Características epidemiológicas da frequência cardíaca de repouso: relação com a prática de atividade física estratificada por sexo e controlada por fatores de confusão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ser menino e menina, professor e professora na Educação Infantil: um entrelaçamento de vozes

Pós-graduação em Educação Sexual - FCLAR

Episcopal Church Home For Children Records - Accession 31

The Episcopal Church Home For Children Records are a valuable source on the Church’s historical effort to extend its services for the social improvement of South Carolina (in this case the Episcopal Diocese’s program for destitute children.) The Episcopal Church Home was established in 1850 in Charleston, S.C. for orphan girls and was chartered by the S.C. General Assembly in 1852. The collection consists of a history, minutes, reports of the annual meetings, general correspondence, superintendent’s records, health records, attendance registers, financial records, newsletters (both bound and unbound), and photographs.

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in children

Purpose: Reporting on the laparoscopic technique for adrenal disease in children and adolescents has been limited. We review here our experience with laparoscopic adrenal surgery in children. Patients and methods: 19 laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomies were performed in 10 girls and 7 boys (mean age 3.9 years) during 1998-2011. The clinical diagnosis before surgery was virilizing tumor (n = 8), pheochromocytoma (n = 3), nonfunctioning solid adrenal tumor (n = 3), mixed adrenocortical tumor (n = 2), cystic adrenal mass (n = 1). Unilateral adrenal lesions were 20-65 mm at the longest axis on computerized tomography (12 right side, 7 left side). Results: The final clinicopathological diagnosis was cortical adenoma (n = 9), pheochromocytoma (n = 3, bilateral in two), neuroblastoma (n = 1), ganglioneuroblastoma (n = 1), ganglioneuroma (n = 1), adrenocortical carcinoma (n = 1), benign adrenal tissue (n = 1). Average operative time was 138.5 min (range 95-270). Blood transfusion was required in one case (5%). No conversion to open surgery was required and no deaths or postoperative complications occurred. Average hospital stay was 3.5 days (range 2-15). Average postoperative follow-up was 81 months (range 2-144). Two contralateral metachronic pheochromocytomas associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome occurred, treated with partial laparoscopic adrenalectomy (one without postoperative need of cortisone replacement therapy). Conclusions: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a feasible procedure that produces good results. It can be used safely to treat suspected benign and malignant adrenal masses in children with minimal morbidity and short hospital stay. (C) 2011 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Adverse Drug Events Leading Children to Hospital Emergency Care

To determine the incidence of adverse drug events (ADE) that resulted in the need for children's emergency care, a total of 23,286 pediatric emergency case notes were analyzed. They were selected on the basis of the ICD code indicating a possible ADE. ADEs were found in 13 case notes (0.06%), predominantly among girls and mainly in the 1 to 5 year age group. About half of the observed events occurred as a result of accidental ingestion, 27.3% were suicide attempts, and 27.3% arose due to the discontinuation of treatment. Antiepileptic drugs were those most often involved. Three (23%) were serious. The results suggest that children have easy access to medications and are involved in the majority of accidental occurrences. Using drugs involves risks, and drawing attention to such risks while prescribing and dispensing them fosters the sharing of responsibility and the empowerment of the users, measures necessary to health promotion.

Understanding the correlates of adolescents' dietary intake patterns. A multivariate analysis

We investigated dietary intake patterns (DIP) in adolescents (14-18 year-olds) and the association with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and lifestyle variables. This school-based survey was carried out among high school students from the city of Maringa in the state of Parana (PR), Brazil (2007). The sample included 991 students (54.5% girls) from high schools. DIPs were investigated by the frequency of weekly consumption of each food group: vegetables, fruit, rice, beans, fried food, sweet food, milk, soda, meat, eggs, alcoholic drinks. Independent variables were: demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and lifestyle variables. DIPS were identified using principal component analysis with orthogonal rotation (varimax). Three components were extracted. Component 1 (fried foods, sweets and soft drinks) was positively associated with not having breakfast for girls and dinner for boys. Moreover, component 2 (consumption of fruit and vegetables) was positively associated with having breakfast at home for boys and number of meals for girls. Component 3 (beans, eggs and meat) was positively associated with having lunch, employment and sedentary behavior level for girls. However, it was negatively associated with having lunch and dinner for boys. Adolescents who have healthier eating patterns also had other healthier behaviors regardless of gender. However, factors associated with dietary patterns differ between boys and girls. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Effects of Oxybutynin on Urinary Symptoms in Children with Williams-Beuren Syndrome

