O desempenho da compartimentação horizontal seletiva na promoção da segurança contra incêndio em edificações

The thesis presents the results of research that addresses the performance of selective horizontal partitioning to promote Fire Safety in Buildings - FSB. Horizontal partitioning is a passive protection measure, settable in the early stages of the design process and controlled by the architect. However, there is a frequent reconfiguration of the rooms in academic buildings to adjust them for the space demand. Thus, large classrooms could turn into two or more smaller rooms, for example. Regardless when the subdivision occurs in the design phase or during the occupation of the building, the regulations just ensures the compartimentation of the room if all fireguard devices are present in the room. Knowing the fire's first minutes are the most important for life protection, we defend the hypothesis that a kind of partitioning ignored by regulatory standards is able to favoring the building vacancy and occupants rescue, for promote the room’s smoke exhaust. The performance of the selective horizontal partitioning due different blend of openings for smoke outlet was simulated on CFD software. The results indicate that selective horizontal partitioning is able to promote an upper smoke free layer and delay the indoor temperature growth.

O desempenho da compartimentação horizontal seletiva na promoção da segurança contra incêndio em edificações

The thesis presents the results of research that addresses the performance of selective horizontal partitioning to promote Fire Safety in Buildings - FSB. Horizontal partitioning is a passive protection measure, settable in the early stages of the design process and controlled by the architect. However, there is a frequent reconfiguration of the rooms in academic buildings to adjust them for the space demand. Thus, large classrooms could turn into two or more smaller rooms, for example. Regardless when the subdivision occurs in the design phase or during the occupation of the building, the regulations just ensures the compartimentation of the room if all fireguard devices are present in the room. Knowing the fire's first minutes are the most important for life protection, we defend the hypothesis that a kind of partitioning ignored by regulatory standards is able to favoring the building vacancy and occupants rescue, for promote the room’s smoke exhaust. The performance of the selective horizontal partitioning due different blend of openings for smoke outlet was simulated on CFD software. The results indicate that selective horizontal partitioning is able to promote an upper smoke free layer and delay the indoor temperature growth.

Coseismic horizontal slip revealed by sheared clastic dikes in the Dead Sea Basin

Peer reviewed

Impulsão horizontal de futebolistas da segunda divisão do campeonato gaúcho

No futebol a impulsao tem impacto no cabeceio, nos movimentos de antecipaçoes, nos diferentes saltos e de forma geral, na velocidade das açoes de jogo. No entanto, ao contrário de outros esportes como Basquete, Vôlei, Handebol, o seu treinamento específico é pouco visado no futebol. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar, em atletas profissionais de futebol de campo, o perfil da impulsao horizontal e o desenvolvimento dessa durante uma temporada de treinamento e jogos pela segunda divisao do campeonato gaúcho. Foram avaliados 18 atletas de futebol (com média de idade 25±5,44 anos, altura 177,5±6,48 cm e massa corporal 79,4±9,67 kg). Os atletas se submeteram a testes de impulsao horizontal no início (pré) e após três meses de treinamentos (pós). Mediu-se os saltos com ambas às pernas, cinco saltos consecutivos com membro direito (MID) e esquerdo (MIE) e cinco saltos alternados. O perfil de impulsao obtido no pré-teste foi respectivamente 2,22±0,14m, 11,46±0,56 m, 11,69±0,73m e 12,04±0,78m. Os resultados do pós-teste nao se alteraram em comparaçao ao primeiro teste, sendo respectivamente 2,22±0,15m, 11,26±1,12m, 11,46±0,95m e 12,02±0,76m. Conclui-se que o treinamento nao foi capaz de proporcionar desenvolvimento desta capacidade, pois predominantemente as rotinas de treinamento de futebol nao enfocam este desenvolvimento

