Inversiones hidroeléctricas del desarrollo e impactos socio-territoriales : Historia y memorias del caso de la Presa Potrerillos de Mendoza

En el contexto de la globalización, a causa del cumplimiento de políticas nacionales o internacionales de desarrollo, millones de personas en todo el planeta son desplazadas y relocalizadas, siendo este fenómeno más frecuente en los denominados países del ?Tercer Mundo?. Este constituye el tema de la presenta investigación. El propósito del trabajo es contribuir, a partir del estudio de un caso, a la reflexión sobre los efectos de tales políticas que se emplazan en lugares concretos habitados generando efectos multidimensionales para las poblaciones afectadas. Como objetivo general se plantea reconstruir el proceso de ordenamiento territorial que en nombre del desarrollo se realiza vinculado a la Presa Potrerillos desde 1998 en los lugares de Cacheuta y Potrerillos, y sus efectos sobre la situación habitacional, la economía de subsistencia y las redes de integración socio-comunitarias, así como sobre lugares de memoria de los pobladores, sin dejar de considerar las estrategias adaptativas y/o de resistencia de los mismos al nuevo ambiente físico y social, así como el contexto en que se evocan las memorias. En este sentido, se plantean como objetivos específicos: 1) Ahondar en los fundamentos del desarrollo planteado en el proyecto de la Presa Potrerillos, así como en el orden territorial planificado en torno al perilago; 2) Recrear el proceso de desalojo y relocalización de la población, e indagar en las implicancias habitacionales y sobre la tenencia de la tierra para la población no relocalizada; 3) Indagar en los efectos y estrategias adaptativas en relación a las actividades económicas de subsistencia; en las redes de integración socio-comunitarias de los pobladores -por ellas entendemos las redes de relaciones de vecindad, parentesco, amistad, relaciones laborales y organizaciones sociales (formales e informales)-; así como sobre los espacios públicos comunes, dentro de los que se incluyen los lugares de memoria; 4) Analizar el contexto de evocación de las memorias, en relación al desarrollo socio-territorial de las localidades y su integración al desarrollo local mayor. Si bien son numerosos los actores colectivos involucrados en estos procesos de carácter político, se pone énfasis, por un lado, en la población afectada relocalizada y no relocalizada; y por otro lado, en el actor responsable del proyecto que en nuestro caso es el gobierno provincial, específicamente el sector vinculado al reordenamiento territorial del perilago y al proceso de desalojo y relocalización. Se postula como hipótesis que los proyectos de inversión y desarrollo, en el marco de la globalización neoliberal son productores de desplazamiento de poblaciones, y como producciones sectoriales, generan ordenamientos socio-territoriales no democráticos y excluyentes para algunos sectores. En el caso de estudio, el desarrollo promovido por el Estado provincial para el área circundante a la obra, a partir de la definición de los usos del suelo, propicia la concentración económica y genera desalojos y relocalizaciones, así como la desatención de los sectores afectados. El diseño metodológico adoptado, para dar alcance a los objetivos de investigación, se enmarca en el paradigma dialógico e interpretativo dada la pretensión de captar las perspectivas y significaciones de los sujetos involucrados en el caso de estudio. Considerando que se trata de la reconstrucción de un proceso que tuvo inicio hace más de 10 años, se apela a las memorias de los actores del proceso, como a documentos oficiales y periodísticos para la elaboración del conocimiento histórico y social del mismo, en tanto pasado reciente y proceso no concluido al momento de esta investigación

La Salud Pública frente a un Estado centralizado : establecimientos y servicios asistenciales en la provincia de Mendoza durante el primer peronismo

La presente investigación analiza la acción del Estado en materia de salud pública durante el primer peronismo e incursiona sobre algunos factores que condicionaron el éxito o fracaso de las políticas a nivel provincial. El trabajo remite además, a través de algunos ejemplos concretos, a unidades territoriales más reducidas como son los municipios, en tanto ámbitos de aplicación de las políticas públicas o bien ejecutores de las mismas. Algunas de las preguntas que se intentaron responder fueron ¿En qué medida los nuevos cambios en la estructura del Estado fueron acompañados de acciones concretas que incidieran en las condiciones de vida de la población? ¿Qué obstáculos limitaron la acción gubernamental? Se incluirá en este análisis la realización de obra pública por parte del Estado, personal a cargo, como así también las inversiones en otros recursos necesarios para una adecuada atención médica.

Correlación entre estrés, tabaquismo y estado periodontal en adultos residentes en la ciudad de Mendoza

Introducción: Las periodontitis son infecciones asociadas a microorganismos patogénicos y alteraciones en la respuesta del huésped. El estrés psicosocial y las conductas de afrontamiento inadecuadas pueden ejercer efectos inmunosupresivos, incrementando la susceptibilidad. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la correlación entre estrés psicosocial, conductas adaptativas y tabaquismo con el estado periodontal. Materiales y método: Se reclutaron 166 sujetos voluntarios de ambos sexos, sanos sistémicamente, entre 25 a 65 años (41,2±11,3), que asistieron a la Facultad de Odontología de la UNCuyo. Para la valoración del estrés y conductas adaptativas se aplicaron: Escala de Reajuste Social (SRRS), Inventario de Síntomas de Estrés (SSI), cuestionario de conductas de afrontamiento (COPE). Se determinó el nivel de cortisol salival y se evaluó el hábito tabáquico. Los parámetros periodontales evaluados fueron: profundidad de sondaje, pérdida de inserción, índice gingival y de placa. El estudio estadístico incluyó análisis de regresión logística bivariado y multivariado, prueba de chi cuadrado, ANOVA. Resultados: Se demuestra asociación significativa por análisis bivariado: edad y estado periodontal (p<0,0001); conductas adaptativas y estado periodontal (p<0,0001) OR 5,3 IC95% (2,2-12,6); tabaquismo y estado periodontal (p<0,0001) OR 3,36 IC95% (1,6-7,0); cortisol y estado periodontal (p=0,0008). El análisis bivariado no encontró significancia entre estrés y estado periodontal. El análisis de regresión logística multivariado encontró asociación significativa de la relación estado periodontal con estrés (p=0,014), conductas adaptativas (p=0,030), tabaco (p=0,031), edad (p<0,0001). Conclusiones: Los sujetos que presentan estrés, inadecuadas conductas adaptativas y fuman son más susceptibles al deterioro periodontal. Valores altos de cortisol salival se asociaron a mayor deterioro periodontal.

The Dyad School Success/Failure in the Academic Development of the Working Class Women from Mendoza

The notion of academic performance renders account of the results achieved by the students during their school education.  Internally, there are two opposed phenomena:  school success and school failure.  Sociology of education has contributed to the discussion of both notions revealing their social nature closely related to the institutional and socio-cultural contexts in which education is developed.  This paper is the result of a research project conducted for our doctoral thesis.  Its purpose is to contribute to enlighten the scopes of this discussion, by analyzing the school development of a group of working class women from Mendoza. We were interested, in the first place, in knowing the reasons why they quit school when they were young girls or adolescents.  Subsequently, we have approached the opportunities they had to access the system again during their adulthood, the obstacles they had to face and the resources to be able to complete the medium level.

DE LA VISIÓN DE HOMOGENEIDAD DE LA VITIVINICULTURA DEL OASIS NORTE DE MENDOZA, A LA DIVERSIDAD DE LOS TERRITORIOS VITIVINÍCOLAS QUE LA POSICIONAN A NIVEL MUNDIAL

La vitivinicultura argentina constituye una actividad agroindustrial especializada que caracteriza los oasis de la franja noroeste y centro-oeste del país. En este contexto espacial, Mendoza representa más del cincuenta porciento tanto de la superficie cultivada con vid como de la producción de vino y su comercialización. La geografía de la vid y el vino de Mendoza experimenta transformaciones, por lo que, con un contenido temático y cartográfico se han confeccionado diversos Atlas del Potencial vitivinícola de Mendoza. A través de ellos se muestran distintas dimensiones de los cambios que diferencian los lugares, son los “territorios vitivinícolas”.”. En esta oportunidad, se presentan tres perfiles distintos dentro del oasis norte mendocino que forman parte de los “Atlas”: Uno, con un perfil netamente innovador, encaminado en la nuevas tendencias vitivinícolas: departamento Luján de Cuyo. Otro, en el que se conjuga una actividad agroindustrial con tradición y trayectoria empresarial, más impactado por procesos urbanizadores: Maipú. Un tercer rasgo, aquél departamento en el cual se vivencia una vitivinicultura tradicional con incipientes indicios de cambios, en expansión: General San Martín. En los tres casos la valoración del potencial vitícola se enriquece cuando se descubre la capacidad "del lugar", para generar una viticultura original; se evalúa, a partir de la superficie cultivada con vid, la composición de cepajes de los viñedos, la dinámica de crecimiento diferenciadas, innovaciones y calidad, reestructuración y niveles de especialización varietal ; el potencial vinícola se evalúa a partir de la bodega que representa una estrategia productiva, que los posicionan como actividad en contextos de inclusión, transición o exclusión. Se evalúa la dinámica de localización, reestructuración empresarial y su significado como patrimonio cultural.

Long-term Decline Of The Amazon Carbon Sink.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades, with a substantial fraction of this sink probably located in the tropics, particularly in the Amazon. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity. The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale, and is contrary to expectations based on models.

