Influência da Motilidade Gastrintestinal no processo de desintegração de comprimidos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Agentes fitoquímicos como radio-sensibilizadores na terapêutica em medicina nuclear

Mestrado em Medicina Nuclear. Área de especialização: Radiofarmácia.

Endothelial lipase correlated positively with EPA/AA ratio in RBCs membrane

The fatty acid profile of erythrocyte membranes has been considered a good biomarker for several pathologic situations. Dietary intake, digestion, absorption, metabolism, storage and exchange amongst compartments, greatly influence the fatty acids composition of different cells and tissues. Lipoprotein and hepatic lipases were also involved in fatty acid availability. In the present work we examined the correlations between fatty acid in Red Blood Cells (RBCs) membranes, the fatty acid desaturase and elongase activities, glycaemia, blood lipids, lipoproteins and apoproteins, and the endothelial lipase (EL) mass in plasma. Twenty one individuals were considered in the present study, with age >18 y. RBCs membranes were obtained and analysed for fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. The amount of fatty acids (as percentage) were analysed, and the ratios between fatty acid 16:1/16:0; 18:1/18:0; 18:0/16:0; 22:6 n-3/20:5 n-3 and 20:4 n-6/18:2 n-6 were calculated. Bivariate analysis (rs) and partial correlations were determined. SCD16 estimation activity correlated positively with BMI (rs=0.466, p=0.043) and triacylglycerols (TAG) (rs=0.483, p=0.026), and negatively with the ratio ApoA1/ApoB (rs=-0.566, p=0.007). Endothelial lipase (EL) correlated positively with the EPA/AA ratio in RBCs membranes (rs=0.524, p=0.045). After multi-adjustment for BMI, age, hs-CRP and dietary n3/n6 ratio, the correlations remained significant between EL and EPA/AA ratio. At the best of our knowledge this is the first report that correlated EL with the fatty acid profile of RBCs plasma membranes. The association found here can suggest that the enzyme may be involved in the bioavailability and distribution of n-3/n-6 fatty acids, suggesting a major role for EL in the pathophysiological mechanisms involving biomembranes’ fatty acids, such as in inflammatory response and eicosanoids metabolites pathways.

Evaluation of solubility and partition properties of ampicillin-based ionic liquids

In order to overcome the problems associated with low water solubility, and consequently low bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), herein we explore a modular ionic liquid synthetic strategy for improved APIs. Ionic liquids containing l-ampicillin as active pharmaceutical ingredient anion were prepared using the methodology developed in our previous work, using organic cations selected from substituted ammonium, phosphonium, pyridinium and methylimidazolium salts, with the intent of enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of l-ampicillin forms. In order to evaluate important properties of the synthesized API-ILs, the water solubility at 25 °C and 37 °C (body temperature) as well as octanol–water partition coefficients (Kow's) and HDPC micelles partition at 25 °C were measured. Critical micelle concentrations (CMC's) in water at 25 °C and 37 °C of the pharmaceutical ionic liquids bearing cations with surfactant properties were also determined from ionic conductivity measurements.

Biodisponibilidade ambiental de iodo e iodúrias em crianças de Santa Maria e São Miguel, Açores

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências Biomédicas, 14 de Outubro de 2015, Universidade dos Açores.

Preservation of catechin antioxidant properties loaded in carbohydrate nanoparticles

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an antioxidant with several pharmacological and biological activities, was encapsulated in carbohydrate particles to preserve its antioxidant properties and improve its bioavailability. Gum arabic–maltodextrin particles loaded with EGCG (EGCG/P) were successfully produced by homogenization and spray-drying, with an EGCG loading efficiency of 96 ± 3%. Spray-dried particles are spherical or corrugated and polydisperse with diameters less than 20 m. The particles in aqueous suspension revealed two main populations, with mean average diameters of 40 nm and 400 nm. Attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) confirmed that EGCG was incorporated in the carbohydrate matrix by intermolecular interactions, maintaining its chemical integrity. Atomic force microscopy imaging proved the particle spherical shape and size. The present study demonstrates that the carbohydrate matrix is able to preserve EGCG antioxidant properties, as proof of concept to be used as polymeric drug carrier.

Accounting for the dissociating properties of organic chemicals in LCIA: an uncertainty analysis applied to micropollutants in the assessment of freshwater ecotoxicity

In life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) models, the sorption of the ionic fraction of dissociating organic chemicals is not adequately modeled because conventional non-polar partitioning models are applied. Therefore, high uncertainties are expected when modeling the mobility, as well as the bioavailability for uptake by exposed biota and degradation, of dissociating organic chemicals. Alternative regressions that account for the ionized fraction of a molecule to estimate fate parameters were applied to the USEtox model. The most sensitive model parameters in the estimation of ecotoxicological characterization factors (CFs) of micropollutants were evaluated by Monte Carlo analysis in both the default USEtox model and the alternative approach. Negligible differences of CFs values and 95% confidence limits between the two approaches were estimated for direct emissions to the freshwater compartment; however the default USEtox model overestimates CFs and the 95% confidence limits of basic compounds up to three orders and four orders of magnitude, respectively, relatively to the alternative approach for emissions to the agricultural soil compartment. For three emission scenarios, LCIA results show that the default USEtox model overestimates freshwater ecotoxicity impacts for the emission scenarios to agricultural soil by one order of magnitude, and larger confidence limits were estimated, relatively to the alternative approach.

