1000 resultados para PROFESSORES DE ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
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O presente trabalho aborda os problemas relacionados com a escassez de água, os desafios para preservação, as perspectivas futuras e a conscientização da população. Mostra que grande parcela da população mundial já sofre com a falta de água potável, levando a conflitos pelos usos múltiplos da água. As diversas formas de poluição causam degradação dos rios, lagos e aquíferos prejudicando todas as formas de vida, desequilibrando todo o ecossistema. Novas tecnologias para agricultura, estratégias para aumentar as reservas de água potável tanto superficiais quanto subterrâneas e estratégias para o reaproveitamento de água são medidas encontradas para um consumo sustentável
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This research work aims to analyze and understand the teaching of geography in the perspective of historical and critical pedagogy, with the object of analysis, the Center for Integrated Natural Disaster Alerts (CIADEN) for students in Cycle I of the Elementary School, located in Etec “Astor de Mattos Carvalho”, in Cabrália Paulista-SP. Deepening the knowledge of geography teaching in a critical and controversial about the bad weather and the use of new technologies to transform the social order and its relationship with the environment. Contributing to the students and the community have a new proposal for action from the content learned, capable of solving the present and future with respect to weather, climate and natural disasters. To implement a culture of prevention and risk perception, providing the diffusion of knowledge socially useful
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This research aims to show how children can learn the meaning of forgiveness in order to build their autonomy and moral . Research is essential to support teachers to work morale within the classroom with their students , so that conflicts a re minimized or even eliminated . Through Piagetian clinical method was observed and interviewed students from the first year of elementary school , trying to identify those who can take a perspective other than you r own . All this in order to inve stigate the possibility of these becoming autonomous and can measure th e consequences of their actions . To develop the moral and intellectual autonomy of the students , Piaget (1994 ) shows the importance of children to act properly by choice , not by pres sure punishments or rewards , and that they have the correct answers , not because someone showed you , but because found . Through research , we found that students are able to forgive, but often requiring that the colleague is also punished in some way. Fo r in fact the children act autonomously it is necessary that the school provides situations where they can experience the cooperation , reciprocity, mutual respect , and thus gradually build their autonomy
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This study aimed to gather information about the social and linguistic reality of students 1. years of elementary school and community that came, in order to identify aspects of their lexical phonological levels, morphological and morphosyntactic and thus identify and describe the alternative variants of non-standard rule. The methodology chosen was that of variational sociolinguistics addressing quantitative and qualitative aspects in the treatment of the data collected through participant observation and audio recordings of speeches of the students. The results indicate that the level of phonological variants are the most frequent in the speech of students. Because the literacy phase, how the student speaks serves you a guide to the act of writing, so it is necessary to work with the students the difference between oral and written form and monitoring of these two modes according to the context of the discourse
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This research analyzed if the interactions between teacher and student, and among students, with the use of manipulative materials in the Mathematics teaching in a middle school class and provided the comprehension of the subjects worked. The analysis of the results was based in Vygotsky’s socio-historical theory, that prioritizes the interactions in learning-teaching process. The results of this research showed that these interactions mediated by the use of such materials provide the student with the motivation needed to take part in the math classes as an active actor in his development process, as well as understanding the concepts
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Esta pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa busca informações em diferentes tipos de materiais que não receberam, ainda, nenhum trato científico (OLIVEIRA, 2007), como é o caso específico dos ditados dos alunos. Originou-se no Projeto Bolsa Escola Pública e Universidade na Alfabetização, criado pela Secretária da Educação do Estado de São Paulo, do qual participei como aluna-pesquisadora no ano de 2009. O objetivo principal foi o de averiguar se houve evolução da escrita, em ditados de 23 crianças de um segundo ano do ensino fundamental e, quando houve, se ela foi diferente entre os grupos de palavras constituídas de sílabas simples e complexas. Os ditados analisados constituíam-se de palavras e, em algumas ocasiões, também de frases e foram aplicados pela professora da sala em cinco períodos diferentes do ano letivo: março, abril e junho – primeiro semestre; setembro e novembro – segundo semestre. Os alunos apresentaram diferentes níveis de construção de aprendizagem da escrita entre si e, para caracterizá-los, durante a sua evolução, utilizei os níveis de evolução da escrita de Ferreiro e Teberosky (1999). A pesquisa apresenta relevância, não só ao questionar o uso, ainda hoje, do ditado em sala de aula, como uma prática para avaliar a evolução da escrita da criança, no início do processo de alfabetização, ou como uma prática mecânica, utilizada pelos educadores por ser um tanto cômodo, mas também, ao estabelecer, pelo trabalho do aluno-pesquisador, a relação entre a teoria e a prática, resultando em uma visão mais abrangente da sala de aula, do cotidiano escolar e do processo de alfabetização. Os resultados mostraram que o ditado pode ser utilizado em sala de aula pela professora como um meio para analisar... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Overall, in Brazilian schools, the concept of reading does not take into account its possibilities and its meaning for life. But read is assigning meaning to something , make sense, interact with the text read. Thus, the present study addresses the mechanical reading, that without contextualization, performed on a technique by joining letters and syllables loose and also reading social use, consisting of statements, dialogism , polyphony and heteroglossy. It is known that the mechanical reading brings undesirable consequences, including learning problems, such as lack of attention, concentration, memory, imagination. When the reading is taught in a systematic way, with only the goal of the code decoding of written language, destroys social perspectives and intellectual development. It is common, when you offer the children a book, there the difficult disinterest of textual interpretation, because there is no attribute meaning to the content, and even the ability to interact with the text. With the interest in studying the dialogic reading this and the statements and genres, the present study was based on several authors: Bakhtin (1988, 2000), Schneuwly and Dolz (2000), Faraco (2009) and Ponzio (2009) Jolibert (1994), Bajard (2002; 2007) Foucambert (1997) Martins ( 1985) and Smith ( 1999). Aim for this study the following research question: what are the contributions of Mikhail Bakhtin's theory to the teaching of reading from kindergarten through the first grade of elementary school? Our hypothesis is that if they are guaranteed to pre -school and elementary school beginners diversified materials and new approaches in teaching reading and encouragement to her, will be developed in children a taste for the act of reading, so that they can assign meaning and significance, making reading part of their lives...
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This study aimed to investigate the childhood from the entrance of the child in the primary education, with specific objective of analysis the discussions about the appropriateness of content and pedagogical practices to the specific characteristics of students. The research context is the period of expansion for nine years that Brazilian primary education is experiencing which allows the entrance of six years old children. For this achievement we choose theoretical and empirical research, in a primary 2nd grade classroom of a public school, with a methodological approach that enabled the understanding of characteristics which belongs the researched reality through observation that could verify this mentioned reality as well as interviews that could reflect the children conception. Among the main results we can highlight: 1) There is a rupture between kindergarten and primary teaching, the kids have noticed and reported the structural and environment differences, they feel lack of proper spaces for play and of resources like: playground, sandbox and toys in general. 2) The childhood of researched kids appears as a life period different from the adult life, playing appears as a characteristic of that moment. 3) The importance of ponder the pedagogical practices aimed at this ages, so that we can consider the play as an ally in this process, allowing that the kids have more possibilities in the learning process
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The topic in this work involving the resolution of problems with structure multiplicativa emerged from discussions carried out on the difficulties encountered by students of the first cycle of the Fundamental School in Mathematics, mainly in respect of the arithmetic. The research had as objective to investigate the main difficulties presented by these students when they are faced with a task for a resolution of problems with multiplicativa structure. Were participants, in the first stage of the study, 20 students of the fifth year of the Fundamental School of a state school of public education of the State of Sao Paulo. These students have an assessment containing ten problems with structure multiplicativa answered a questionnaire regarding of mathematics. In the second stage, were selected two students to participate in the think aloud. The data analysis showed that the difficulties presented by the participants were: 1- difficulty to read and interpret the set of problems; 2- select the operation correct; 3- to operate correctly; 4 – Trouble writing
Violência no contexto escolar: um estudo das representações de alunos e alunas do ensino fundamental
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Um dos temas mais discutidos na instituição de ensino é a problemática da violência dentro do espaço escolar. Porém sabemos que essa questão é delicada e complexa e, para o seu enfrentamento, é necessário, entre outras medidas, o conhecimento de como os jovens percebem sobre esta questão no contexto da escola. Para tanto, este trabalho buscou o prisma dos estudantes sobre o assunto. O objetivo dessa investigação foi compreender a visão de alunos e alunas, estudantes de uma escola municipal, localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo, na cidade de Botucatu, sobre as manifestações violentas (físicas, verbais, psicológicas), no âmbito escolar, as possíveis causas dessas ações, bem como suas sugestões para solucionar o problema da violência no interior das instituições educacionais. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa e os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários individuais, discussões em grupo de textos jornalísticos, produção individual de desenhos e produção de cartazes em grupo. Os dados coletados e analisados revelam que as representações sobre a violência escolar mais freqüente estão relacionadas à violência física, sendo que a violência verbal e psicológica aparece com índices semelhantes e com uma freqüência muito menor que a violência física. O estudo também identifica a maneira como essas ações agressivas são identificadas e tratadas pelos alunos; quem são os envolvidos nos atos de agressão; os locais e horário de maior incidência de violência dentro da escola; qual a vivência dos participantes da pesquisa sobre a violência; e que medidas eles buscariam para solucionar essa problemática em sua escola. Conclui-se que, para a maioria dos alunos, a solução do problema da violência é necessária aplicar punições disciplinares e policiais cada vez mais radicais. Medidas ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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From a diagnostic on the learning of written text, this research aimed to carry out educational activities aimed at textual production, performing operation and activity of reflection on texts written by students in a learning situation of parallel recovery, aiming to improve the standard textuality of his written production. These actions were guided from the conception of language as social practice and discourse and, later, a survey was made in the standard of textuality textual productions resulting from such actions. 5 students participated in the research of a 4th grade of elementary school, a School of Duartina peripheral zone integrating the local school system of that city. The textual productions written by these students were analyzed from three categories: common mistakes in the process of literacy, with subdivisions: phonetic transcription, dialetação, hollow hipossegmentação or vocabulary, or improper separation hiperssegmentação, overcorrection, exchange, omission or addition letters, phonemes homorganic exchange; factors textual and contextual, in which it reviewed the following factors: coherence, cohesion and story elements, clarity, in which category were analyzed: the segmentation of text into paragraphs, grammar errors of different nature, use of direct and indirect speech. The results of the intervention and ongoing analysis of data shows that there has been considered developments in the performance of the written production of the research subjects
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The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of playfulness and interpersonal relationships at school. The methodology of the study was divided into three phases: the first phase was a survey and analysis of studies in the field of childhood playfulness and interpersonal relationships, from a reference from a multidisciplinary reference, supported in the areas of Educational Psychology and history and sociology of childhood and the second was the realization of an empirical study in a classroom of 1st year of elementary school, in which we use as instruments the use of participant observation, semistructured interviews with six selected students and collected school records and the third phase focused on analysis of data from a qualitative perspective with dialogues between literature in the area and data analysis. Among the main directions of study have the following problematizations: school world not adapted in order to enroll in elementary school, lack of playfulness, interpersonal relations in this context. By analyzing this information and the main results we have the advancement of education in the new environment where playfulness, as the jokes were not taken during the year by the teacher, but remained present in the actions of children, highlighting also the symbolism and sets of rules. Interpersonal relationships were present at all times, between being a friend, share and discuss, through the interactions. Therefore, we consider that there are still challenges to deal with this new child who enters school as it relates to your mood, the play, study or friendship
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A importância do estudo da paleontologia está no seu caráter integrador, reunindo conhecimentos de várias áreas, o que pode contribuir para que os alunos do ensino básico entendam a história da vida no planeta, encarando a evolução como um processo contínuo e bem evidenciado no qual também estamos inseridos. No contexto de pequena presença do ensino da paleontologia na Educação Básica, outros espaços de educação não formal ganham força na transmissão desses conhecimentos à população e, dentre estes espaços, na área da paleontologia, encontram-se as exposições de fósseis. Estas permitem que os conhecimentos desenvolvidos na universidade e que normalmente ficam restritos ao âmbito universitário sejam levadas ao conhecimento de um grande número de alunos, contribuindo para a formação e alfabetização científica. A partir desta perspectiva, o presente estudo teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de uma exposição de fósseis e réplicas para os alunos do ensino básico da rede pública das escolas de Botucatu e região. Através dessa exposição, chamada Paleo Expo, pretendeu-se que os alunos conhecessem a história da vida na Terra, tivessem contato com os principais eventos evolutivos e entendessem a evolução como um processo contínuo e bem evidenciado, contribuindo para o enriquecimento dos conhecimentos dos visitantes, aguçando a curiosidade e gerando reflexões. A exposição, destinada a alunos de sexta a oitava series do ensino fundamental, priorizou a participação ativa dos alunos e contou também com atividades complementares, que consistiram em um jogo educativo e uma apresentação de informações sobre como são realizadas as pesquisas em paleontologia. A Paleo Expo, de um modo geral, atingiu seus objetivos e os alunos se mostraram estimulados e participativos. Pode-se considerar, pelos dados coletados, que a experiência... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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This study is a reflexive review of theories about the teaching of English to children in Elementary School, a suggestion to teach English through the Fairy Tales and Fables, associated with the study of Transversal Themes suggested by the plot in the selected stories. Based on the Communicative Approach to language were conducted a few classes with students of the 4th year of Elementary School in a private school of Bauru city. A bibliographic study was conducted in Applied Linguistics, Philosophy of Education, Psychoanalysis, Approaches to teaching Foreign Language and Theories related to foreign language acquisition