Chronic Continuous Exenatide Infusion Does Not Cause Pancreatic Inflammation And Ductal Hyperplasia In Non-human Primates.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of exenatide (EXE) treatment on exocrine pancreas of nonhuman primates. To this end, 52 baboons (Papio hamadryas) underwent partial pancreatectomy, followed by continuous infusion of EXE or saline (SAL) for 14 weeks. Histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, Computer Assisted Stereology Toolbox morphometry, and immunofluorescence staining were performed at baseline and after treatment. The EXE treatment did not induce pancreatitis, parenchymal or periductal inflammatory cell accumulation, ductal hyperplasia, or dysplastic lesions/pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. At study end, Ki-67-positive (proliferating) acinar cell number did not change, compared with baseline, in either group. Ki-67-positive ductal cells increased after EXE treatment (P = 0.04). However, the change in Ki-67-positive ductal cell number did not differ significantly between the EXE and SAL groups (P = 0.13). M-30-positive (apoptotic) acinar and ductal cell number did not change after SAL or EXE treatment. No changes in ductal density and volume were observed after EXE or SAL. Interestingly, by triple-immunofluorescence staining, we detected c-kit (a marker of cell transdifferentiation) positive ductal cells co-expressing insulin in ducts only in the EXE group at study end, suggesting that EXE may promote the differentiation of ductal cells toward a β-cell phenotype. In conclusion, 14 weeks of EXE treatment did not exert any negative effect on exocrine pancreas, by inducing either pancreatic inflammation or hyperplasia/dysplasia in nonhuman primates.

Congenital eruption cyst: a case report

Congenital pathologies are those existing at or dating from birth. Occurrence of congenital cystic lesions in the oral cavity is uncommon in neonates. Eruption cyst (EC) is listed among these unusual lesions. It occurs within the mucosa overlying teeth that are about to erupt and, according to the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of epithelial cysts of the jaws, EC is a separate entity. This paper presents a case of congenital EC successfully managed by close monitoring of the lesion, without any surgical procedure or tooth extraction. Eruption of the teeth involved, primary central incisors, occurred at the fourth month of age. During this time neither the child nor mother had any complication such as pain on sucking, refusal to feed, airway obstruction, or aspiration of fluids or teeth.

Validation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the consumption of carotenoids, fruits and vegetables among adolescents: the method of triads

The aim of this study was to validate the intake of carotenoids, fruits and vegetables estimated by the Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adolescents (FFQA) using the method of triads. Blood samples were collected from 80 elementary school adolescents to assess serum levels of β-carotene. Partial correlation coefficients (r) were calculated between an estimated intake of carotenoids, fruits and vegetables and the serum levels of β-carotene. Validity coefficients were calculated using the method of triads. With the exception of carotenoids, partial r from the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were greater than those of the 24-hour recall (24hR). The fruit/vegetable group showed the highest partial r for the FFQ (r = 0.235) and the 24hR (r = 0.137). The highest validity coefficient was obtained for the vegetable group, as assessed by the FFQ (r = 0.873). On average, the validity coefficient values for the FFQ were greater than those obtained for the 24hR or the β-carotene serum levels. The FFQA is an accurate tool for estimating the intake of carotenoids, fruits and vegetables in this population group.

Tabagismo e câncer no Brasil: evidências e perspectivas

Neste artigo analisa-se a tendência temporal da prevalência do tabagismo no Brasil, bem como as assimetrias da prevalência de acordo com as regiões do país, a idade, o gênero e o nível socioeconômico da população. Desde o estabelecimento da relação entre tabagismo e câncer de pulmão há 60 anos, o número de tumores malignos com evidências de associação causal com o tabagismo ascendeu a vinte. O declínio da prevalência do tabagismo na população brasileira tem sido constante desde o final da década de 80. Até 2003, foi mais intenso entre os homens. A partir daquele ano, a queda tornou-se mais pronunciada entre as mulheres. As mais altas prevalências de tabagismo encontram-se no Sudeste e Sul, as duas regiões com maiores incidências de neoplasias estritamente relacionadas ao tabaco (cavidade oral, esôfago e pulmão). A exposição ambiental à fumaça do tabaco também foi examinada considerando-se os efeitos para os adultos não fumantes, que apresentam maior risco de tumores de pulmão, laringe e faringe, e entre crianças de pais fumantes, suscetíveis ao risco de hepatoblastoma e leucemia linfocítica aguda. Apesar do incontestável sucesso da política de controle do tabagismo no país, as ações de prevenção devem considerar que as parcelas da população com piores condições socioeconômicas e com baixo nível educacional são as que apresentam taxas mais altas de prevalência de tabagismo. Dentro destes segmentos populacionais os adolescentes representam uma prioridade

Observation of the suppression of the flux of cosmic rays above 4x10(19) eV

The energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5 x 10(18) eV, derived from 20 000 events recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory, is described. The spectral index gamma of the particle flux, J proportional to E(-gamma), at energies between 4 x 10(18) eV and 4 x 10(19) eV is 2.69 +/- 0.02(stat) +/- 0.06(syst), steepening to 4.2 +/- 0.4(stat) +/- 0: 06 (syst) at higher energies. The hypothesis of a single power law is rejected with a significance greater than 6 standard deviations. The data are consistent with the prediction by Greisen and by Zatsepin and Kuz'min.

