Genetic and environmental effects on parturition and lactation intervals in water buffaloes from Brazil

Genetic and environmental effects on parturition interval (PI) and duration of lactation (DL) were evaluated in 107 Jafarabadi, 98 Mediterranean, 1027 Murrah and 624 crossbred buffalo females (n=1856), based on data from the Buffalo Genetic Improvement Program-PROMEBUL from 1980 to 2003. The statistical model included effects of herd, parturition year and month, calf's sex, parturition order and genetic group, composing 11, 34, 12, 2, 12 and 4 classes, respectively. A significant effect over PI was observed (P<0.01) in all classes, excepting sex. Mean parturition intervals per genetic group presented significant differences through SNK test (P<0.05), with mean values of 451.29; 429.47; 406.97 and 389.78 days in Mediterranean, crossbred, Murrah and Jafarabadi, respectively. Mean DL values were 276.68; 270.33; 258.03 and 235.59 days for Mediterranean, Murrah, crossbred and Jafarabadi groups, respectively. No significant differences in DL were observed in relation to genetic groups. However, herd and parturition order, year and month significantly influenced DL (P<0.01). The herd was the main source of variation over DL, followed by parturition year and month. A regression based on parturition month in relation to PI and DL showed that females giving birth in the last months of the year presented higher PI and DL.

Flavonoid increase in soybean as a response to Nezara viridula injury and its effect on insect-feeding preference

The ability of the stink bug (Nezara viridula) to induce and/or increase production of chemical defenses, i.e., flavonoids, in immature seeds of five genotypes of soybean (BR-16, IAC-100, PI 227687, PI 229358, and PI 274454) was investigated under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. Samples from pods of each genotype damaged by stink bug were analyzed for flavonoid content with high performance liquid chromatography. A dual-choice test was conducted to evaluate the feeding preference of N. viridula comparing BR-16 pods treated with extracts of PI 227687 seeds (with and without stink-bug injury), with water-treated pods. Seeds of PI 227687 damaged by N. viridula presented the highest concentration (352 mug/g) of daidzin (4'-hydroxyisoflavone-7-glucoside). The same trend was observed with genistin (4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone-7-glucoside): PI 227687 contained 142.4 mug/g, PI 274454, 31.6 mug/g, and PI 229358, 38.9 mug/g. Seeds damaged by stink bugs had higher isoflavone contents (daidzin and genistin), compared to controls. However, after being damaged, PI 274454 and PI 229358 produced less genistin than the other genotypes and no differences in concentration between damaged and nondamaged plants of this genotypes were observed. The numbers of observations of the insect feeding and the numbers of stylet sheaths left in water-treated BR-16 pods were greater than in those treated with PI 227687 extracts. The insects fed for longer periods on BR-16 pods treated with extract of PI 227687 without injury compared to those that were treated with extract of PI 227687 previously injured by stink bugs. Extracts of PI 227687 pods ( damaged or not) were deterrent to adults of N. viridula, and insect injury increased concentrations of daidzin and genistin in PI 227687 seeds. The deterrence seemed to be more pronounced after pods had suffered stink-bug injury.

Desenvolvimento de "Nezara viridula" (L., 1758) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) em genótipos de soja

The soybean (Glycine max (L.)) has been significantly compromised by the attack of insect pests. The stink bug Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is pointed as one of the most damaging species, reducing the quantity and quality of grain produced and requiring a large number of applications of insecticides in crops. Al-though chemical control is still the most widely used method of control, the use of resistant genotypes may represent a viable alternative in the management of this insect, reducing costs and impacts on the environment. This study evaluated the performance of nymphs of N. viridula in nine soybean genotypes under laboratory conditions (T = 25 + 2[degree]C, RH = 70 [plus or minus]10% and photoperiod = 12 h), aiming to detect possible resistance mechanisms. Thus, 25 nymphs/genotype were monitored daily by assessing the duration and mortality of the nymphal stage, the weight of nymphs and adults and the developmental period from egg to adult. The data revealed that the genotypes 'TMG-103', 'TMG-121, IAC-19', 'TMG-117', and 'IAC-24' caused 100% mortality of nymphs, indicating high levels of antibiosis and/or feeding non-preference expression. 'IAC-17' also prolonged the nymphal period, indicating the occurrence of resistance. The insects from 'PI-227687' showed the lowest average weight, also indicating the occurrence of antibiosis and/or feeding non-preference. Our results may be useful for soybean breeding programs focusing on development of genotypes resistant to insects.

Caracterização genética do vírus da diarreia bovina detectada em bovinos do Sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil, persistentemente infectados

Isolates of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) detected in serum samples of two persistently infected animals (PI) identified in a herd located in the southern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, underwent genetic characterization trough partial nucleotide sequencing and analysis of the 5' Untranslated Region (5'UTR) of the viral genome. The isolates were characterized as belonging to genotype BVDV-1, subgenotype BVDV-1b. The results of this study suggest BVDV-1b as an agent of importance in the occurrence of bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) in the herds of the region. Moreover, the genotypic characterization of isolates of BVDV helps to better understand the epidemiology of the disease, as the genetic variability of BVDV interferes in the serological tests and has implications for the use of vaccines, whose majority is produced only with reference strains of BVDV. Therefore, the investigation on the genetic diversity of BVDV existing in Brazil is required for the improvement of the disease prevention and control measures.

Construções de causa, razão, explicação e motivação na lusofonia: uma abordagem discursivo-funcional

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O processo de intelecção em Pedro Abelardo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos do solo em Araguari-MG

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito de genótipos de soja e de flavonóides na biologia e no intestino médio de Anticarsia gemmatalis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A natureza comportamental da mente: behaviorismo radical e filosofia da mente

Pós-graduação em Filosofia - FFC

A poética da água: a busca de permanência e o fenômeno do adensamento em Camilo Pessanha

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

Os teoremas de índice de Poincaré

Pós-graduação em Matemática Universitária - IGCE

Levantamento de nematoides fitoparasitas em áreas de produção de plantas ornamentais e reação de crisântemos aos nematoides das galhas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo Power Doppler das lesões mamárias

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

A perífrase verbal IR+infinitivo e o futuro do dialeto riopretano: um esudo na interface sociolinguística/gramaticalização. -

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O que pode uma escola?: cartografias de uma escola do interior brasileiro

Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE