Mercado brasileiro de medicamentos genéricos: análise do desemprenho de uma subsidiária de laboratório estrangeiro

The pharmaceutical industry is a segment that is dominated by transnational companies. This characteristic is visible in Brazil, where there are only three domestic laboratories in the top ten pharmaceutical companies list. From the 1970s onwards, the world pharmaceutical market went through deep changes caused mainly to the increase of regulatory control and patent expiration that led to the advent of generic medicaments. In 1999, it was published the law that allowed the introduction of generic medicaments in Brazil, creating a new market that is currently dominated by domestic laboratories. This dissertation proposes to identify the reasons for a subsidiary of foreign laboratory does not achieve the leadership of this market. The literature is based on international political economy and international business concepts that means, relations between subsidiary and head office, domestic and foreign companies and government. Four propositions are presented and tested through multiple sources of evidences. The empirical research was mainly grounded in interviews with key persons and participant observation that allowed access to information, which would be not available for scientific investigation. The results indicate that the relationships considered in this study affect the subsidiary performance in generic medicament market in regard to its ability to make decisions, price competitiveness and wide portfolio creation. The respondents considered those three aspects as success critical factors. The results can be used for future research, aiming to wide the focus of the study about domestic laboratory dominance in generic medicament markets. Another suggestion is to follow this market evolution regarding to the internationalization process of domestic laboratories.

Agências reguladoras e reforma do estado brasileiro: insulamento burocrático ou democratização do estado? Um estudo multicaso (ANEEL, ANATEL, ANVISA e ANS)

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo estudar, no âmbito da estrutura organizacional de quatro das agências reguladoras nacionais - Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica - ANEEL, Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações-ANATEL, Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária - ANVISA e Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar - as instâncias que correspondem à alta administração destas (Diretorias Colegiadas), os locci de representação da sociedade (Conselhos Consultivos) nesta mesma estrutura, além dos canais de interrelação dos usuários e consumidores dos serviços e produtos regulados com as agências reguladoras (Ouvidorias). A instituição de Diretorias Colegiadas constitui-se em uma das características diferenciadoras das agências reguladoras no conjunto da administração pública. Porém, ao mesmo tempo em que permite-lhes alto grau de autonomia administrativa e, portanto, decisória, abre também, a possibilidade para a exacerbação do fenômeno do insulamento burocrático e o conseqüente excessivo poder discricionário de seus dirigentes . As instâncias de participação da sociedade na definição de políticas das agências (Conselhos Consultivos ou Conselho de Consumidores) funcionariam, não apenas como locus privilegiado de externalização das posições dos atores sociais com interesses nas políticas e ações das agências reguladoras, mas, também, como possível contraponto ao insulamento de sua alta direção. Os canais institucionalizados de interrelação dos usuários e consumidores dos serviços regulados com os órgãos reguladores (Ouvidoria), por meio dos quais aqueles fazem chegar até estes suas demandas, críticas, dúvidas e sugestões, constituem-se instrumentos de democratização no acesso da sociedade ao Estado, contribuindo para o aperfeiçaomento da cidadania. As consultas e audiência publicas, por sua vez, representam mecanismos de busca de subsídios e contribuições do ambiente externo às agências ao aprimoramento da tomada de decisões de seu corpo dirigente.

Os fluxos internacionais de capitais para investimentos em portfólio no mercado financeiro doméstico : uma análise do caso brasileiro de 1994 a 2000

Esta dissertação procura avaliar, dentro de um contexto de economia globalizada, o comportamento dos fluxos de capitais estrangeiros para investimentos nas economias emergentes, com foco no Brasil e nos investimentos em portfólio. Considera que os fluxos desses capitais têm crescido, dramaticamente, nos últimos anos e que as propostas de reformulações do sistema financeiro internacional e a adoção de controles desses capitais não estão totalmente claras, merecendo maiores estudos. Por meio de comparação entre os fluxos para investimentos em portfólio e os direcionados para investimentos diretos, o texto, aborda e questiona também, conceitos que, geralmente, relacionam esses capitais à incidência de crises, enquanto que os fluxos de capitais para investimentos diretos são associados ao crescimento de alguns países.

