Measurement of the muon neutrino inclusive charged-current cross section in the energy range of 1–3 GeV with the T2K INGRID detector

We report a measurement of the νµ-nucleus inclusive charged current cross section (=σ cc) on ironusing data from exposed to the J-PARC neutrino beam. The detector consists of 14 modules in total, which are spread over a range of off-axis angles from 0◦ to 1.1◦. The variation in the neutrino energy spectrum as a function of the off-axis angle, combined with event topology information, is used to calculate this cross section as a function of neutrino energy. The cross section is measured to be σcc(1.1 GeV) = 1.10±0.15 (10^−38cm^2/nucleon), σcc(2.0 GeV) = 2.07±0.27 (10^−38cm^2/nucleon), and σcc(3.3 GeV) = 2.29 ± 0.45 (10^−38cm^2/nucleon), at energies of 1.1, 2.0, and 3.3 GeV, respectively. These results are consistent with the cross section calculated by the neutrino interaction generators currently used by T2K. More importantly, the method described here opens up a new way to determine the energy dependence of neutrino-nucleus cross sections.

Ecosystem structure, function, and composition in rangelands are negatively affected by livestock grazing

Reports of positive or neutral effects of grazing on plant species richness have prompted calls for livestock grazing to be used as a tool for managing land for conservation. Grazing effects, however, are likely to vary among different response variables, types, and intensity of grazing, and across abiotic conditions. We aimed to examine how grazing affects ecosystem structure, function, and composition. We compiled a database of 7615 records reporting an effect of grazing by sheep and cattle on 278 biotic and abiotic response variables for published studies across Australia. Using these data, we derived three ecosystem measures based on structure, function, and composition, which were compared against six contrasts of grazing pressure, ranging from low to heavy, two different herbivores (sheep, cattle), and across three different climatic zones. Grazing reduced structure (by 35%), function (24%), and composition (10%). Structure and function (but not composition) declined more when grazed by sheep and cattle together than sheep alone. Grazing reduced plant biomass (40%), animal richness (15%), and plant and animal abundance, and plant and litter cover (25%), but had no effect on plant richness nor soil function. The negative effects of grazing on plant biomass, plant cover, and soil function were more pronounced in drier environments. Grazing effects on plant and animal richness and composition were constant, or even declined, with increasing aridity. Our study represents a comprehensive continental assessment of the implications of grazing for managing Australian rangelands. Grazing effects were largely negative, even at very low levels of grazing. Overall, our results suggest that livestock grazing in Australia is unlikely to produce positive outcomes for ecosystem structure, function, and composition or even as a blanket conservation tool unless reduction in specific response variables is an explicit management objective.

Trial of twenty-four journeymen tailors, charged with a conspiracy before the Mayor's Court of the city of Philadelphia, September sessions, 1827 /

"An account of one of the earliest labor trials resulting from a strike. The first count of the indictment charges corrupt conspiracy to demand greater than customary wages." Cf. Adams.

Interplanetary charged particle models (1974).

Cover title.

Microfilms, their use or abuse ... A challenge to those charged with preserving the records of contemporary history for future generations, the paramount remedy, a timely analysis of the problem,

Mode of access: Internet.

The human equation in aircraft accidents; an analysis of 758 fatal accidents charged to "pilot error" which occurred in non-air carrier flying during the year 1948.

Mode of access: Internet.

Banking and currency reform : hearings before the subcommittee of the Committee on banking and currency, House of representatives, charged with investigating plans of banking and currency reform and reporting constructive legislation thereon.

Issued in 13 parts.

A vindication of the Church of England from the aspersions of a late libel intituled, Priestcraft in perfection, &c. : Wherein the controverted clause of the church's power in the XXth article is shewn to be of equal authority with all the rest of the articles; and the fraud and forgery, charged upon the clergy on the account of that clause, are retorted upon their accusers. With a preface containing some remarks upon the Reflections on that pamphlet. /

By Hilkiah Bedford. Cf. ESTC.

An introduction to the defence of Abner Kneeland, charged with blasphemy : before the Municipal Court, in Boston, Mass. at the January term in 1834 /

Mode of access: Internet.

A book of the French verbs : wherein the model verbs, and several of the most difficult are conjugated affirmatively, negatively, interrogatively, and negatively and interrogatively, containing also, numerous notes and directions on the different conjugations, not to be found in any other book published for the use of English scholars, to which is added, a complete list of all the irregular verbs /

Author was principal of West Chester Academy.

Trial of twenty-four journeymen tailors, charged with a conspiracy: before the Mayor's court of the city of Philadelphia, September sessions, 1827.

Mode of access: Internet.

Trial of Rev. Mr. Avery : a full report of the trial of Ephraim K. Avery, charged with the murder of Sarah Maria Cornell : before the Supreme Court of Rhode Island, at a special term in Newport, held in May, 1833 ... /

At head of title page: Second edition.

Workmen's trains. Return showing the number of workmen's trains running on all railways in Great Britain; the distance run and the fares charged ...

Mode of access: Internet.