A ISO 9000 e outras exigências da maior potência econômica do mundo

Exigências de certificação, normas obrigatórias, selo de conformidade da Comunidade Européia e suas novas regulamentações restritivas sobre sistemas de gerenciamento da qualidade e ambiental.

Colonial past and its transition

Cardinal Gracia's choice of India's first cardinal, had the approval of Nehru

Pilares necesarios para una descentralización autónoma sin cooptación del poder central: reflexiones para el proceso descentralizador chileno

El debate sobre la descentralización en Chile ha tomado un nuevo impulso de demandas a través de diversas acciones colectivas regionalistas desarrolladas desde el año 2011, las que han establecido un "nuevo ciclo" marcado por redefiniciones de las relaciones entre Estado y sociedad. Este nuevo periodo se ha caracterizado por un fuerte debate político, el que ha enfrentado a distintas posiciones e intereses en torno a cómo lograr una descentralización que permita un doble virtuosismo: desarrollar grados crecientes de autonomía evitando el caudillismo y la captura de los entes subnacionales por grupos y mafias locales, a la vez que generar un proceso descentralizador que evite la cooptación y control desde el poder central. Problematizando en torno a este último punto, el presente artículo es una investigación descriptiva-exploratoria, con énfasis en lo teórico, que busca identificar dimensiones de éxito de una descentralización no cooptativa, que sirvan como insumo al proceso chileno. Para ello se concluye que los tres pilares fundamentales para alcanzar una descentralización autónoma sin cooptación del poder central son el fortalecimiento y autonomía financiera, la participación y democratización territorial y un proceso de institucionalización.

Tratamento preventivo da raiva humana

Foi elaborada Norma Técnica por uma Comissão constituída pelo Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública do Ministério da Saúde com a participação de represeentantes de vários estados brasileiros para que seja adotado, em todo o território nacional, um mesmo esquema de tratamento anti-rábico preventivo humano pós-exposição ao contágio.

Esquema reduzido de vacinação anti-rábica humana pré-exposição e avaliação de doses anuais de reforço

São apresentados os resultados do emprego de esquema de vacinação anti-rábida humana pré-exposição, constituído de 3 doses de vacina tipo Fuenzalida-Palacios administradas a 165 pacientes em dias alternados, mais uma dose de reforço no 30.° dia após a dose inicial. Os títulos de anticorpos foram determinados por prova de soroneutralização em amostras de sangue colhidas antes, 30 e 40 dias após administração da primeira dose. Verificou-se que no 30.° dia, 74,6% dos pacientes apresentaram anticorpos neutralizantes no soro, valor que se elevou a 98,1% no quadragésimo dia, o que mostra a eficácia do esquema em relação à resposta imunitária em tempo relativamente curto e a importância da dose de reforço como estímulo à produção de anticorpos. Nos pacientes submetidos às doses anuais de reforço num período de 10 anos, verificou-se aumento gradual da presença de anticorpos antes da administração da dose de reforço subseqüente, até atingir valores de 100%. Face aos resultados obtidos foi sugerido que as doses de reforço sejam administradas a intervalos de tempo maiores e precedidas da titulagem de anticorpos a fim de se avaliar da necessidade ou não de sua administração.

Nonmonotonic Magnetic Susceptibility of Dipolar Hard-Spheres at Low Temperature and Density

We investigate, via numerical simulations, mean field, and density functional theories, the magnetic response of a dipolar hard sphere fluid at low temperatures and densities, in the region of strong association. The proposed parameter-free theory is able to capture both the density and temperature dependence of the ring-chain equilibrium and the contribution to the susceptibility of a chain of generic length. The theory predicts a nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the initial (zero field) magnetic susceptibility, arising from the competition between magnetically inert particle rings and magnetically active chains. Monte Carlo simulation results closely agree with the theoretical findings. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.148306

Computing the phase diagram of binary mixtures: A patchy particle case study

We investigate the phase behaviour of 2D mixtures of bi-functional and three-functional patchy particles and 3D mixtures of bi-functional and tetra-functional patchy particles by means of Monte Carlo simulations and Wertheim theory. We start by computing the critical points of the pure systems and then we investigate how the critical parameters change upon lowering the temperature. We extend the successive umbrella sampling method to mixtures to make it possible to extract information about the phase behaviour of the system at a fixed temperature for the whole range of densities and compositions of interest. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

Branching points in the low-temperature dipolar hard sphere fluid

In this contribution, we investigate the low-temperature, low-density behaviour of dipolar hard-sphere (DHS) particles, i.e., hard spheres with dipoles embedded in their centre. We aim at describing the DHS fluid in terms of a network of chains and rings (the fundamental clusters) held together by branching points (defects) of different nature. We first introduce a systematic way of classifying inter-cluster connections according to their topology, and then employ this classification to analyse the geometric and thermodynamic properties of each class of defects, as extracted from state-of-the-art equilibrium Monte Carlo simulations. By computing the average density and energetic cost of each defect class, we find that the relevant contribution to inter-cluster interactions is indeed provided by (rare) three-way junctions and by four-way junctions arising from parallel or anti-parallel locally linear aggregates. All other (numerous) defects are either intra-cluster or associated to low cluster-cluster interaction energies, suggesting that these defects do not play a significant part in the thermodynamic description of the self-assembly processes of dipolar hard spheres. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

Nonlinear mixture model for hyperspectral unmixing

Proceedings of International Conference - SPIE 7477, Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing XV - 28 September 2009

Self-assembly in chains, rings, and branches: a single component system with two critical points

Agências financiadoras: FCT - PEstOE/FIS/UI0618/2011; PTDC/FIS/098254/2008 ERC-PATCHYCOLLOIDS e MIUR-PRIN

Economic analysis of surgical treatment of hip fracture in older adults

OBJECTIVE To analyze the incremental cost-utility ratio for the surgical treatment of hip fracture in older patients.METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of a systematic sample of patients who underwent surgery for hip fracture at a central hospital of a macro-region in the state of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2011. A decision tree creation was analyzed considering the direct medical costs. The study followed the healthcare provider’s perspective and had a one-year time horizon. Effectiveness was measured by the time elapsed between trauma and surgery after dividing the patients into early and late surgery groups. The utility was obtained in a cross-sectional and indirect manner using the EuroQOL 5 Dimensions generic questionnaire transformed into cardinal numbers using the national regulations established by the Center for the Development and Regional Planning of the State of Minas Gerais. The sample included 110 patients, 27 of whom were allocated in the early surgery group and 83 in the late surgery group. The groups were stratified by age, gender, type of fracture, type of surgery, and anesthetic risk.RESULTS The direct medical cost presented a statistically significant increase among patients in the late surgery group (p < 0.005), mainly because of ward costs (p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was higher in the late surgery group (7.4% versus 16.9%). The decision tree demonstrated the dominance of the early surgery strategy over the late surgery strategy: R$9,854.34 (USD4,387.17) versus R$26,754.56 (USD11,911.03) per quality-adjusted life year. The sensitivity test with extreme values proved the robustness of the results.CONCLUSIONS After controlling for confounding variables, the strategy of early surgery for hip fracture in the older adults was proven to be dominant, because it presented a lower cost and better results than late surgery.

Recent history of fractional calculus

This survey intends to report some of the major documents and events in the area of fractional calculus that took place since 1974 up to the present date.

Properties of patchy colloidal particles close to a surface: a Monte Carlo and density functional study

We investigate the behavior of a patchy particle model close to a hard-wall via Monte Carlo simulation and density functional theory (DFT). Two DFT approaches, based on the homogeneous and inhomogeneous versions of Wertheim's first order perturbation theory for the association free energy are used. We evaluate, by simulation and theory, the equilibrium bulk phase diagram of the fluid and analyze the surface properties for two isochores, one of which is close to the liquid side of the gas-liquid coexistence curve. We find that the density profile near the wall crosses over from a typical high-temperature adsorption profile to a low-temperature desorption one, for the isochore close to coexistence. We relate this behavior to the properties of the bulk network liquid and find that the theoretical descriptions are reasonably accurate in this regime. At very low temperatures, however, an almost fully bonded network is formed, and the simulations reveal a second adsorption regime which is not captured by DFT. We trace this failure to the neglect of orientational correlations of the particles, which are found to exhibit surface induced orientational order in this regime.