Planificación estratégica: aspectos introductorios (II)

Transparencias como material docente para la asignatura de Administración de Organizaciones. Se corresponden con la etapa primera del proceso administrativo de las organizaciones, la planificación estratégica. En concreto, incluyen aspectos introductorios relacionados con el análisis del entorno y el análisis interno, así como con el concepto y las características de los objetivos estratégicos.

Herramientas de planificación estratégica (II): Mapa estratégico (marco estratégico))

Marca las líneas básicas para la definición del marco estratégico de una organización, considerando una serie de variables y realizando un diagnóstico para analizar la situación en la que se encuentra. Todo ello ayuda a la organización a fijar los objetivos estratégicos, base para la construcción de su mapa estratégico

Prevalência da infecção por HPV e perfil das mulheres frente ao exame de papanicolau no município de São José de Mipibú/RN.

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the major sexually transmitted disease all over the world. There are many factors associated to infection and the virus persistency in the organism. This study aims to evaluate the women's knowledge, attitudes and practice about the Papanicolaou test (Pap), as well as analyze the HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis infections prevalences in sexually active women from the city of São José do Mipibu/RN/Brazil. This research was divided in two steps (step I and step II), using different methodologies and samples each. The samples collected in each step, even socio-demographic or from uterus cervix, are from different patients e were analyzed separated. In step I was evaluated 267 rural and urban zone women s knowledge, attitudes and practices about the Pap by home interview. In the step II were included 605 women with age ranged from 15 to 71 years old, with mean of 33,5 years old and from each one were collected two cervical samples, one for Pap and other for molecular biology, beside the epidemiological interview to investigate the correlation between prevalence of HPV infection and risk factors. To molecular analyses, the samples were processed using a mammal rapid DNA extraction technique protocol. For C. trachomatis DNA detection were used the CP24/27 primers, and GP5+/GP6+ to HPV. PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis on 8% polyacrylamide gels, followed by silver staining. The results of the step I showed that, in spite of only 46,1% of the interviewed women they have demonstrated to possess appropriate knowledge on the Pap test, the attitude and practice proportions were significantly larger, 63,3% and 64,4% respectively. The largest education degree presented association with adaptation of the knowledge, attitudes and practice, while neglect, lack of solicitation of the exam for the doctor and shame, came as main barriers for the accomplishment of the exam. In the stage II the HPV general prevalence was 28,9%, being 26,7% in the women with normal cytology or benign alterations, 26,7% in the ones that had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and 80% in those with Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). the HPV infection prevalence was larger in the patients with up to 30 years of age and in the unmarried women, and those that had more than one sexual partner presented larger infection risk. The results show that the sexual relationship with multiple partners increased the infection risk for HPV and consequently the possibility of the occurrence of lesions uterine cervix

Diccionario de antigüedades del Reino de Navarra / por José Yanguas y Miranda.

II. Diccionario de antigüedades ...

Role of the Tryptophan Residues in the Specific interaction of the Sea Anemone Stichodacty la helianthus’s Actinoporin Sticholysin II with Biological Membranes

Actinoporins are pore-forming toxins from sea anemones. Upon interaction with sphingomyelin-containing bilayers, they become integral oligomeric membrane structures that form a pore. Sticholysin II from Stichodactyla helianthus contains five tryptophans located at strategic positions; its role has now been studied using different mutants. Results show that W43 and W115 play a eterminant role in maintaining the high thermostability of the protein, while W146 provides specific interactions for protomer−protomer assembly. W110 and W114 sustain the hydrophobic effect, which is one of the major driving forces for membrane binding in the presence of Chol. However, in its absence, additional interactions with sphingomyelin are required. These conclusions were confirmed with two sphingomyelin analogues, one of which had impaired hydrogen bonding properties. The results obtained support actinoporins’ Trp residues playing a major role in membrane recognition and binding, but their residues have an only minor influence on the diffusion and oligomerization steps needed to assemble a functional pore.

