Benthic community recovery from brine impact after the implementation of mitigation measures

In many regions, seawater desalination is a growing industry that has its impact on benthic communities. This study analyses the effect on benthic communities of a mitigation measure applied to a brine discharge, using polychaete assemblages as indicator. An eight-year study was conducted at San Pedro del Pinatar (SE Spain) establishing a grid of 12 sites at a depth range of 29–38 m during autumn. Brine discharge started in 2006 and produced a significant decrease in abundance, richness and diversity of polychaete families at the location closest to the discharge, where salinity reached 49. In 2010, a diffuser was deployed at the end of the pipeline in order to increase the mixing, to reduce the impact on benthic communities. After implementation of this mitigation measure, the salinity measured close to discharge was less than 38.5 and a significant recovery in polychaete richness and diversity was detected, to levels similar to those before the discharge. A less evident recovery in abundance was also observed, probably due to different recovery rates of polychaete families. Some families like Paraonidae and Magelonidae were more tolerant to this impact. Others like Syllidae and Capitellidae recovered quickly, although still affected by the discharge, while some families such as Sabellidae and Cirratulidae appeared to recover more slowly.

Bioindicators as metrics for environmental monitoring of desalination plant discharges

Development of desalination projects requires simple methodologies and tools for cost-effective and environmentally-sensitive management. Sentinel taxa and biotic indices are easily interpreted in the perspective of environment management. Echinoderms are potential sentinel taxon to gauge the impact produced by brine discharge and the BOPA index is considered an effective tool for monitoring different types of impact. Salinity increase due to desalination brine discharge was evaluated in terms of these two indicators. They reflected the environmental impact and recovery after implementation of a mitigation measure. Echinoderms disappeared at the station closest to the discharge during the years with highest salinity and then recovered their abundance after installation of a diffuser reduced the salinity increase. In the same period, BOPA responded due to the decrease in sensitive amphipods and the increase in tolerant polychaete families when salinities rose. Although salinity changes explained most of the observed variability in both indicators, other abiotic parameters were also significant in explaining this variability.

The globalization of angel investments. Bruegel Working Paper 2015/09, 1 September 2015

The last decade has seen a rapid expansion and deepening of the types of vehicles that fund start-up firms in the U.S. and worldwide. In particular, we have seen a growing role of angel groups and other more “individualistic” funding options for start-ups, such as super angels or crowd sourcing platforms. Authors seek to understand the nature and consequences of angel investments across a variety of geographies with varying levels of venture capital markets and other forms of risk capital. They ask whether angel investors improve the outcomes and performance of the start-ups they invest in. Furthermore we want to understand whether and how the types of firms that seek angel funding vary with the overall entrepreneurial ecosystem in a country. Authors examine the records of 13 angel investment groups based in 12 nations and with applicants for financing transactions from 21 nations, examining both the applicants that were considered and rejected and those that were funded. Key findings from the analysis are two-fold. First, angel investors have a positive impact on the growth of the firms they fund, their performance, and survival. Second, they find that the selection of firms that apply for angel funding is different across countries.

Escada rolante do consumidor aplicada ao Gil Vicente F. C.

No seio do Marketing Desportivo e das suas especificidades, a adoção de uma política estrategicamente relacional entre o clube o consumidor, afigura-se como um ponto fulcral para este estudo uma vez que a vertente irracional e os níveis de paixão que normalmente caraterizam os consumidores do produto desportivo, diferenciando-os assim do meio comum do consumo, são fatores decisivos para a sua aplicação. O principal objetivo deste estudo incide sobre o aumento das assistências no Estádio Cidade de Barcelos e consequentemente uma subida dos consumidores numa escada rolante de consumo, sendo que para esse efeito foram entrevistados 103 sócios do Gil Vicente FC devidamente extraídos de uma amostra de 3543, com base numa análise probabilística estratificada. Com a leitura deste estudo, será possível compreender e interpretar as necessidades, desejos e motivações daqueles que são o principal ativo do Gil Vicente FC, os seus sócios, perceber a dinâmica interna do clube bem como o ambiente externo em que está inserido e apreciar uma possível solução para que a relação entre clube e sócios cresça, e que desse crescimento se criem bases e pressupostos visivelmente favoráveis para qualquer uma das partes envolvidas.

El angel del bosque; recreaciones morales - libro para la familia. Novela orijinal,

Mode of access: Internet.

Cecilia Valdés; o, La loma del Angel; novela de costumbres cubanas,

Mode of access: Internet.

Un "hombre de letras" argentino: Angel de Estrada ...

"Extracto de la revista 'Nosotros,' año XI, núm. 96, abril de 1917."

Deuda publica del Uruguay. Debates en el Senado. Discursos del Señor ministro de hacienda Dr. D. Carlos Maria Ramirez y réplicas del senador por la Florida Dr. D. Angel Floro Costa.

Mode of access: Internet.

Manelich : dos poesías inspiradas en el drama "Tierra baja" de don Angel Guimerá, y escritas con motivo de la magistral interpretación que del protagonista hace el actor venezolano don Teófilo Leal B. /

Mode of access: Internet.

Hänsel und Gretel = fairy opera. Angel scene /

Caption title.

The angel warriors at Mons, including numerous confirmatory testimonies, evidence of the wounded and certain curious historical parallels;

Cover-title.

The angel of forgiveness,

Mode of access: Internet.