Padrões de concorrência no mercado brasileiro de torrefação e moagem de café e 1997 - 2005

This dissertation aims at analysing the patterns of competition from the period of 1997-2005 in the Brazilian roasted and grounded market. For the development of this research, a questionary elaborated by the researchers Maria Sylvia M. Saes and Elizabeth M. M. Q. Farina, that was utilized with the firms associated to the Associação Brasileira da Indústria de Café (ABIC) in 1997, will be used. The same questionary will be replicated in the year 2006 in order to capture changes within the patterns of competition along those 9 years. The methodology applied in this study is the case study, with unit of analysis being the Brazilian roasted and grounded industry. The research will be descripitive, since it will describe the pattern of competition in the Brazilian roasted and grounded market. However, the study is also exploratory due to the fact that there isn't any research that analyzes the specific object of study. The results obtained suggest that, taking into consideration the relevant variables of structure, conduct and performance of the industry of roasted and grounded coffee, the pattern of competition remained the same throughout the period 1997-2005.

Análise das dificuldades de ação em equipe numa sociedade relacional: Paradoxos da Gestão no contexto brasileiro, o caso da consultoria ABC.

This study is an analysis of the nature of conflicts in highly qualified teams, searching for its causes and potential consequences for the teams¿ performance. The hypothesis is that establishing a power principle is of utmost importance to provide the team members with parameters for action as well as with an effective coordination, which may lead to the desired outcome. The problem under analysis herein is centered on teamwork, having in mind the growing complexity of the competences necessary for the organizations¿ success, in such a way that, if the human activities in these organizations are not cooperatively developed, the desired outcomes may be threatened. In this context it is perceived that many knowledge organizations lack adequate strategies and tools to promote adequate coordination of highly qualified workers, involved cooperatively in tasks of large intrinsic complexity. ABC Consulting is a particular instance of such problem, that may add to the understanding of the general problem of team work. This study takes into account the more general background of the Brazilian culture, which, in spite of broadening aspects such as social cordiality and the living in others (Holanda, 1995), does not lead naturally to quality teamwork. The research development is anchored in a methodology that combines both field and bibliographical work, with a qualitative approach in the scope of case study.

Como se faz um tijucano? Reflexões sobre consumo, identidade e masculinidade em um bairro carioca

The love of cariocas for the city of Rio de Janeiro is widely known. As well as the cariocas, there is another social group, called tijucanos, which the love for the neighborhood is peculiar. The Tijuca zone, known by its tradition and development during the 60¿s, due to his local identity ¿ tijucana, definitely deserves prominence in the ¿wonderful city¿. The people of Tijuca can be known as a ¿personality¿ in Rio, and their habits of consumption seldom exceed the area¿s limits. Enclosure of histories and special characteristics, how to be a tijucano, an adjective that people of Tijuca are proud of, is one of the focus of this present study. To be an unconditional tijucano, who loves to walk around in the neighborhood, in the square, enjoy their lives in famous bars, ended up as a peculiarity in the carioca scenario, together with the people of Ipanema, Barra and many others, that together make Rio de Janeiro a unique city. In spite of the increasing visibility, there are few studies trying to understand the way heterosexual men interact with the world of consumer goods. In view of the great interest and in the contemporary world, the meaning of consumption has increased. The object of the present study is to try to understand how the people from Tijuca use the world of consumer goods to ¿become a man¿, i.e., to construct their male heterosexual identity. This analysis is crucial to investigate the construction of masculine gender identity of the people from Tijuca. The study was based on data gathered through deep interviews with nine men from Tijuca during the month of January 2007. The results have shown that the tijucanos interact with the neighborhood services and locals during the process of construction of gender and local identity. It was possible to notice that there are four differents stages, by means of, people use the world of consumer goods to identify themselves as men from Tijuca. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that it occurs the consumption of specific products and places in strategy to: define masculinity and local identity (when young person), move aside, assimilation, acceptation and reinforcement of that identity.

