Doenças metabólicas do periparto em bovinos leiteiros

Peripartum or Transition Period is, generally, defined as the period between three weeks pre-calving and three weeks after calving. It is a critical and crucial stage to the cow’s health and to economic profitability during the lactation. During this phase the cows experience several changes that prepare them to calve and milk yield. These changes contribute to metabolic disorders’ incidence, and can lead to reproductive function and milk yield reduction, and increase the herd’s disposal. This paper aimed to review the peripartum metabolic diseases, which includes Ketosis, Hypocalcemia, Hepatic Steatosis, Ruminal Acidosis and Lameness

Exposição perinatal ao chumbo e desnutrição intra-uterina, isoladamente ou em associação: efeitos cardiovasculares em ratos recém-desmamados

Plumbism is considered the oldest occupational disease. Among the pathophysiological effects associated with lead (Pb) are cardiovascular disorders. Many diseases that develop later in life are determined during the early stages of life, under the influence of exposure and preferred diet of the mother. Still, one should consider that many environmental contaminants at levels not harmful can determine pathophysiological processes if physical or chemical stressors and/or pathological conditions are present. In this context, the intrauterine malnutrition may represent an additional risk factor in exposure to Pb during pregnancy and lactation. For these reasons, the objective of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular risk of weaned rats that have suffered perinatal exposure to Pb and intrauterine malnutrition, alone or in combination. After mating, female rats were divided into control (ctrl, ad libitum), food restriction (RA, the same diet 50% of consumption in the control group during pregnancy), exposed to Pb (500 ppm Pb in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation) and association (As, received the last two procedures in combination). Cumulative concentration-effect curves (CECs) to CaCl2 and noradrenaline (NA) were obtained in rings with and without endothelium of the same thoracic aorta from male weaned rats (23-25 days old). Maternal weight, litter weight, weight and number of pups at birth, anogenital distance, arterial blood pressure (ABP) and weight of tissues (kidney, liver, aorta, left ventricle) were evaluated. Changes in vascular reactivity were assessed by the maximum response (MR) and 50% effective concentration (EC50). Data were presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed by multifactorial analysis of variance and Tukey's post test. Body weight of dams did not differ between the experimental groups, except on the...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Estudo da interação genótipo ambiente em búfalos leiteiros do Brasil e da Colômbia

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Obesogenic environment by excess of dietary fats in different phases of development reduces spermatic efficiency of wistar rats at adulthood: correlations with metabolic status

This study compares the impact of obesogenic environment (OE) in six different periods of development on sperm parameters and the testicular structure of adult rats and their correlations with sex steroid and metabolic scenario. Wistar rats were exposed to OE during gestation (O1), during gestation/lactation (O2), from weaning to adulthood (O3), from lactation to adulthood (O4), from gestation to sexual maturity (O5), and after sexual maturation (O6). OE was induced by a 20% fat diet, and control groups were fed a balanced diet (4% fat). Serum leptin levels and adiposity index indicate that all groups were obese, except for O1. Three progressive levels of impaired metabolic status were observed: O1 presented insulin resistance, O2 were insulin resistant and obese, and groups O3, O4, and O5 were insulin resistant, obese, and diabetic. These three levels of metabolic damage were proportional to the increase of leptin and decreased circulating testosterone. The impairment in the daily sperm production (DSP) paralleled these three levels of metabolic and hormonal damage being marginal in O1, increasing in O2, and being higher in groups O3, O4, O5, and O6. None of the OE periods affected the sperm transit time in the epididymis, and the lower sperm reserves were caused mainly by impaired DSP. In conclusion, OE during sexual maturation markedly reduces the DSP at adulthood in the rat. A severe reduction in the DSP also occurs in OE exposure during gestation/lactation but not in gestation, indicating that breast-feeding is a critical period for spermatogenic impairment under obesogenic conditions.

Produção e qualidade do leite e da carne de caprinos anglo nubianos suplementados com óleos vegetais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação dos resultados das contagens de células somáticas obtidas pelo equipamento Ekomilk Scan e suas correlações com outros métodos de análise

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Maternal protein restriction increases respiratory and sympathetic activities and sensitizes peripheral chemoreflex in male rat offspring

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Ocorrência de mastite subclínica ovina durante duas lactações consecutivas em rebanho da raça Santa Inês

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Manejo pré-abate de ovelhas de descarte: perdas de peso corporal, qualidade da carne e comportamento animal

The aim of this study was to know the behavior of Santa Inês ewes in different physiological stages during the pre-slaughter management, as well as their body weight loss, blood hematocrit values and meat quality. 21 discard ewes were used, arranged into the following treatments: T1 = ewes which remained in lactation for 60 days with their respective lambs and slaughtered one day after weaning; T2 = ewes which remained in lactation for 60 days with their respective lambs and one more period of approximately 30 days without the lambs and afterwards slaughtered; and T3 = ewes which remained in confinement for 60 days and did not give birth during the year. The weight of ewes after transportation was lower for T1 in comparison with T2. Blood hematocrit values of ewes before and after transportation and after fast in the waiting pen were not different among the treatments, with mean value of 58.50%. We concluded that the quality of meat of discard ewes in different physiological stages is not altered by pre-slaughter management, when correctly performed (avoiding animal stress), concerning meat pH.

Desempenho de vacas leiteiras em pastejo de alfafa

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Colostro e leite de éguas: análise mirobiológica e contagem de células somáticas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Immunization of Wistar female rats with 255-Gy-irradiated Toxoplasma gondii: Tissue parasitic load and lactogenic quantification

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of aging and maternal protein restriction on the muscle fibers morphology and neuromuscular junctions of rats after nutritional recovery

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effects of maternal exposure to the galactagogue Sulpiride on reproductive parameters in female rats

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Maternal-calf relationships and their influence on calves up to 120 days

Objectives. To research parental behavior and measure the weight of Nelore and Guzerat calves up to 120 days of age, collecting data from birth up to the first lactation. Materials and methods. Seven different corporal positions were considered to obtain specific data for each of the following categories: time to stand (TP), time to intend to feed after standing (TPTM), weight at birth (PN), weight at 120 days (P120), and time in contact with the calf (TCC). Additionally, independent variables were also evaluated, organized by class: weight at birth (CPN), number of calvings (CNP), order of calving in relation with the herd (CLPR), time of calving (CHP), and finally, hindering to feed (CTAT). Results. There was a significant result in favor of the Nelore race over the Guzerat race. The statistical averages for Nelore and Guzerat were: Time to stand averaged 71 and 153 minutes; time to intend to feed after standing, 39 minutes for Nelore and of 114 minutes for Guzerat. For variable weight at 120 days, Nelore reached an average of 122 kg, and Guzerat 109 kg. For the time in contact with the calf variable there was no significant variance between races. Conclusions. Results showed the superiority of the Nelore race, considering it better adapted to local environmental conditions.