Impulsão horizontal de futebolistas da segunda divisão do campeonato gaúcho

No futebol a impulsao tem impacto no cabeceio, nos movimentos de antecipaçoes, nos diferentes saltos e de forma geral, na velocidade das açoes de jogo. No entanto, ao contrário de outros esportes como Basquete, Vôlei, Handebol, o seu treinamento específico é pouco visado no futebol. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar, em atletas profissionais de futebol de campo, o perfil da impulsao horizontal e o desenvolvimento dessa durante uma temporada de treinamento e jogos pela segunda divisao do campeonato gaúcho. Foram avaliados 18 atletas de futebol (com média de idade 25±5,44 anos, altura 177,5±6,48 cm e massa corporal 79,4±9,67 kg). Os atletas se submeteram a testes de impulsao horizontal no início (pré) e após três meses de treinamentos (pós). Mediu-se os saltos com ambas às pernas, cinco saltos consecutivos com membro direito (MID) e esquerdo (MIE) e cinco saltos alternados. O perfil de impulsao obtido no pré-teste foi respectivamente 2,22±0,14m, 11,46±0,56 m, 11,69±0,73m e 12,04±0,78m. Os resultados do pós-teste nao se alteraram em comparaçao ao primeiro teste, sendo respectivamente 2,22±0,15m, 11,26±1,12m, 11,46±0,95m e 12,02±0,76m. Conclui-se que o treinamento nao foi capaz de proporcionar desenvolvimento desta capacidade, pois predominantemente as rotinas de treinamento de futebol nao enfocam este desenvolvimento

Continuous VM-ADCP (vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler) profiles of horizontal velocities and raw acoustic gain control data during Polarstern cruise ANT-XVIII/2

The mixing regime of the upper 180 m of a mesoscale eddy in the vicinity of the Antarctic Polar Front at 47° S and 21° E was investigated during the R.V. Polarstern cruise ANT-XVIII/2 within the scope of the iron fertilization experiment EisenEx. On the basis of hydrographic CTD and ADCP profiles we deduced the vertical diffusivity Kz from two different parameterizations. Since these parameterizations bear the character of empirical functions, based on theoretical and idealized assumptions, they were inter alia compared with Cox-number and Thorpe-scale related diffusivities deduced from microstructure measurements, which supplied the first direct insights into turbulence of this ocean region. Values of Kz in the range of 10**-4 - 10**-3 m**2/s appear as a rather robust estimate of vertical diffusivity within the seasonal pycnocline. Values in the mixed layer above are more variable in time and reach 10**-1 m**2/s during periods of strong winds. The results confirm a close agreement between the microstructure-based eddy diffusivities and eddy diffusivities calculated after the parameterization of Pacanowski and Philander [1981, Journal of Physical Oceanography 11, 1443-1451, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<1443:POVMIN>2.0.CO;2].

Impulsão horizontal de futebolistas da segunda divisão do campeonato gaúcho

No futebol a impulsao tem impacto no cabeceio, nos movimentos de antecipaçoes, nos diferentes saltos e de forma geral, na velocidade das açoes de jogo. No entanto, ao contrário de outros esportes como Basquete, Vôlei, Handebol, o seu treinamento específico é pouco visado no futebol. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar, em atletas profissionais de futebol de campo, o perfil da impulsao horizontal e o desenvolvimento dessa durante uma temporada de treinamento e jogos pela segunda divisao do campeonato gaúcho. Foram avaliados 18 atletas de futebol (com média de idade 25±5,44 anos, altura 177,5±6,48 cm e massa corporal 79,4±9,67 kg). Os atletas se submeteram a testes de impulsao horizontal no início (pré) e após três meses de treinamentos (pós). Mediu-se os saltos com ambas às pernas, cinco saltos consecutivos com membro direito (MID) e esquerdo (MIE) e cinco saltos alternados. O perfil de impulsao obtido no pré-teste foi respectivamente 2,22±0,14m, 11,46±0,56 m, 11,69±0,73m e 12,04±0,78m. Os resultados do pós-teste nao se alteraram em comparaçao ao primeiro teste, sendo respectivamente 2,22±0,15m, 11,26±1,12m, 11,46±0,95m e 12,02±0,76m. Conclui-se que o treinamento nao foi capaz de proporcionar desenvolvimento desta capacidade, pois predominantemente as rotinas de treinamento de futebol nao enfocam este desenvolvimento

