Efecto de los dispositivos de emisión de microondas, radiofrecuencia no ablativa y ultrasonido microfocalizado en el tratamiento de la hiperhidrosis primaria revisión sistemática de la literatura

Antecedentes y objetivos: La hiperhidrosis primaria afecta el 2,8% de la población de Estados Unidos. Condición que impacta el desarrollo social de los individuos afectados, ocasionando fobia social. Existen opciones disponibles para el tratamiento de la hiperhidrosis incluyendo medicamentos tópico, sistémico, inyectable y quirúrgico. El objetivo de ésta revisión sistemática de la literatura es determinar la efectividad y seguridad de los dispositivos de emisión de microondas, radiofrecuencia no ablativa y sistema de ultrasonido microfocalizado para el tratamiento de la hiperhidrosis primaria. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura de artículos obtenidos de bases de datos: Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Ovid y Scielo. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados controlados, ensayos cuasiexperimentales desde el 2011; donde evaluaran el uso de estos dispositivos en el manejo de hiperhidrosis primaria. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 21 artículos en total. Se encontró que con los tres dispositivos se logra una reducción significativa a puntajes entre 1 y 2 de la escala de Severidad de la Hiperhidrosis; en 3 estudios se encontró mejoría en la calidad de vida; los eventos adversos fueron transitorios, siendo más frecuentes con el dispositivo de emisión de microondas. Conclusión: Primera revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el efecto de estos tres dispositivos en el manejo de hiperhidrosis. Se espera aportar a la literatura existente una recomendación acerca de la efectividad y seguridad de estos dispositivos para que sea aplicado en los pacientes con diagnóstico de hiperhidrosis primaria.

Guía de práctica clínica para la enfermedad hepática grasa no alcohólica

Objetivo: Brindar una guía de práctica clínica basada con la evidencia más reciente para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la Enfermedad Hepática Grasa No alcohólica teniendo en cuenta la efectividad y seguridad de las intervenciones dirigidas a pacientes, personal asistencial, administrativo y entes gubernamentales de cualquier servicio de atención en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Esta guía fue desarrollada por un equipo multidisciplinario con apoyo de la Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología, el Grupo Cochrane ITS y el Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se desarrollaron preguntas clínicas relevantes y se realizó la búsqueda de guías nacionales e internacionales en bases de datos especializadas. Las guías existentes fueron evaluadas en términos de calidad y aplicabilidad. Una guía cumplió los criterios de adaptación, por lo que se decidió adaptar 3 preguntas clínicas. El Grupo Cochrane realizó la búsqueda sistemática de la literatura. Las tablas de evidencia y recomendaciones fueron realizadas con base a la metodología GRADE. Las recomendaciones de la guía fueron socializadas en una reunión de expertos con entes gubernamentales y pacientes. Resultados: Se desarrolló una guía de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la Enfermedad Hepática Grasa No alcohólica en Colombia Conclusiones: El diagnóstico y manejo oportuno de la Enfermedad Hepática Grasa No alcohólica contribuirá a disminuir la carga de la enfermedad en Colombia y las enfermedades asociadas

Labor pain: Non-pharmacological measures preferred by parturient

Background: Labor pain is a legacy given by bipedalism, sendentarism and greater fetos robustness. It is expected that nurses mostly apply non-pharmacological methods of pain relief, putting the account of the mother to your preferences. Aim: To describe the women preferences about pain relief no-pharmacological measures. Method: Convenience sample of 180 parturients, with mean age of 30.81 years (SD = 5.31), ranging from 17 to 43 years. Results: all positions are valued as a pain relief way. The most valued, classified as "strongly relief" is the lateral decubitus in bed (45.7%), followed by walking (40.4%) and sitting swing (38.9%). Conclusion: Mothers show preference for traditional measure as lateral position on the bed. A greater familiarity with other relief measures could facilitate labor experience.