Purpose: Williams-Beuren syndrome is a genomic disorder caused by a hemizygous contiguous gene deletion on chromosome 7q11.23. Lower urinary tract symptoms are common in children with Williams-Beuren syndrome. However, there are few data on the management of voiding symptoms in this population. We report our experience using oxybutynin to treat urinary symptoms in children with Williams-Beuren syndrome. Materials and Methods: We prospectively analyzed 42 patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome and significant lower urinary tract symptoms due to detrusor overactivity diagnosed on urodynamics in a 12-week, open-label study. Urological assessment included symptomatic evaluation, the impact of lower urinary tract symptoms on quality of life, frequency-volume chart, urodynamics and urinary tract sonography. After 12 weeks of treatment with 0.6 mg/kg oxybutynin per day given in 3 daily doses, patients were assessed for treatment efficacy and side effects. Results: A total of 17 girls and 19 boys completed medical therapy and were assessed at 12 weeks. Mean +/- SD patient age was 9.2 +/- 4.3 years (range 3 to 18). The most common urinary complaint was urgency, which occurred in 31 patients (86.1%), followed by urge incontinence, which was seen in 29 (80.5%). Compared to baseline, urinary symptoms were substantially improved. The negative impact of storage symptoms on quality of life was significantly decreased from a mean +/- SD of 3.3 +/- 1.7 to 0.5 +/- 0.9 (p <0.001). Mean +/- SD maximum urinary flow improved from 14.2 +/- 15.0 to 20.5 +/- 6.4 ml per second (p <0.001). Conclusions: A total of 12 weeks of therapy with 0.6 mg/kg oxybutynin daily resulted in improvement of lower urinary tract symptoms, quality of life and maximum flow rate in most patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome.

Perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas in children: report on six cases

Background Perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas (PMAVFs) are rare spinal lesions and even more uncommon in children. Objective The aim of this study was to document rare occurrences of this type of arteriovenous malformation in six children treated at our institution. Methods The clinical data, radiological findings, and treatment in six cases of PMAVFs were reviewed. Six patients with PMAVFs were managed at our institution over a 5-year period. The patients (four girls and two boys), ranging in age from 6 to 15 years, presented with initially fluctuating, and eventually permanent and progressive, sudden-onset paraparesis, sensory disturbances, and sphincter dysfunction. The duration of symptoms before diagnosis ranged from 1 week to 13 years. Results All the patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging and spinal selective angiography, which demonstrated the characteristic imaging of an arteriovenous fistula. Embolization of the arteriovenous fistula was initially attempted in three patients with successful occlusion of the fistula in two. For the remaining cases, open surgery was performed, with complete occlusion of the fistula. There was no morbidity, regardless of the treatment performed. All the patients experienced neurological improvement after treatment. Conclusions No specific clinical or radiological characteristic of PMAVFs in the pediatric population was observed when our series was compared with a general series. Early diagnosis and timing of the therapeutic intervention seemed to avoid the development of irreversible ischemic myeloradiculopathy and prevented hemorrhage. Treatment for PMAVFs is difficult to standardize because these are extremely rare lesions with different angioarchitecture configurations.

Characteristics of violence against children in a Brazilian Capital

The purpose of this exploratory, descriptive and retrospective study with a quantitative approach was to characterize violence against children in Curitiba. Reports of 2004 through 2008 about compulsory denouncements of violence cases were analyzed. The results showed an increase in violence, with home violence as the most frequent type and five to nine-year-olds as the most affected group, and negligence and physical violence as the most denounced forms of violence. Almost 81% of the sexual violence is performed against girls and the father is the main aggressor, showing inequality in gender relations and between generations. The importance of notification as a visibility instrument is highlighted. Other confrontation measures are necessary though, such as the promotion of equitable relationships of gender and generation, and cross-sectional policies that involve the social segments in a praxis that transforms reality.