Learning from one another: evaluating the impact of horizontal knowledge exchange for environmental management and governance

There is increasing advocacy for inclusive community-based approaches to environmental management, and growing evidence that involving communities improves the sustainability of social-ecological systems. Most community-based approaches rely on partnerships and knowledge exchange between communities, civil society organizations, and professionals such as practitioners and/or scientists. However, few models have actively integrated more horizontal knowledge exchange from community to community. We reflect on the transferability of community owned solutions between indigenous communities by exploring challenges and achievements of community peer-to-peer knowledge exchange as a way of empowering communities to face up to local environmental and social challenges. Using participatory visual methods, indigenous communities of the North Rupununi (Guyana) identified and documented their community owned solutions through films and photostories. Indigenous researchers from this community then shared their solutions with six other communities that faced similar challenges within Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, French Guiana, and Brazil. They were supported by in-country civil society organizations and academics. We analyzed the impact of the knowledge exchange through interviews, field reports, and observations. Our results show that indigenous community members were significantly more receptive to solutions emerging from, and communicated by, other indigenous peoples, and that this approach was a significant motivating force for galvanizing communities to make changes in their community. We identified a range of enabling factors, such as building capacity for a shared conceptual and technical understanding, that strengthens the exchange between communities and contributes to a lasting impact. With national and international policy-makers mobilizing significant financial resources for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation, we argue that the promotion of community owned solutions through community peer-to-peer exchange may deliver more long-lasting, socially and ecologically integrated, and investment-effective strategies compared to top-down, expert led, and/or foreign-led initiatives.

Analyse numérique du changement de phase solide-liquide autour d'un tube horizontal soumis à une sollicitation thermique périodique

Ce mémoire présente un modèle mathématique et numérique pour analyser le comportement d’une unité de stockage thermique à changement de phase solide-liquide représentée par un tube autour duquel se trouve le matériau à changement de phase. Le système est soumis à une charge oscillant entre le chauffage et le refroidissement. Une analyse d’ordre de grandeur permet de prédire le comportement du système en fonction des principaux nombres adimensionnels. Un paramètre adimensionnel est proposé pour délimiter les concepts dans lesquels la conduction domine par rapport à ceux où la convection naturelle domine. L’étude dévoile l’impact des paramètres de conception de l’unité de stockage thermique sur son fonctionnement et approfondit les connaissances dans le domaine du changement de phase avec convection naturelle. Différents indicateurs ont été développés pour analyser la performance du système, tels que les dimensions de la zone affectée thermiquement, le volume fondu ou solidifié et une analyse fréquentielle. Des corrélations sont proposées pour déterminer facilement le comportement du système.

Regeneração óssea guiada horizontal prévia à colocação de implante

A técnica de Regeneração Óssea Guiada (ROG) é um procedimento que tem por objetivo a reposição do volume ósseo da crista alveolar necessário para garantir o sucesso da reabilitação oral recorrendo a implantes, repondo tanto a componente estética como funcional. Este trabalho foca apenas a ROG horizontal prévia à colocação de implantes e analisa o sucesso e a previsibilidade clínica deste procedimento de aumento ósseo, o sucesso e a sobrevivência de implantes colocados em osso regenerado bem como alguns tipos de enxertos ósseos e membranas. Metodologicamente consiste numa revisão de literatura, baseando-se numa pesquisa de artigos em bases de dados on-line e recorrendo também à consulta de livros em formato digital. As palavras-chave utilizadas na pesquisa on-line foram: “bone healing” AND “tooth extraction”, “bone resoption” AND “tooth extraction”, “bone regeneration” AND “dental implants”, “horizontal guided bone regeneration”, “horizontal guided bone regeneration” AND “dental implants”, “horizontal bone augmentation” “horizontal bone augmentation” AND “dental implants”, “lateral bone augmentation” AND “dental implants”, “horizontal ridge augmentation” AND “dental implants”. A regeneração óssea guiada manifesta comprovado sucesso e previsibilidade no aumento ósseo e os implantes colocados em osso regenerado demonstram sucesso a longo-prazo.