Advanced neuroimaging methodologies to improve connectivity detection in normal and abnormal language brain networks

The language connectome was in-vivo investigated using multimodal non-invasive quantitative MRI. In PPA patients (n=18) recruited by the IRCCS ISNB, Bologna, cortical thickness measures showed a predominant reduction on the left hemisphere (p<0.005) with respect to matched healthy controls (HC) (n=18), and an accuracy of 86.1% in discrimination from Alzheimer’s disease patients (n=18). The left temporal and para-hippocampal gyri significantly correlated (p<0.01) with language fluency. In PPA patients (n=31) recruited by the Northwestern University Chicago, DTI measures were longitudinally evaluated (2-years follow-up) under the supervision of Prof. M. Catani, King’s College London. Significant differences with matched HC (n=27) were found, tract-localized at baseline and widespread in the follow-up. Language assessment scores correlated with arcuate (AF) and uncinate (UF) fasciculi DTI measures. In left-ischemic stroke patients (n=16) recruited by the NatBrainLab, King’s College London, language recovery was longitudinally evaluated (6-months follow-up). Using arterial spin labelling imaging a significant correlation (p<0.01) between language recovery and cerebral blood flow asymmetry, was found in the middle cerebral artery perfusion, towards the right. In HC (n=29) recruited by the DIBINEM Functional MR Unit, University of Bologna, an along-tract algorithm was developed suitable for different tractography methods, using the Laplacian operator. A higher left superior temporal gyrus and precentral operculum AF connectivity was found (Talozzi L et al., 2018), and lateralized UF projections towards the left dorsal orbital cortex. In HC (n=50) recruited in the Human Connectome Project, a new tractography-driven approach was developed for left association fibres, using a principal component analysis. The first component discriminated cortical areas typically connected by the AF, suggesting a good discrimination of cortical areas sharing a similar connectivity pattern. The evaluation of morphological, microstructural and metabolic measures could be used as in-vivo biomarkers to monitor language impairment related to neurodegeneration or as surrogate of cognitive rehabilitation/interventional treatment efficacy.

Development of new immunochemical and spectroscopic analytical methods for the characterization and conservation of works of art

Cultural heritage is constituted by complex and heterogenous materials, such as paintings but also ancient remains. However, all ancient materials are exposed to external environment and their interaction produces different changes due to chemical, physical and biological phenomena. The organic fraction, especially the proteinaceous one, has a crucial role in all these materials: in archaeology proteins reveal human habits, in artworks they disclose technics and help for a correct restoration. For these reasons the development of methods that allow the preservation of the sample as much as possible and a deeper knowledge of the deterioration processes is fundamental. The research activities presented in this PhD thesis have been focused on the development of new immunochemical and spectroscopic approaches in order to detect and identify organic substances in artistic and archaeological samples. Organic components could be present in different cultural heritage materials as constituent element (e.g., binders in paintings, collagen in bones) and their knowledge is fundamental for a complete understanding of past life, degradation processes and appropriate restauration approaches. The combination of immunological approach with a chemiluminescence detection and Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry allowed a sensitive and selective localization of collagen and elements in ancient bones and teeth. Near-infrared spectrometer and hyper spectral imaging have been applied in combination with chemometric data analysis as non-destructive methods for bones prescreening for the localization of collagen. Moreover, an investigation of amino acids in enamel has been proposed, in order to clarify teeth biomolecules survival overtime through the optimization and application of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography on modern and ancient enamel powder. New portable biosensors were developed for ovalbumin identification in paintings, thanks to the combination between biocompatible Gellan gel and electro-immunochemical sensors, to extract and identify painting binders with the contact only between gel and painting and between gel and electrodes.

RICORDACI: Research on the Conservation, Restoration and Diagnosis of Cinematographic Films

This thesis is the result of the RICORDACI project, a three-year European-funded initiative involving the collaboration between the University of Bologna and the restoration laboratory of the Cineteca di Bologna, L'immagine Ritrovata, which aimed to develop innovative solutions and technologies for the preservation of cinematographic film heritage. In particular, this thesis presents new analytical methodologies to exploit two types of portable miniaturized Near Infrared spectrometers working in Diffuse Reflectance over the Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) range, to study the near infrared (NIR) spectral behavior of film base materials for an accurate, non-invasive and fast characterization of the polymer type; and for films with cellulose acetate supports, they can be employed as a diagnostic tool for monitoring the Degree of substitution (DS) affected by the loss of acetyl groups. The proposed methods offer non-invasive, fast, inexpensive and simple alternatives for the characterization and diagnosis of film bases to help the strategic planning and decision-making regarding storage, digitalization and intervention of film collections. Secondly, the thesis includes the evaluation of new green cleaning systems and solvents for the effective, fast and innocuous removal of undesired substances from degraded cinematographic films bases; these tests compared the efficiency of traditional systems and solvents against the new proposals. Firstly, the use of Deep Eutectic Solvent formulations for removing softened gelatin residues from cellulose nitrate bases; and secondly, the employment of green volatile solvents with different application methods, including the use of new electrospun nylon mats, for avoiding the dangerous use of friction for the removal of Triphenyl Phosphate blooms from the surface of cellulose acetate bases. The results obtained will help improving the efficiency of the interventions needed before the digitalization of historical cinematographic films and will pave the way for further investigation on the use of green solvents for cleaning polymeric heritage objects.

