Perfil de fatores de virulência das Escherichia coli isoladas do útero de vacas holandesas após o parto e sua relação com a microbiota uterina

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização fitoquímica e ensaios biológicos de Syngonium podophyllum

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Otimização da síntese para obtenção de Lapdesf ibu-tau e ibu-ftd e ensaio de toxicidade pré-clínica dose única (aguda) e doses repetidas em camundongos

A inflamação é basicamente uma resposta de proteção tissular cuja função é proteger o organismo de micro-organismos e toxinas que promovem a lesão celular. A resposta inflamatória gera o aparecimento dos quatro sinais cardinais dor, edema, calor e rubor podendo posteriormente ocorrer a perda de função do tecido ou órgão. Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs) promovem sua atividade alterando a atividade de prostaglandinas (PGs), por inibição das isoformas de ciclo-oxigenases constitutivas (COX1) e induzidas (COX2). A inibição não seletiva destas enzimas (por AINEs clássicos) gera reações adversas graves, como as reações gastrointestinais, em pacientes pré-dispostos e/ou que as utilizam por um período prolongado. Os AINEs de segunda geração (inibidores seletivos de COX2), também se mostraram tóxicos, podendo causar alterações cardiovasculares. Neste sentido, o planejamento de novos compostos com atividade anti-inflamatória e destituídos de toxicidade ainda é um desafio para a química farmacêutica e medicinal. Dois derivados de ibuprofeno (AINE clássico) foram obtidos anteriormente no Lapdesf por Castro (2008) e Vizioli (2006), demonstrando atividade anti-inflamatória em modelo de inflamação aguda (edema de pata) e crônica (colite ulcerativa), destituídos de gastroulceração (VIZIOLI, 2009). Diante destes resultados o presente estudo visou à preparação dos compostos e o estudo pré-clínico de toxicidade em dose única (aguda) e em doses repetidas em camundongos, bem como as análises comportamentais, histopatológicas dos órgãos e ensaios bioquímicos. Os achados comportamentais, bioquímicos e histopatológicos permitem concluir que não foi observada toxicidade nos modelos estudados, exceto para o grupo de administração dose única de 2000 mg/kg via intraperitoneal do composto Lapdesf ibu-tau.

A vacina Escherichia coli J5 é eficiente para prevenção da mastite clínica, redução da intensidade dos sintomas e da contagem de células somáticas, em vacas e novilhas?

Esta revisão avaliou a eficácia da utilização da vacina E. coli J5, na imunização de vacas e novilhas leiteiras no pós-parto, em relação à prevenção de novos casos de mastite clínica, redução na gravidade dos sinais clínicos dos animais acometidos pela enfermidade, assim como na contagem de células somáticas presentes no leite dos animais doentes. O experimento contou com a avaliação dos dados encontrados em seis trabalhos científicos, divididos em dois grupos, três com estudos em vacas e três com estudos em novilhas. A prevenção de casos de mastite clínica foi observada somente em vacas; no grupo das novilhas não houve diferença entre vacinados e não vacinados. Em relação à gravidade dos sinais clínicos dos animais acometidos com mastite, tanto no grupo das novilhas quanto no das vacas, a vacina mostrou-se eficaz, reduzindo custos com tratamentos, descarte de leite e de animais. Sobre a eficácia da vacina em reduzir contagem de células somáticas presentes no leite dos animais com mastite, a vacina não se mostrou eficaz em vacas e novilhas. Análise econômica indica que a vacina E. coli J5 é lucrativa para produtores de leite de grande, médio e pequeno porte, sendo recomendada tanto para vacas quanto para novilhas, por reduzir os custos de produção e facilitar o manejo das granjas leiteiras

Poética do surrealismo: uma leitura de Campos de Carvalho

In this article we analyze how the character of the story-teller is build up as a fictional creation in the novel Vaca de nariz sutil (1961) by Walter Campos de Carvalho (1916-1998). We associated the building process of the narrator-character to the poetic of the surrealism, process which brings a fragmentary feature to the writer’s language, and reflects a search for some coherency in a given chaotic environment, wherein space itself becomes the role of a dialogue between identity and representation of the real in the construction of the narrative analyzed here.

Neovascularization after ischemic injury: evaluation with 99mTc-HYNIC-RGD

Purpose: Angiogenesis involves many mediators including integrins, and the tripeptide RGD is a target amino acid recognition sequence for many of them. Hindlimb ischemia is a simple and convenient animal model however standardization of the injection procedures in the devascularized and control limb is lacking, thus rendering difficult the interpretation of results. The aim of this investigations was to evaluate neovascularization in a hindlimb murine model by means of 99mTc-HYNIC-ß-Ala-RGD. Methods: 99mTc-HYNIC-RGD analog was prepared using coligands. Ischemia was induced in Wistar rats by double- ligation of the common femoral artery. Radiolabeled RGD was injected after 2h, as well as 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days. Uptake was evaluated by planar imaging and biodistribution studies. Results: The highest ratio between ischemia and control was achieved at the 7th day (2.62 ± 0.95), with substantial decrease by the 14th day. For pertechnetate the 7th day ratio was 0.87 ± 0.23. Scintigraphic image confirmed different uptakes. Conclusion: 99mTc-HYNIC-RGD analog concentrated in ischemic tissue by the time of widespread angiogenesis and pertechnetate confirmed reduction in blood flow. In this sense, the protocol can be recommended for ischemic models.