Language impairment in Huntington's disease

Language alterations in Huntington's disease (HD) are reported, but their nature and correlation with other cognitive impairments are still under investigation. This study aimed to characterize the language disturbances in HD and to correlate them to motor and cognitive aspects of the disease. We studied 23 HD patients and 23 controls, matched for age and schooling, using the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, Boston Naming Test, the Token Test, Animal fluency, Action fluency, FAS-COWA, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the Stroop Test and the Hooper Visual Organization Test (HVOT). HD patients performed poorer in verbal fluency (p<0.0001), oral comprehension (p<0.0001), repetition (p<0.0001), oral agility (p<0.0001), reading comprehension (p=0.034) and narrative writing (p<0.0001). There was a moderate correlation between the Expressive Component and Language Competency Indexes and the HVOT (r=0.519, p=0.011 and r=0.450, p=0.031, respectively). Language alterations in HD seem to reflect a derangement in both frontostriatal and frontotemporal regions.

Comensalidade e cuidado: meninas-jovens-mulheres órfãs no contexto de HIV/Aids

O "monopólio da cozinha", histórica e culturalmente, é atribuído às mulheres, mães. Para cuidar da família, elas elegem alimentos, compram, cozinham e os servem. Sustentam a comensalidade. Em contextos de HIV/Aids, onde há perda da mãe, as filhas tornam-se responsáveis por esses cuidados. O que pensam as meninas do papel de cuidadoras com o qual, prematuramente, deparam-se? O que dizem seus irmãos sobre isso? Realizamos entrevistas semidirigidas com 14 jovens órfãos. Os dados foram analisados pela proposta de Mills (2009). As jovens não demonstram insatisfação por executarem novas tarefas, mas deploram o fato de impedirem o estudo e a vida além-casa. Seus irmãos entendem a lida da cozinha como coisa de mulher e, por isso, dificilmente colaboram. Essas jovens necessitam de cuidados direcionados à situação vulnerável em que vivem. As políticas de Saúde Pública poderiam pleitear macroestruturas que atuassem sobre essa demanda.

Factors associated with serum CA19-9 levels among healthy children: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background CA19-9 is a tumor marker mainly used for biliary tract, pancreas and colorectum. Since the marker applies usually for adults, the normal range of serum CA19-9 among children has been rarely reported. This is the first study reporting the distribution of serum CA19-9 levels among cancer-free children as well as their parents, taking into account the Lewis and secretor gene polymorphism and physical growth. Methods Study subjects were 972 apparently healthy Japanese Brazilians including 476 children aged from 1 to 19 years. Results The comparisons in five-year age groups demonstrated that the mean values of serum CA19-9 was lower in the boys than in the girls, and higher in younger age groups; 22.5 U/ml for 1–4 year-old (n=13), 17.4 U/ml for 5–9 year-old (n=36), 15.5 U/ml for 10–14 year-old (n=96) and 10.2 U/ml for 15–19 year-old (n=74) in boys, and 25.3 U/ml (n=11), 27.1 U/ml (n=50), 17.7 U/ml (n=105) and 13.5 U/ml (n=59) in girls, respectively. The difference in those geometric means was statistically significant among four age groups (p=0.006, ANOVA adjusted for sex). After Lewis and secretor genotypes, which are definitive factors of serum CA19-9, were taken into account, geometric mean of serum CA19-9 was associated with any of BMI (p<0.001), height (p<0.001) and weight (p<0.001) among children excluding those with le/le genotype. The associations were still significant when age was adjusted. Conclusions Serum CA19-9 values were higher among children than among adults, and influenced by sex, height, weight, and BMI even after the adjustment for age as well as Le and Se genotypes.

Comportamentos parentais, orientação motivacional e objetivos desportivos: um estudo com jovens atletas

[POR] Este estudo analisou a relação entre comportamentos parentais, orientação motivacional e perceção de rendimento desportivo em jovens atletas. Participaram nesta investigação 711 atletas (89 raparigas e 622 rapazes), com idades entre os 12 e os 19 anos (M=14.77; DP=1.86).

Ni una más. International cooperation against gender-based discrimination: the femicide case in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico

The femicide in Ciudad Juárez is a story made of extreme violence against women for different reasons, by different actors, under different circumstances, and following different behavioural patterns. All within a gender discrimination frame based on the idea that women are inferior, interchangeable and disposable according to the patriarchal hierarchy still present in Mexico, but strongly reinforced by a sort of conspiracy of silence provoked either by the high impunity rate, the governmental incompetence to solve the crimes, or the general indifference of the population. It is the story of hundreds of kidnapped, raped, in many cases tortured, and murdered young women in the border between Mexico and the United States. The murders first came into light in 1993 and up to now young women continue to “disappear” without any hope of bringing the perpetrators to justice, stopping impunity, convicting the assassins, and bringing justice to the families of the deceased girls and women. The main questions about femicide in Ciudad Juárez seem to be: why were they brutally assassinated?, why most of the crimes have not been solved yet?, why and how is Ciudad Juárez different from other border cities with the same characteristics?, which powers are behind those crimes in a city that implies mainly women as its labor force, and which has the lowest unemployment rate in the whole country? But there are also many other questions dealing more with the context, the Juarences’ lifestyles, the eventual hidden powers behind the crimes, the possible murderers’ reasons, the response of the local civil society, or the international community actions to fight against femicide there, among many other things, that are still waiting for an answer and that this paper will ‘narrate’ in order to provide a holistic panorama for the readers. But above all there is the need to remember that every single woman or girl assassinated there had a name, an identity, a family, a story to be told time after time and as many times as necessary, in order to avoid accepting these crimes just as statistics, as cold numbers that might make us forget the human tragedy that has been flagellating the city since 1993. We must remember as well that their deaths express gender oppression, the inequality of the relations between what is male and what is female, a manifestation of domination, terror, social extermination, patriarchal hegemony, social class and impunity. The city is the perfect mirror where all the contradictions of globalization get reflected. It is there where all the globalization evils are present and survive by sucking their women’s blood. It is a city where some concepts such as gender, migration and power are closely related with a negative connotation.

La escuela primaria de la minería en el Concejo de Aller (Asturias). Del primer franquismo al tardofranquismo: 1940-1975

[ES]Tras la derrota de la República española, la estructura educativa fue desmontada en toda España y sustituida por una escuela centrada en los valores religiosos y patrios propugnados por el régimen franquista. El libro de actas de la Junta Municipal de Educación Primaria de Aller es una fuente privilegiada, inédita hasta el momento, para analizar la organización educativa durante el extenso periodo analizado. Este documento atestigua asimismo la dimensión política franquista y tardofranquista y la situación socio-laboral, como evidencian los objetivos de este artículo. Dentro de los programas paternalistas, activos hasta 1970 inclusive, las compañías mineras ya habían creado centros escolares religiosos en Aller durante el primer cuarto del siglo XX. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de los hijos de los mineros recibieron su instrucción en las escuelas nacionales, afianzadas sobre los rígidos esquemas de obediencia y sumisión. La educación franquista se ha esforzado en perpetuar los cometidos sociales de niños y niñas por medio de una educación segregada y represiva.[EN]After the defeat of the Spanish Republic, rpublican educational structure in Spain was dismantled around the whole country and replaced by one focused on the religious and patriotic values espoused by the Franco regime. The minute book contains the local board’s agreements between 1940 and 1975, not only in terms of educational management, which are exposed along the aims of this article. The source used for this article, unpublished until now, has also facilitated the study of the political and social-labour paternalistic dimension during the long period of time analysed. Within the paternalistic programmes, active until and including 1970, mining companies had already established faith schools in Aller, but most of the miners’ children received their education in state schools entrenched in severe patterns of obedience and submission. The educational system within Franco’s regime has strived to perpetuate the social roles of girls and boys through single-sex education.