Monitoring pasture variability: optical OptRx® crop sensor versus Grassmaster II capacitance probe

Estimation of pasture productivity is an important step for the farmer in terms of planning animal stocking, organizing animal lots, and determining supplementary feeding needs throughout the year. The main objective of this work was to evaluate technologies which have potential for monitoring aspects related to spatial and temporal variability of pasture green and dry matter yield (respectively, GM and DM, in kg/ha) and support to decision making for the farmer. Two types of sensors were evaluated: an active optical sensor(OptRx®, which measures the NDVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and a capacitance probe (GrassMaster II which estimates plant mass). The results showed the potential of NDVI for monitoring the evolution of spatial and temporal patterns of vegetative growth of biodiverse pasture. Higher NDVI values were registered as pasture approached its greatest vegetative vigor, with a significant fall in the measured NDVI at the end of Spring, when the pasture began to dry due to the combination of higher temperatures and lower soil moisture content. This index was also effective for identifying different plant species (grasses/legumes) and variability in pasture yield. Furthermore, it was possible to develop calibration equations between the capacitance and the NDVI (R2 = 0.757; p < 0.01), between capacitance and GM (R2 = 0.799; p<0.01), between capacitance and DM (R2 = 0.630; p<0.01), between NDVI and GM (R2=0.745; p < 0.01), and between capacitance and DM (R2=0.524; p<0.01). Finally, a direct relationship was obtained between NDVI and pasture moisture content (PMC, in %) and between capacitance and PMC (respectively, R2 = 0.615; p<0.01 and R2=0.561; p <0.01) in Alentejo dryland farming systems.

Calibration of Grassmaster II to estimate green and dry matter yield in Mediterranean pastures: effects of pasture moisture content

Accurate assessment of standing pasture biomass in livestock production systems is a major factor for improving feed planning. Several tools are available to achieve this, including the GrassMaster II capacitance meter. This tool relies on an electrical signal, which is modified by the surrounding pasture. There is limited knowledge on how this capacitance meter performs in Mediterranean pastures. Therefore, we evaluated the GrassMaster II under Mediterranean conditions to determine (i) the effect of pasture moisture content (PMC) on the meter’s ability to estimate pasture green matter (GM) and dry matter (DM) yields, and (ii) the spatial variability and temporal stability of corrected meter readings (CMR) and DM in a bio-diverse pasture. Field tests were carried out with typical pastures of the southern region of Portugal (grasses, legumes, mixture and volunteer annual species) and at different phenological stages (and different PMC). There were significant positive linear relations between CMR and GM (r2 = 0.60, P < 0.01) and CMR and DM (r2 = 0.35, P < 0.05) for all locations (n = 347). Weak relationships were found for PMC (%) v. slope and coefficient of determination for both GM and DM. A significant linear relation existed for CMR v. GM and DM for PMC >80% (r2= 0.57, P < 0.01, RMSE = 2856.7 kg ha–1, CVRMSE=17.1% to GM; and r2= 0.51, P < 0.01,RMSE = 353.7 kg ha–1, CVRMSE = 14.3% to DM). Therefore, under the conditions of this current study there exists an optimum PMC (%) for estimating both GM and DM with the GrassMaster II. Repeated-measurements taken at the same location on different dates and conditions in a bio-diverse pasture showed similar and stable patterns between CMR and DM (r2= 0.67, P < 0.01, RMSE = 136.1 kg ha–1, CVRMSE = 6.5%). The results indicate that the GrassMaster II in-situ technique could play a crucial role in assessing pasture mass to improve feed planning under Mediterranean conditions.

Evaluation of DUALEM, OptRx and Grassmaster II sensors for monitoring the spatial variability and the temporal stability of a Mediterranean pasture

Site-specific management (SSM) is a form of precision agriculture whereby decisions on resource application and agronomic practices are improved to better match soil and crop requirements as they vary in the field. SSM enables the identification of regions (homogeneous management zones) within the area delimited by field boundaries. These subfield regions constitute areas that have similar permanent characteristics. Traditional soil and pasture sampling and the necessary laboratory analysis are time-consuming, labour-intensive and cost prohibitive, not viable from a SSM perspective because it needs a large number of soil and pasture samples in order to achieve a good representation of soil properties, nutrient levels and pasture quality and productivity. The main objective of this work was to evaluate technologies which have potential for monitoring aspects related to spatial and temporal variability of soil nutrients and pasture green and dry matter yield (respectively, GM and DM, in kg/ha) and support to decision making for the farmer. Three types of sensors were evaluated in a 7ha pasture experimental field: an electromagnetic induction sensor (“DUALEM 1S”, which measures the soil apparent electrical conductivity, ECa), an active optical sensor ("OptRx®", which measures the NDVI, “Normalized Difference Vegetation Index”) and a capacitance probe ("GrassMaster II" which estimates plant mass). The results indicate the possibility of using a soil electrical conductivity probe as, probably, the best tool for monitoring not only some of the characteristics of the soil, but also those of the pasture, which could represent an important help in simplifying the process of sampling and support SSM decision making, in precision agriculture projects. On the other hand, the significant and very strong correlations obtained between capacitance and NDVI and between any of these parameters and the pasture productivity shows the potential of these tools for monitoring the evolution of spatial and temporal patterns of the vegetative growth of biodiverse pasture, for identifying different plant species and variability in pasture yield in Alentejo dry-land farming systems. These results are relevant for the selection of an adequate sensing system for a particular application and open new perspectives for other works that would allow the testing, calibration and validation of the sensors in a wider range of pasture production conditions, namely the extraordinary diversity of botanical species that are characteristic of the Mediterranean region at the different periods of the year.

