Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s Netherlandish Proverbs and Sixteenth Century Dutch Semiotics

"In 1559, Pieter Bruegel the Elder‘s depiction of {7f2015}Netherlandish Proverbs‖ illustrated his profound understanding of the Dutch love for proverbs, their contemporary values, and appreciation for moral lessons in art forms. Depicting gestures and poses that represented proverbial phrases enabled Bruegel‘s leap from didactic labels employed by other artists to his inscription-free success of {7f2015}Netherlandish Proverbs.‖ My examination reveals that Bruegel‘s employment of gestural imagery, indicating rhetorical phrases or proverbs, was reinforced by a history of scholarly curatorship for written proverb collections, humanist interest in proverbs, and use of Dutch vernacular to bolster protonational pride"

Modern Classics : Andy Warhol and the Renaissance Masters

"This paper explores Warhol’s final and largest series entitled the Last Supper series in which the artist appropriated the work of Leonardo da Vinci’s original fifteenth century painting, replicating the image through repetition, radical cropping, and washes of neon color. While many scholars conclude this group of works is inspired by Warhol’s religious beliefs, others interpret these paintings as typical Warhol appropriation without religious association, but consistent with the artist’s interest in the cultural commodity of famous images"

James Turrell and the Northern romantic tradition

"This paper discusses the work of contemporary artist James Turrell as framed by the philosophy of the sublime. Focusing on the artist’s use of the medium of light, it addresses Turrell’s scientific approach to creating artworks and discusses his resolution of the problematic relationship between science and spirituality. This relationship is discussed through the examination of the artist’s use of total visual fields known as ganzfelden and other perceptual phenomena, such as those encountered while piloting aircraft"

Beautiful victims : childhood and the holocaust in the work of Gottfried Helnwein

"For the past three decades, contemporary artist Gottfried Helnwein has shocked viewers with his Holocaust-related paintings, drawings and installations. Born in Austria in 1948, Helnwein witnessed the immediate aftermath of World War II in Europe from a child’s perspective. Consequently, the horrifying images summoned from Helnwein’s imagination are inspired by the memories and repercussions of this tragedy. His work addresses his parents’ unwillingness to speak of the atrocities as well as the exploitation of the Holocaust in contemporary popular media. His work questions not only how such a tragedy could have taken place, but also how contemporary perception of this event has been affected by total media saturation and the passage of time. To shock viewers, Helnwein portrays strikingly realistic images of distressed, wounded and morally ambiguous children in works that have been regarded as controversial and outspoken"

Influences of psychological and experiential processes in paintings of Sheila Sobol

"For a number of artists, the activity of making. art is an inquiry into: the nature of art, the true nature of reality, and the execution of artistic ideas. This inquiry ·is benefited by recognizing psychological processes and theories, subjectl.ve and external experiences, and technical and aesthetic knowledge. The "creative process" contains this inquiry and can be likened to a hinge which connects the art produced and the artist"

An investigative and interpretive study, with paintings, drawings and prints, of "All Saints' Day" and "All Souls" Day" in Mexico

"In Mexico, the first two days of November are set aside each year for the commemoration of the dead. This fete, called All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day, is observed throughout the world; however, in Mexico, it is celebrated in a manner peculiar to that country and to the various localities within that country . This holiday is sanctioned by both government and church; and is celebrated by practically all Mexicans, whether they be Catholic, pagan, relilious or irreligious. These are the two days when that contrast which is the essence of Mexico becomes obvious: the "triste~alegria" (sad-happiness). During these days , art objects are abundant and arresting ; and religious ceremonies, rites and fiestas blossom forth! Urban and folk arts, in every field, find full expression at this time. The religious, social, political, and artistic manifestations of the holiday are not only stimulating in themselves, but are exciting as subjects for painting, drawings, prints, and any other form of artistic expression!"

The episcopal complex of Eio-El Tolmo de Minateda (Hellín, Albacete, Spain). Architecture and spatial organization. 7th to 8th centuries AD

The episcopal complex of Eio, located in El Tolmo de Minateda, was built between the end of the 6th century and the beginning of the 7th century, possibly as a political decision taken by the ecclesiastical authority in the capital of the Visigothic kingdom (Toletum). With the comprehensive study of the whole complex presented below (construction cycles, furniture, decoration and location of spaces), we can interpret the function of each space in the basilica and the domus episcopi, the liturgical and general movement routes, the existence of some hierarchical environments, and specify the chronological development of the buildings. After the Arab-Berber conquest of Hispania in the early 8th century, the whole complex will experience a series of transformations that will convert the religious and monumental public area into a private, residential and industrial Islamic quarter.

Improving the Photoelectrochemical Response of TiO2 Nanotubes upon Decoration with Quantum-Sized Anatase Nanowires

TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) have been widely used for a number of applications including solar cells, photo(electro)chromic devices, and photocatalysis. Their quasi-one-dimensional morphology has the advantage of a fast electron transport although they have a relatively reduced interfacial area compared with nanoparticulate films. In this study, vertically oriented, smooth TiO2 NT arrays fabricated by anodization are decorated with ultrathin anatase nanowires (NWs). This facile modification, performed by chemical bath deposition, allows to create an advantageous self-organized structure that exhibits remarkable properties. On one hand, the huge increase in the electroactive interfacial area induces an improvement by 1 order of magnitude in the charge accumulation capacity. On the other hand, the modified NT arrays display larger photocurrents for water and oxalic acid oxidation than bare NTs. Their particular morphology enables a fast transfer of photogenerated holes but also efficient mass and electron transport. The importance of a proper band energy alignment for electron transfer from the NWs to the NTs is evidenced by comparing the behavior of these electrodes with that of NTs modified with rutile NWs. The NT-NW self-organized architecture allows for a precise design and control of the interfacial surface area, providing a material with particularly attractive properties for the applications mentioned above.

Estimate of expense of repairs of Massachusetts by [John] Walton and [Josiah] Moore, 13 January 1806

Includes estimate from Walton & Moore for adding another storey to Massachusetts Hall, replacing the roof, replacing glass, and painting the interior.

Promoting interculturalism through art education : a case study Portugal and Latvia

This study examines art student’s awareness, understanding and practices of intercultural art education in higher institution of art. Specifically, the research focused on Art Academy of Latvia, Riga. The purpose was to promote “interculturalism’’ among students and to acquaint them with the knowledge and skills of developing and reflecting on their cultural values and that of others’. For 10 weeks, 7 students in the Art Academy of Latvia explored the Traditional African Ceramics. My research included data gathered from student questionnaires, class discussions, interviews, observations, student artwork and photographs from their personal activities. I likewise took note of the students’ practical works and their approach to African-based ceramics. First, in literature review, I discuss my purpose of study, why the study is important, limitations, statements of problem, and further research. Secondly, I examine culture and paradigms of cultures, comprehensive context of the African history and traditions of the African ceramics, the importance of intercultural art education. Then, I describe how the case study in Latvia was carried out among 7 participants’ who are students from 2nd year – masters’ level. The case study involved 7 students from the department of graphics, glass, ceramics and painting with the aim of promoting intercultural learning among art students. The case study reveals participants’ attitude towards intercultural education and reveal the importance of intercultural education in higher institutions of art as well as other institutions of learning. Although the participants were positive attitude towards other culture, the study reveals that creating awareness through intercultural art and exposing students to other culture enhances their creativity ability to explore other culture and they are more likely to be opened in sharing their experiences and their cultural perspective. Experiencing culture based- art create awareness of other cultures