Microcrédito y gestión de servicios ambientales urbanos: casos de gestión de residuos sólidos en Argentina

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Dragon's blood Croton palanostigma induces genotoxic effects in mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance Dragon's blood is a dark-red sap produced by species from the genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae), which has been used as a famous traditional medicine since ancient times in many countries, with scarce data about its safe use in humans. In this research, we studied genotoxicity and clastogenicity of Croton palanostigma sap using the comet assay and micronucleus test in cells of mice submitted to acute treatment. Material and methods HPLC analysis was performed to identify the main components of the sap. The sap was administered by oral gavage at doses of 300 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg. For the analysis, the comet assay was performed on the leukocytes and liver cells collected 24 h after treatment, and the micronucleus test (MN) on bone marrow cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed by scoring 200 consecutive polychromatic (PCE) and normochromatic (NCE) erythrocytes (PCE/NCE ratio). Results and conclusion The alkaloid taspine was the main compound indentified in the crude sap of Croton palanostigma. The results of the genotoxicity assessment show that all sap doses tested produced genotoxic effects in leukocytes and liver cells and also produced clastogenic/aneugenic effects in bone marrow cells of mice at the two higher doses tested. The PCE/NCE ratio indicated no cytotoxicity. The data obtained suggest caution in the use of Croton palanostigma sap by humans considering its risk of carcinogenesis. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Bodas de Sangue, de Carlos Saura: releitura do musical clássico

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Manual para usuarios de las Encuestas Comparativas de Fecundidad PECFAL-Rural

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Por dentro do espelho: reflexões sobre o feminino negro em Raça Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise da cinética de remoção de lactato em atletas de canoagem slalom

The aim of this study was to verify the kinetics of lactate production and removal in slalom kayak athletes, K1 category, during official competition. Eight male athletes (22,6 ± 4,3 years) participated of the study. For the analysis of lactate, 25µL of capillary blood were collected. The kinetics of lactate removal was performed before the warm-up (Pre), just after the competitors exit from the river (Post 0'), 5 (Post 5'), and 20 (Post 20') minutes. The results demonstrated a significant increase in lactate concentrations (9.8 mmol/l, 9.4 mmol/l and 6.6 mmol/l) at 0', 5' and 20' post respectively, with values of P<0.01. The findings indicate that after 20 minutes the values of lactate reduced significantly (P<0.05) compared to Pre exercise, suggesting that the athletes would indicate good metabolic conditions for the second turn of the race.

Estudo do comportamento cortisol, gh e insulina apos uma sessao de exercicio resistido agudo

INTRODUÇÃO:Muitos trabalhos têm estudado o comportamento hormonal nos exercício resistido, entretanto poucos relacionam os hormônios cortisol, GH e insulina.OBJETIVO:Estudar os ajustes das concentrações plasmáticas dos hormônios cortisol, GH e insulina em exercícios resistidos de mesma intensidade com relação à massas musculares distintas.MÉTODOS:Dez voluntários, com 20,3 ± 4,2 anos, 74,1 ± 10,2 kg de peso, 177,2 ± 4,6 cm de estatura e 23,8 ± 3,2 kg/m2 de IMC, realizaram uma sessão de leg press (LP) e supino reto (SR) com quatro séries com 10 repetições a 70% 1 RM com três minutos de intervalo. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para dosagem das concentrações plasmáticas de cortisol, GH e insulina em repouso (Pré) e em 0' (Rec. 0'), 30' (Rec. 30') e 90' (Rec. 90') de recuperação.RESULTADOS:As concentrações plasmáticas de cortisol foram significativamente reduzidas ao final da recuperação em LP (2,20±0,37 ng/dl para 1,33±0,38ng/dl) em relação à pré-dosagem. As concentrações de GH e insulina elevaram-se significativamente durante a recuperação. GH em LP foi significativamente maior em Rec. 0' (2,75±3,29 ng/ml para 9,60±5,32 ng/dl) do que em pré. A insulina elevou-se significativamente em Rec. 30' em LP (14,70±7,92 ulU/ml para 21,66 ± 8,61 ulU/ml) e em SR (6,17 ± 2,99 ulU/ml para 19,70 ± 13,8 ulU/ml) em relação à pré. As concentrações plasmáticas de insulina pré em LP foram significativamente superiores a SR (14,70 ulU/ml e 6,17 ± 2,99 ulU/ml).CONCLUSÃO:O exercício resistido promoveu diferentes ajustes nas concentrações hormonais de cortisol, GH e insulina durante o período de recuperação.

Efeitos do exercicio agudo sobre biomarcadores sericos de ratos diabeticos

INTRODUÇÃO:As respostas ao exercício agudo dos biomarcadores, como a fosfatase alcalina (FA) e a creatina quinase (CK) séricas têm sido pouco investigadas em ratos diabéticos.OBJETIVOS:Verificar os efeitos do exercício físico aeróbio agudo sobre as concentrações de CK e FA, bem como, avaliar o estado hídrico em ratos diabéticos experimentais.MATERIAIS E MÉTODOSForam utilizados ratos Wistar machos, adultos jovens, distribuídos em dois grupos: diabéticos (DA) e controles (CA). O diabetes foi induzido por meio da administração de aloxana monoidratado Sigma(r) (32 mg/kg de peso corporal). Duas semanas após confirmação do diabetes, ambos os grupos foram submetidos a uma sessão aguda de natação por 30 min, com carga aeróbia (4,5 % do peso corporal). Foram avaliados: glicose, hematócrito, CK, FA, albumina e a cinética de lactato durante o exercício por meio de coletas 25 µL de sangue da cauda dos animais, nos minutos 0, 10, 20 e 30 de exercício.RESULTADOS:ANOVA de dois fatores para medidas repetidas e o teste post hoc de Tukey apontaram diminuição significativa dos valores de glicemia após o exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de CK pós-exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de hematócrito para ambos os grupos após exercício e manutenção da FA após exercício para o grupo DA.CONCLUSÃO:O exercício agudo aeróbio foi eficiente no controle dos níveis glicêmicos de ratos diabéticos. Entretanto, deve ser aplicado com cautela, pois induziu altos valores de CK, sugerindo possíveis lesões teciduais.