Cross Section and Parity-Violating Spin Asymmetries of W(+/-) Boson Production in Polarized p plus p Collisions at root s=500 Gev

Large parity-violating longitudinal single-spin asymmetries A(L)(e+) = 0.86(-0.14)(+0.30) and Ae(L)(e-) = 0.88(-0.71)(+0.12) are observed for inclusive high transverse momentum electrons and positrons in polarized p + p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s = 500 GeV with the PHENIX detector at RHIC. These e(+/-) come mainly from the decay of W(+/-) and Z(0) bosons, and their asymmetries directly demonstrate parity violation in the couplings of the W(+/-) to the light quarks. The observed electron and positron yields were used to estimate W(+/-) boson production cross sections for the e(+/-) channels of sigma(pp -> W(+)X) X BR(W(+) -> e(+) nu(e)) = 144.1 +/- 21.2(stat)(-10.3)(+3.4)(syst) +/- 21.6(norm) pb, and sigma(pp -> W(-)X) X BR(W(-) -> e(-) (nu) over bar (e)) = 3.17 +/- 12.1(stat)(-8.2)(+10.1)(syst) +/- 4.8(norm) pb.

Measurement of the depth of maximum of extensive air showers above 10(18) eV

We describe the measurement of the depth of maximum, X(max), of the longitudinal development of air showers induced by cosmic rays. Almost 4000 events above 10(18) eV observed by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory in coincidence with at least one surface detector station are selected for the analysis. The average shower maximum was found to evolve with energy at a rate of (106 +/- 35-21) g/cm(2)/decade below 10(18.24) +/- (0.05) eV, and d24 +/- 3 g/cm(2)/ecade above this energy. The measured shower-to-shower fluctuations decrease from about 55 to 26 g/cm(2). The interpretation of these results in terms of the cosmic ray mass composition is briefly discussed.

Limit on the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy tau neutrinos with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory are used to establish an upper limit on the diffuse flux of tau neutrinos in the cosmic radiation. Earth-skimming nu(tau) may interact in the Earth's crust and produce a tau lepton by means of charged-current interactions. The tau lepton may emerge from the Earth and decay in the atmosphere to produce a nearly horizontal shower with a typical signature, a persistent electromagnetic component even at very large atmospheric depths. The search procedure to select events induced by tau decays against the background of normal showers induced by cosmic rays is described. The method used to compute the exposure for a detector continuously growing with time is detailed. Systematic uncertainties in the exposure from the detector, the analysis, and the involved physics are discussed. No tau neutrino candidates have been found. For neutrinos in the energy range 2x10(17) eV < E(nu)< 2x10(19) eV, assuming a diffuse spectrum of the form E(nu)(-2), data collected between 1 January 2004 and 30 April 2008 yield a 90% confidence-level upper limit of E(nu)(2)dN(nu tau)/dE(nu)< 9x10(-8) GeV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1).

Impact of cancer-related symptom synergisms on health-related quality of life and performance status

To identify the impact of multiple symptoms and their co-occurrence on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) dimensions and performance status (PS), 115 outpatients with cancer, who were not receiving active cancer treatment and were recruited from, a university hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Brief Pain Inventory. Karnofsky Performance Status scores also were completed. Application of TwoStep Cluster analysis resulted in two distinct patient subgroups based on 113 patient experiences with pain, depression, fatigue, insomnia, constipation, lack of appetite, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. One group had multiple and severe symptom subgroup and another had Less symptoms and with lower severity. Multiple and severe symptoms had worse PS, role functioning, and physical, emotional, cognitive, social, and overall HRQOL. Multiple and severe symptom subgroup was also six times as likely as lower severity to have poor role functioning;five times more likely to have poor emotional;four times more likely to have poor PS, physical, and overall HRQOL, and three times as likely to have poor cognitive and social HRQOL, independent of gender, age, level of education, and economic condition. Classification and Regression Tree analyses were undertaken to identify which co-occurring symptoms would best determine reduction in HRQOL and PS. Pain and fatigue were identified as indicators of reduction on physical HRQOL and PS. Fatigue and insomnia were associated with reduction in cognitive; depression and pain in social; and fatigue and constipation in role functioning. Only depression was associated with reduction in overall HRQOL. These data demonstrate that there is a synergic effect among distinct cancer symptoms that result in reduction in HRQOL dimensions and PS.