Identificazione di nuove strategie per la valutazione della malattia minima residua nel Mieloma Multiplo: la Biopsia Liquida

Il Mieloma Multiplo (MM) è una patologia neoplastica delle cellule B caratterizzata dalla proliferazione di più cloni di plasmacellule portatrici di diverse anomalie genomiche. Il MM presenta tipicamente un’eterogeneità genomica spaziale e intraclonale, che rende l’aspirato midollare "a singolo sito", attualmente utilizzato per la valutazione della malattia residua (MRD) dopo trattamento, non realmente informativo sulla taglia di malattia e sul panorama genomico della malattia. In considerazione della crescente importanza che sta assumendo la valutazione della MRD, i test per monitorarla dovrebbero essere non invasivi, affidabili e in grado di rappresentare le eterogeneità che caratterizzano il MM. Il presente studio ha permesso di dimostrare la possibilità di utilizzare la biopsia liquida, una metodica innovativa e non invasiva, per caratterizzare i pazienti con MM attivo o con MM smoldering ad alto rischio di evoluzione (HR-SMM) e per determinale l’MRD nei pazienti sottoposti a terapia di prima linea, integrando le metodiche attualmente validate. Nei pazienti arruolati nel presente studio è stato possibile identificare la frazione tumorale di DNA libero circolante (cfDNA-TF) nel sangue periferico, ed è stato possibile caratterizzare la malattia da un punto di vista qualitativo, dimostrando un’elevata concordanza del profilo genomico tra DNA libero circolante e DNA midollare (100% nei pazienti con HR-SMM e 86% nei pazienti con MM attivo). L’esecuzione seriata di biopsie liquide in corso di terapia, con un follow-up mediano di 24 mesi, ha mostrato una rapida e netta riduzione della cfDNA-TF xdalle prime fasi di terapia, con una tendenza a mantenersi mediamente sotto la soglia di sensibilità della metodica anche nelle fasi successive, indipendentemente dall’eventuale persistenza di MRD individuabile a livello midollare o mediante PET-CT. Con un follow-up più lungo probabilmente sarà possibile valutare meglio la capacità di questa metodica di affiancare o eventualmente sostituire l’aspirato midollare.

Low-level Laser Therapy To The Mouse Femur Enhances The Fungicidal Response Of Neutrophils Against Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis.

Neutrophils (PMN) play a central role in host defense against the neglected fungal infection paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb). PCM is of major importance, especially in Latin America, and its treatment relies on the use of antifungal drugs. However, the course of treatment is lengthy, leading to side effects and even development of fungal resistance. The goal of the study was to use low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to stimulate PMN to fight Pb in vivo. Swiss mice with subcutaneous air pouches were inoculated with a virulent strain of Pb or fungal cell wall components (Zymosan), and then received LLLT (780 nm; 50 mW; 12.5 J/cm2; 30 seconds per point, giving a total energy of 0.5 J per point) on alternate days at two points on each hind leg. The aim was to reach the bone marrow in the femur with light. Non-irradiated animals were used as controls. The number and viability of the PMN that migrated to the inoculation site was assessed, as well as their ability to synthesize proteins, produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their fungicidal activity. The highly pure PMN populations obtained after 10 days of infection were also subsequently cultured in the presence of Pb for trials of protein production, evaluation of mitochondrial activity, ROS production and quantification of viable fungi growth. PMN from mice that received LLLT were more active metabolically, had higher fungicidal activity against Pb in vivo and also in vitro. The kinetics of neutrophil protein production also correlated with a more activated state. LLLT may be a safe and non-invasive approach to deal with PCM infection.

Electrocardiogram, Heart Movement And Heart Rate In The Awake Gecko (hemidactylus Mabouia).