Effect of supplementary milk feeding on growth and survival of Santa Inês lambs

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influence of genotype-environment interaction on the classification of Nellore bulls in Southern Brazil

The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of genotype-environment interaction, as well as its effects on the magnitude of genetic parameters and the classification of Nellore breeding bulls for the trait adjusted weight at 205 days (W205) on Southern Brazil. The components of (co)variance were estimated by Bayesian inference, using a linear-linear animal model in a bi-trait analysis. The proposed model for the analyses considers as random the direct additive genetic and maternal effects and residual effects, and as fixed effects the contemporary groups, sex, season of birth and weighing, and calving age as covariable (linear and quadratic effects). The a posteriori mean estimates of the direct heritabilities for W205 in the three States varied from 0.24 in Paraná (PR) to 0.34 in Santa Catarina (SC). The estimates of maternal heritability varied from 0.23 in SC and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) to 0.28 in PR. The a posteriori mean distributions of the genetic correlation varied from 0.52 between SC and RS, to 0.84 between PR and RS, suggesting that the best breeding bulls in SC are not the same as in RS.

Assessing land use by cattle in heterogeneous environments

The aim of this note is to describe preliminary results on assessment of land use by cattle, obtained in a pilot study using Geographic Information System (GIS). The research was carried out on a semi-natural pasture in Sweden, where the geographic positions of one cow were recorded during 25 consecutive days during summer. The cow, wearing a GPS collar, was integrated in a herd of 53 Hereford cattle. Each location point registered for the animal was considered as a sampling unit (N=3,097). The spatial distribution of ground declivity, water sources, cattle tracks, and classes of woody vegetation cover (forest, grassland with trees and open grassland) were recorded. The storage, processing and data analysis were carried out using the Idrisi and GS+ softwares. Three occupation zones were identified in function of the variation in the space used by the animal, which were occupied in a cyclical pattern; with the animal moving from one zone to another in cycles of five days. It was also clear that the cattle distribution in the area was neither random nor uniform, and it was affected by environmental characteristics that act as conditioners on its distribution. These preliminary results suggest that definition of zones of occupation and the environmental conditioners are promising tools to understand the land use by cattle

Efeito do tratamento da H. pylori na expressão de citocinas e microRNAs associados ao processo inflamatório

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Indicadores de qualidade e composição de leite informal comercializado na região Sudeste do Estado de São Paulo

The informal milk is recognized as the product marketed without inspection. We evaluated the microbiological quality, nutritional ingredients and substances inhibiting bacterial growth in 100 informal samples from cows milk, marketed in the southwest region of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. It was found that 77% of Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and 86% of Total Bacterial Count (TBC) of the samples were at odds with the maximum values required by Instruction Rules 62 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Supply. It was identified to solids contents in disagreement (36%), protein (23%), fat (38%), nonfat dry extract (43%) and 73% urea nitrogen. In 59% of the samples was detected residues of the bacterial growth inhibitors. Were isolated 240 strains of micro-organisms with a prevalence of enterobacteria, streptococci, staphylococci and fungi. The informal milk is marketed in the region without the minimum hygienic conditions and present risks to public health, and represents serious socio-economic problem for the region.

Effect of helicobacter pylori eradication on TLR2 and TLR4 expression in patients with Gastric Lesions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Preventive diagnosis of dairy cow lameness

This research aimed to develop a Fuzzy inference based on expert system to help preventing lameness in dairy cattle. Hoof length, nutritional parameters and floor material properties (roughness) were used to build the Fuzzy inference system. The expert system architecture was defined using Unified Modelling Language (UML). Data were collected in a commercial dairy herd using two different subgroups (H-1 and H-2), in order to validate the Fuzzy inference functions. The numbers of True Positive (TP), False Positive (FP), True Negative (TN), and False Negative (FN) responses were used to build the classifier system up, after an established gold standard comparison. A Lesion Incidence Possibility (LIP) developed function indicates the chances of a cow becoming lame. The obtained lameness percentage in H-1 and H-2 was 8.40% and 1.77%, respectively. The system estimated a Lesion Incidence Possibility (LIP) of 5.00% and 2.00% in H-1 and H-2, respectively. The system simulation presented 3.40% difference from real cattle lameness data for H-1, while for H-2, it was 0.23%; indicating the system efficiency in decision-making.

Suplementação com gordura protegida para vacas de corte desmamadas precocemente mantidas em pastagem natural

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of beef cows, as well as the performance of their calves according to the following dietary treatments: PRE: supplemented with protected fat (PF) during 45 days prepartum; PREPOS: supplemented with PF during 45 days prepartum and 63 days postpartum; POS: supplemented with PF during 63 days postpartum; PN: without supplementation. The productive performance of cows was not influenced by feed management (P>0.05), except for body condition score (BCS), which was lower for PRE and PREPOS cows at the end of mating season, with the latter cows having similar BCS POS and PN. The calving interval (CI) was shorter for cows supplemented in PREPOS - 376 days -, and did not differ in cows maintained in PN - 383 days. Supplemented PREPOS cows weaned 4.4% more pounds of calf per 100kg of cow at calving - 22.6kg - than the PRE and POS cows - 21.6kg and 21.6kg, respectively - and 8,4% more pounds of calf per 100 of cow at calving than the cows maintained in native pasture - 20.7kg. The fat protected supplementation during pre and/or postpartum periods did not affect the performance of cows and calves.