Edição crítica das "Obras de José Marinho" Volume IX: Teoria do Ser e da Verdade, Tomo III

Completa o Tomo III o Volume IX das “Obras de José Marinho” dedicado ao texto fundamental do pensamento de José Marinho, a Teoria do Ser e da Verdade, facultando o conhecimento dos capítulos da versão definitiva, isto é, aquela versão que tem uma estruturação de partes e capítulos idêntica ao livro publicado. Se o Tomo II dispunha já, desta versão definitiva, um conjunto de textos breves, apontamentos e esquemas e, sobretudo, o largo acervo de textos introdutórios, o Tomo III dispõe as sucessivas redacções dos capítulos, inéditas na sua totalidade, que terão sido redigidas entre o final de 1953 e os meses de Abril e Maio de 1960, ocasião em que o pensador terá encetado a transcrição dactiloescrita que precedeu a entrega da obra à casa editora (Guimarães Editores), ocorrida provavelmente no Outono desse ano.

Perspectivas da investigação e(m) artes: articulações – Actas II Encontro / Debate.

Publicação reúne os contributos apresentados durante o encontro Perspectivas da investigação e(m) artes: articulações, realizado na Universidade de Évora em dezembro de 2013.

Trocas gasosas e eficiência do Fotossistema II em plantas adultas de seis espécies florestais em função do suprimento de água no solo.

2015

CFA88: UN PROGRAMA VERSATIL PARA EL ANALISIS DE EVENTOS HIDROMETEOROLOGICOS EXTREMOS. II. APLICACIONES

Para ilustrar la aplicación del programa CFA88 (Consolidated Frequency Analysis Package, versión 1) se evaluaron dos series hidrometeorológicas extremas. La primera corresponde a valores de precipitación máxima en 48 horas para la estación pluviométrica San José y la segunda a descargas instantáneas para la estación limnigráfrica 842402 Tacares. Por su configuración y operación a base de menús CFA88 en un programa sumamente versátil y útil para aquellos profesionales involucrados en el análisis de eventos hidrometeorologicos extremos. 

Análise qualitativa de um projeto com uma família de agricultores no assentamento rural fazenda Pirituba II.

A ciência da Agroecologia surge nos anos 70 do século XX como uma crítica ao paradigma que sustenta a agricultura convencional, que ignora os sujeitos sociais vinculados ao manejo dos recursos naturais e traz conseqüências sociais e ambientais gravíssimas. Ela propõe alternativas à divisão disciplinar da ciência positivista incorporando as perspectivas social e ecológica à análise dos sistemas agrícolas. Ela tem uma natureza pluri-epistemológica, utilizando-se de técnicas participativas, nas quais a metodologia utilizada tem uma perspectiva de pesquisa dialética. Tal perspectiva rompe com a estrutura de poder sujeito-objeto da metodologia científica convencional na qual o pesquisador é o sujeito que sabe e o pesquisado é o objeto a ser analisado. Este trabalho busca romper com essa relação de poder e dar voz a uma família de agricultores que participou do projeto desenvolvido pela Incubadora Regional de Cooperativas Populares (INCOOP/UFSCar) no Assentamento Rural Fazenda Pirituba II. Com o objetivo de analisar o processo de transição agroecológica pelo qual passa essa família e no qual esteve inserido este projeto, utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa e suas técnicas de observação participante, estudo de caso e história oral de vida. A desarticulação entre as instituições a não compreensão do contexto sócio-histórico local, a perda de visão do todo e a descontinuidade do projeto mostraram ser fatores determinantes para o insucesso do mesmo. Conclui-se que, financiamentos mais longos a projetos que articulem ações de organizações governamentais, não-governamentais e agricultores, vinculados a uma política pública eficiente de Extensão Rural Agroecológica podem contribuir para a geração de processos sustentáveis e autônomos nas comunidades.