Estudos epidemiológicos entre grupos indígenas de Rondônia: I— Piodermites e portadores inaparentes de Staphylococcus sp. na boca e nariz entre os Suruí e Karitiana

Foram realizadas culturas bacteriológicas a partir de material colhido na boca e nariz entre 38 pacientes indígenas Suruí e 58 Karitiana, no Estado de Rondônia. Entre os Suruí, foi isolado S. aureus em 10 (26,3%) indivíduos e S. epidermidis em 25 (65,8%). Na população Karitiana, S. aureus foi isolado em 21 (36,2%) pacientes e S. epidermidis em 42 (72,4%). Testes de sensibilidade as drogas foram realizados com todas as cepas de S. aureus isoladas. É discutido o papel de portadores inaparentes desta bactéria nas cavidades oral e nasal, assim como alguns aspectos relacionados à sua transmissão e prevalência de piodermites entre populações indígenas.

Função dos músculos respiratórios em doentes com insuficiência cardíaca esquerda

Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia, 2001; 20 (5):533-545

Contributo dos músculos respiratórios para a fisiopatologia da hipercápnia na doença pulmonar crónica estabilizada: parte 1 = The role of the respiratory muscles in the pathophisiology of chronic hypercapnia in clinically stable chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: part 1

Rev Port Pneumol. VII(2): 191-208, 2001

Contributo dos músculos respiratórios para a fisiopatologia da hipercápnia na doença pulmonar crónica estabilizada : parte 2 = The role of the respiratory muscles in the pathophisiology of chronic hypercapnia in clinically stable chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: part 2

Rev Port Pneumol. VII(2): 210-233, 2001

Contributo dos músculos respiratórios para a fisiopatologia da hipercápnia na doença pulmonar crónica estabilizada : parte 3 = The role of the respiratory muscles in the pathophisiology of chronic hypercapnia in clinically stable chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: part 3

Rev Port Pneumol. VII(2): 234-250, 2001

Contributo dos músculos respiratórios para a fisiopatologia da hipercápnia na doença pulmonar crónica estabilizada : parte 4 = The role of the respiratory muscles in the pathophisiology of chronic hypercapnia in clinically stable chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: part 4

Rev Port Pneumol. VII(2): 251-263, 2001

Approaches to tuberculosis mucosal vaccine development using nanoparticles and microparticles: a review

Next-generation vaccines for tuberculosis should be designed to prevent the infection and to achieve sterile eradication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mucosal vaccination is a needle-free vaccine strategy that provides protective immunity against pathogenic bacteria and viruses in both mucosal and systemic compartments, being a promising alternative to current tuberculosis vaccines. Micro and nanoparticles have shown great potential as delivery systems for mucosal vaccines. In this review, the immunological principles underlying mucosal vaccine development will be discussed, and the application of mucosal adjuvants and delivery systems to the enhancement of protective immune responses at mucosal surfaces will be reviewed, in particular those envisioned for oral and nasal routes of administration. An overview of the essential vaccine candidates for tuberculosis in clinical trials will be provided, with special emphasis on the potential different antigens and immunization regimens.

Autotransplantação de células estaminais olfactivas no tratamento das lesões traumáticas crónicas da medula espinal : estudos da região olfactiva e da sua mucosa

O objectivo principal dos estudos descritos nesta dissertação foi descrever a anatomia cirúrgica da região olfactiva, determinar a área de distribuição da mucosa olfactiva nas fossas nasais e estudar as células estaminais nela presentes para fundamentar e desenvolver uma técnica cirúrgica destinada à sua colheita por via transnasal endoscópica. O objectivo secundário foi avaliar a exequibilidade, segurança e eficácia da utilização da mucosa olfactiva na reparação das lesões traumáticas crónicas e severas da medula espinal. As investigações incluíram a dissecção endoscópica e estudos morfométricos da região olfactiva de cadáveres recentes, o exame histológico de especímenes de um banco de peças anatómicas da região olfactiva e a cultura de células estaminais olfactivas obtidas a partir de amostras de indivíduos sem patologia naso-sinusal. Realizaram-se ainda estudos clínicos experimentais nos quais se transplantou a mucosa olfactiva colhida das fossas nasais na medula espinal de doentes com lesões traumáticas da medula espinal. Os estudos foram realizados num hospital de nível terciário com afiliação universitária, o Hospital de Egas Moniz do Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental: em serviços clínicos (Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia) ou em unidades vocacionadas para a investigação (Unidade de Microcirurgia, Unidade de Neuropatologia). Parte dos estudos foram ainda realizados em locais externos à instituição, como o Serviço de Patologia Forense da Delegação de Lisboa do Instituto de Medicina Legal e a ECBio, I&D em Biotecnologia, S.A. Demonstrou-se que a região olfactiva pode ser abordada sistematicamente por técnica endoscópica. Demonstrou-se a área de distribuição da mucosa olfactiva nas fossas nasais e concebeu-se uma técnica para sua a colheita. Isolaram-se e quantificaram-se as células estaminais da mucosa olfactiva e colaborou-se na invenção de um método destinado à sua cultura e proliferação, que poderá ter valor na utilização das células cultivadas em outras patologias. Demonstrou-se ainda que, no tratamento dos doentes com lesões traumáticas crónicas da medula espinal, a transplantação de mucosa olfactiva autóloga é realizável, razoavelmente segura e potencialmente benéfica