Regulación de potencia de un aerogenerador de eje horizontal a partir de un sistema de control de velocidad de rotación

Tesis (Ingeniero(a) Eléctrico).--Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ingeniería. Programa de Ingeniería Eléctrica, 2014

Oil Retention and Pressure Drop in Horizontal and Vertical Suction Lines with R410A / POE ISO 32

In refrigeration systems a small amount of compressor lubricant is entrained in the refrigerant and circulated through the system, where some is retained in each component. The suction line to the compressor has the largest potential for oil retention. This paper presents results from an experimental apparatus that has been constructed to circulate POE (polyolester) oil and R410A at a controlled mass flux, OCR (oil in circulation ratio), and apparent superheat, and to directly measure the pressure drop and mass of oil retained in horizontal and vertical suction lines. The bulk vapor velocity and overall void fraction are determined from direct mass and temperature measurements. The oil retention, pressure drop, and flow regimes near the minimum ASHRAE recommended mass flux condition are explored. It was found that oil retention begins to increase sharply even above the minimum recommended flux, so conditions near the minimum should be avoided. Two relationships were developed to predict the oil retention in the vertical and horizontal suction lines. The average error from the predictions method was 10.9% for the vertical tube, and 7.9% for the horizontal tube.

Probabilistic design optimization of horizontal axis wind turbine rotors

Considerable interest in renewable energy has increased in recent years due to the concerns raised over the environmental impact of conventional energy sources and their price volatility. In particular, wind power has enjoyed a dramatic global growth in installed capacity over the past few decades. Nowadays, the advancement of wind turbine industry represents a challenge for several engineering areas, including materials science, computer science, aerodynamics, analytical design and analysis methods, testing and monitoring, and power electronics. In particular, the technological improvement of wind turbines is currently tied to the use of advanced design methodologies, allowing the designers to develop new and more efficient design concepts. Integrating mathematical optimization techniques into the multidisciplinary design of wind turbines constitutes a promising way to enhance the profitability of these devices. In the literature, wind turbine design optimization is typically performed deterministically. Deterministic optimizations do not consider any degree of randomness affecting the inputs of the system under consideration, and result, therefore, in an unique set of outputs. However, given the stochastic nature of the wind and the uncertainties associated, for instance, with wind turbine operating conditions or geometric tolerances, deterministically optimized designs may be inefficient. Therefore, one of the ways to further improve the design of modern wind turbines is to take into account the aforementioned sources of uncertainty in the optimization process, achieving robust configurations with minimal performance sensitivity to factors causing variability. The research work presented in this thesis deals with the development of a novel integrated multidisciplinary design framework for the robust aeroservoelastic design optimization of multi-megawatt horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) rotors, accounting for the stochastic variability related to the input variables. The design system is based on a multidisciplinary analysis module integrating several simulations tools needed to characterize the aeroservoelastic behavior of wind turbines, and determine their economical performance by means of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The reported design framework is portable and modular in that any of its analysis modules can be replaced with counterparts of user-selected fidelity. The presented technology is applied to the design of a 5-MW HAWT rotor to be used at sites of wind power density class from 3 to 7, where the mean wind speed at 50 m above the ground ranges from 6.4 to 11.9 m/s. Assuming the mean wind speed to vary stochastically in such range, the rotor design is optimized by minimizing the mean and standard deviation of the LCOE. Airfoil shapes, spanwise distributions of blade chord and twist, internal structural layup and rotor speed are optimized concurrently, subject to an extensive set of structural and aeroelastic constraints. The effectiveness of the multidisciplinary and robust design framework is demonstrated by showing that the probabilistically designed turbine achieves more favorable probabilistic performance than those of the initial baseline turbine and a turbine designed deterministically.