A relação subsidiária-matriz no mercado brasileiro de cosméticos

The objective of this work is to analyze the headquarters-subsidiary relation of a multinational company in the segment of cosmetics located in Brazil. In order to reach this objective, a revision of the literature on the international business area subject was carried, since this work aims to understand the different factors that influence the role of the subsidiaries in relation to the headquarters and to the markets they are installed. From this literature, some typologies were selected for the empirical analysis inside the selected company. The methodology used is a single case of study split in two sub-units of analysis, the subsidiary and the headquarters. For a better understanding of the research result, the characteristics of the multinational in the world, of the Brazilian cosmetic market and of the subsidiary are presented. This last one was divided in description of the operations, autonomy in relation to the headquarters and strategy. Finally, an analysis of the results combined with the literature explored in the typology is done, as well as an analysis in relation to the other authors not selected in the typology, but who were also considered in this work. The conclusion of this work makes possible to confirm that the subsidiary has no international responsibility and low autonomy in relation to its headquarters.

O Sistema Tributário Brasileiro e sua Perspectivas Face à Iminente Reforma Tributária

Since 1995 we have observed a great dissatisfaction with tax policy in Brazil. The government, the economic power and also the population agree that the tax burden is excessively high and unfair. This can be confirmed when we draw a parallel between the evolution of income distribution and tax burden. Despite this common sense, many political and economic powers present different solutions, according to their interests, in order to improve the Brazilian tax system. Meanwhile, this inefficient tax structure, which strengthens the well-known economic and social problems, perpetuates and, as a consequence, leads the country to an undesirable condition. This work evaluates the tax policy in Brazil from 1995 to 2000, providing a critical analysis on how the government dealt with taxation in this period to achieve its own goals.

Como a utilização do leilão reverso eletrônico pode impactar as compras do setor hoteleiro brasileiro

Globalization, as an economic, social and cultural phenomenon, has profoundly changed the behavior of individuals, companies and nations. It is responsible for an increasingly borderless world and a significant increase in competition between companies, due to the rapid dissemination of information and technical and scientific advances. Every day at the global level, the growing competition between companies makes it more difficult for corporations to boost their earnings through added revenues, which makes it imperative to cut costs to be profitable. To this end, utilization of the reverse auction, which has emerged as a new purchasing tool in recent years, offers the possibility of a significant and immediate reduction in prices, as well as greater operational efficiency in purchasing. The Brazilian hotel industry has also experienced transformations with globalization. A business characterized in the 70s by small and medium-sized companies has developed into an economic segment that today includes large international chains and, therefore, also needs to cut costs to be profitable. Applying the case study approach, this research seeks to evaluate the impact that the utilization of a reverse auction as a purchasing tool has had on the hotel industry in Brazil.

Responsabilidade social empresarial no mercado de seguros brasileiro: influências culturais e implicações relacionais

The Brazilian insurance market is the ambience in which this research study takes place in search for a better understanding of how cultural characteristics are related with organizational signs, practices and expectations on social responsibility. The concepts of social responsibility as well as the concept of culture are presented and discussed from different points of view, in accordance with different authors and trough several methodological approaches, in order to establish a coherent theoretical basis for qualitative data analysis. The phenomenological attitude assumed by the researcher in especial dialogues situations during the field research phase added new possibilities of apprehension or emergence of each studied organization self orientation in terms of pre-occupation with social issues intimately related with their insurance activities in the market place. Final reflections show the complexity of the insurance cultural context in the studied Brazilian segment, in which cultural and subcultural national and organizational singularities appear. However leaving space for common values and coherent orientation toward the peculiar understanding of social responsibility as inherent to any insurance company activities, themselves. Last comments point out that future research studies may give additional contribution for the continuity of the discussions initiated in this dissertation, expecting that some changes in the organizational posture and practices may happen, especially those related with risk taking and broad processes of communication with clients and society as a whole.

Análise dos fatores de convencimento do juízo brasileiro quanto à ocorrência de fraude contábil: um estudo de caso Múltiplo da Gallus, da Encol e do Banco Santos

This work is based on the analysis of three Brazilian cases of condemnation by accounting fraud and financial reports manipulation of data, where we tried to identify if there is condemnation by accounting fraud in Brazil and the main factors considered by the judge to convince them about the accounting fraud. The theoretical reference quoted involves the theory of fraud, the psychology of fraud, examples of financial fraud in foreign companies and Brazilians banks and the law in Brazil regarding fraud and money laundering. The methodology consisted in studies of Brazilian cases with the data collection criteria from three law suits. The methodology used was the Contents Analysis The samples were chosen according to the impact those cases had in Brazil and the facility to access their law suits. Therefore, we chose Gallus Agropecuária S/A, Encol S/A and Banco Santos S/A for a matter of convenience. The evidence indicated that in those three cases, the court was convinced by the accounting fraud due to omission of relevant financial information in the balance sheet, by information provided to the market that didn¿t reflect the healthy of the company (assets written up without the property). It was identified as well that, in those three cases, there was condemnation not only for the accounting fraud per si, but also by the combination of other crimes as money laundering, fraud gang, material and ideological false fraud, and bankruptcy.

Subcultura tuning: a identidade estendida na personalidade de automóveis

The admiration of people for automobiles has been known and revealed for many years all over the world. Being through academic studies, proprietor declaration and admirers, the automobile is an object of desire, admiration, love, passion, dream, pride and accomplishment which, with all of this, promotes various types of feelings with the identification, discrimination, expression and the projection of identity. This research was based on the theories about consumers¿ behaviors, self-concept and extended self. It'll be approached in a qualitative and exploratory way the personal behavior of the consumers who personalizes their automobile, the consumer Tuning. The Objective of this project is to explore how the ¿Tuners¿ use a personalized car to construct their social identity. Supplementary, was explored which factors commence and initiated the extension process of self-automobile and also, how they connect with their object and why this relationship is establish this way. Seven people were interviewed of the male sex between 19 and 33 years old, living in the stated of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, during the period of September and October of the year 2007. The results observed were that the cars, like objects, can literally broaden its owner¿s personality. The creation process, sustentation and nutrition of the ¿Self¿ through the car can be observed in the personalization of their own cars, with this, using like the middle and end. It was also observed that the begin of the personalization phenomenon of automobiles in Brazil is began, mainly, in the 21 century with the diffuser of the culture, the cinema, evince even more, processes that already existent in the extension of the personalized cars. Observing that a personalized automobile tents to be in a free way, like a distance, when possible, from intransigence of models or imposition of the ways to be accomplished. Definitively, stories like: ¿My car is just a useful way to travel which I use only when necessary¿ will not be found in this research.

Estoques de carbono orgânico e efluxos de dióxido de carbono e metano de solos em preparo convencional e plantio direto no subtrópico brasileiro

As práticas de manejo influenciam fatores controladores da dinâmica do C em solos agrícolas e, portanto, seus estoques de C orgânico e os fluxos de C no sistema solo-atmosfera na forma de dióxido de carbono (CO2) em solo em condições aeróbicas e metano (CH4) em solo inundado. O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi avaliar essas influências em solos submetidos por longo período aos sistemas de preparo convencional (PC) e plantio direto (PD).

A responsabilidade social como resposta do sistemas ao ambiente institucional brasileiro pós-década de 1990: O caso do Sesc

Analysis of the influences exerted by the Brazilian institutional scenario on SESC ¿ The Social Service of Commerce, focusing state-market-society relations in the 1990 decade, states the core issue of the present dissertation. It also aims to discuss the suitability of adopting corporate social responsibility oriented actions in accordance with these changes. In the first place SESC's institutional setting, and questions addressed to it, as well as pressures to which the organization has been submitted since the mid 1980's are presented to the reader. Following, elements of particular significance closely related to SESC's present institutional framework are described: the country's political redemocratization, social and organizational networks, state reform, and the like.