (N6,VOL1)-1880/06/30.