Efeitos da idade cronológica e maturação sexual na velocidade de corrida no limiar de lactato de crianças e adolescentes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dieta de Turdus leucomelas (Aves: Turdidae) em uma área urbanizada, com ênfase no consumo de frutos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The frequency of HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms in Brazilian Plasmodium vivax malaria patients and in blood donors from the Amazon Region

We evaluated the frequency of different HLA-DRB1 alleles in Plasmodium vivax-infected individuals and in healthy blood donors from malaria endemic areas of Brazil. Low-resolution human leukocyte antigen-DRB1 genotyping was performed for 73 malaria patients and 29 healthy blood donors. The most frequent alleles in individuals from northern Brazil were human leukocyte antigen-DRB1*04, *08, *07 and *13. The frequency of human leukocyte antigen-DRB1*07 was higher in malaria-infected individuals than in the control group, which reinforces the theory that this allele plays an important role in susceptibility to malaria. This study offers new information about a potential susceptibility factor for P. vivax malaria in a Brazilian population that is naturally exposed to malaria.

Anemia and hemoglobinopathies in pregnant women attended in a public hospital

Objectives: to identify the demographic profile and frequency of anemia and hemoglobinopathies, as a basis for future implementation of actions aimed at pregnant women in the public health domain. Method: this is a cross-sectional study developed with pregnant women attended in a university hospital at Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Blood samples were collected for the erythrogram analysis for detection of anemia and selective and specific tests for abnormal hemoglobin. The patients regarded as indigenous and mentally ill, as well as inmates, were excluded from the research, as they represent a vulnerable population which needs a cohort different from that of the sample. For data collection, a particular questionnaire was used. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), under the Protocol 873/2006. Results: of the 215 pregnant women under study, 20% were adolescents; 36.3% had incomplete primary education; 53.0% were non-Caucasian; 43.3% were from Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; and 21.1% were of European descent. 17.7% had some type of anemia and, in the evaluation of hemoglobinopathies, 4.7% of patients were detected with some abnormal hemoglobin, with the following frequencies: 3.3% with HbAS; 0.9% with HbAC; and 0.5% with intermediate β-thalassemia. Conclusion: the frequencies of anemia and hemoglobinopathy found in these pregnant women showed the importance of early diagnosis, revealing indicators able to provide a basis for preventive and assistance actions for adequate clinical monitoring, reducing maternal and neonatal morbimortality in the public health services. Descriptors: pregnant women; anemia; hemoglobinopathies; public health; nursing.

Efeito da coenzima Q10 nos danos oxidativos induzidos pela L-tiroxina no músculo sóleo de ratos

Introduction: skeletal muscles are dynamic tissue that can change their phenotypic characteristics providing a better functional adaptation to different stimuli. L-thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland and has been used as an experimental model for stimulation of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a fat-soluble provitamin endogenously synthesized and found naturally in foods such red meat, fish, cereals, broccoli and spinach. It has antioxidant properties and potential in the treatment of degenerative and neuromuscular diseases. Objective: to evaluate the protective effect of CoQ10 in the soleus muscle of rats against the oxidative damage caused by L-thyroxine. Methods: the rats were divided in four groups of six animals each: Group 1 (control); Group 2 (coenzyme Q10); Group 3 (L-thyroxine), and Group 4 coenzyme Q10 and L-thyroxine). After euthanasia, blood was collected and serum activity of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was analyzed. In the soleus muscle homogenates the factors related to oxidative stress were assessed. Results: CoQ10 protected the soleus muscle against the damage caused by L-thyroxine and favored the maintenance of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase, the concentration of decreased and oxidized glutathione, and prevented lipid peroxidation. Conclusion: the results indicate that CoQ10 protects rat soleus muscle from oxidative damage caused by L-thyroxine.

Malnutrition in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: effectiveness of different diagnostic methods

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Capacitação de produtores rurais para a melhoria da qualidade do leite cru produzido na região de Araçatuba - SP

This paper reports the results of an extension project carried out at Unesp/Veterinary Medicine course in Araçatuba city with milk farmers of the region. The aim of the project was to supply information to farmers concerning to good quality milk production and, at the same time, to follow up the evolution of milk quality parameters, according to the current Brazilian legislation. Every 45 days, approximately, lectures were presented to milk farmers in Araçatuba city region, approaching chemical and microbiological composition of milk, prevention and detection of mastitis, hygiene proceedings in milking and conservation of milk, cleaning and sanitization operations of facilities and equipments and prevention of adulteration. During the intervals between lectures, milk samples were collected from collective milk cooling tanks and analyzed for microbiological, hygienic and physicochemical tests. The main inadequacies in milk quality were high total bacteria and somatic cells counts, low solids contents and water addition. These problems did not proceed to betterment during the project time. So, it was concluded that the time for instruction of farmers was not enough for a progress in the quality of the milk produced in the region, pointing out the need in continuing this kind of work.