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the simplest and most effective non-invasive method to assess the electrical activity of the heart and to obtain information on the heart rate (HR) and rhythm. Because information on the HR of very small reptiles (body mass <10 g) is still scarce in the literature, in the present work we describe a procedure for recording the ECG in non-anesthetized geckos (Hemidactylus mabouia, Moreau de Jonnès, 1818) under different conditions, namely manual restraint (MR), spontaneous tonic immobility (TI), and in the non-restrained condition (NR). In the gecko ECG, the P, QRS and T waves were clearly distinguishable. The HR was 2.83 ± 0.02 Hz under MR, which was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than the HR under the TI (1.65 ± 0.09 Hz) and NR (1.60 ± 0.10 Hz) conditions. Spontaneously beating isolated gecko hearts contracted at 0.84 ± 0.03 Hz. The in vitro beating rate was affected in a concentration-dependent fashion by adrenoceptor stimulation with noradrenaline, as well as by the muscarinic cholinergic agonist carbachol, which produced significant positive and negative chronotropic effects, respectively (p < 0.001). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the ECG morphology and HR values in geckos, particularly under TI. The methodology and instrumentation developed here are useful for non-invasive in vivo physiological and pharmacological studies in small reptiles without the need of physical restraint or anesthesia.

Glutationa e enzimas relacionadas: papel biológico e importância em processos patológicos

Glutathione (GSH) and related enzymes are pivotal for the normal functioning of several important biological processes. In this review we discuss the biosynthesis and the catalytic cycles of glutathione as well as the major GSH-related enzymes. We also present how glutathione and enzymes are involved in cancer and the chromatographic and non-chromatographic methods used to analyze glutathione and/or its derivatives.

Química forense: perspectivas sobre novos métodos analíticos aplicados à documentoscopia, balística e drogas de abuso

In this review recent methods developed and applied to solve criminal occurences related to documentoscopy, ballistic and drugs of abuse are discussed. In documentoscopy, aging of ink writings, the sequence of line crossings and counterfeiting of documents are aspects to be solved with reproducible, fast and non-destructive methods. In ballistic, the industries are currently producing ''lead-free'' or ''nontoxic'' handgun ammunitions, so new methods of gunshot residues characterization are being presented. For drugs analysis, easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS) is shown to provide a relatively simple and selective screening tool to distinguish m-CPP and amphetamines (MDMA) tablets, cocaine and LSD.

Desempenho físico-mecânico de minipainéis de terra crua tratada com aditivos químicos

The aim of this research was to study the effect of chemical additives (lime and Portland cement) associated with sodium silicate on soil in order to obtain compressed soil bricks. Mini panels were constructed with such bricks being their physical and mechanical characteristics determined in laboratory conditions and their behavior evaluated through the association of destructive and non-destructive methods. For this purpose a sandy soil and a finely divided one were added to Portland cement and lime in the dosage of 6% and 10% taken in dry weight basis in relation to the dry soil. The sodium silicate dosage of 4% was also taken in dry weight basis in relation to the dry soil-cement or to the dry soil-lime. The compressed soil bricks were cured in a humidity chamber for 7; 28; 56 and 91 days. The bricks were laid on the fourteenth day to form prismatic mini panels each one with four layers of bricks. After 28; 56 and 91 days the mini panels were submitted to both; ultrasonic and compressive tests to determine its elastic properties (dynamic modulus) and the compressive resistance. The best results in terms of compressive strength, water absorption capacity or dynamic elastic modulus, were reached by the sandy soil added to 10% of Portland cement or lime associated with sodium silicate.

Uso de redes neurais artificiais na identificação de vocalização de suínos

Animal welfare has been an important research topic in animal production mainly in its ways of assessment. Vocalization is found to be an interesting tool for evaluating welfare as it provides data in a non-invasive way as well as it allows easy automation of process. The present research had as objective the implementation of an algorithm based on artificial neural network that had the potential of identifying vocalization related to welfare pattern indicatives. The research was done in two parts, the first was the development of the algorithm, and the second its validation with data from the field. Previous records allowed the development of the algorithm from behaviors observed in sows housed in farrowing cages. Matlab® software was used for implementing the network. It was selected a retropropagation gradient algorithm for training the network with the following stop criteria: maximum of 5,000 interactions or error quadratic addition smaller than 0.1. Validation was done with sows and piglets housed in commercial farm. Among the usual behaviors the ones that deserved enhancement were: the feed dispute at farrowing and the eventual risk of involuntary aggression between the piglets or between those and the sow. The algorithm was able to identify through the noise intensity the inherent risk situation of piglets welfare reduction.

Determinação da velolcidade critica como referencia do limiar anaerobio para o nado costas

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Analise comparativa das caracteristicas cinematicas da coluna durante a marcha e a corrida

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física