Religião e cultura local: estudo de dois grupos espíritas potiguares

The subject of this research is the spiritual religious field, connected with the local cultural perspectives. Its basis is the analysis of two spiritual groups settled in Natal/RN: The Spiritual Group Evangelho no Lar and the Spiritual Center Garimpeiros da Luz . These two groups represent a point of convergence of several sectors of this religion, either through its insertion in the local sphere or in contact to nationally influent leaders, like the mediums Francisco Cândido Xavier and Divaldo Pereira Franco. Then, it aims to reach the potiguar singularities in their spiritualism approaches, looking for an analyses to possible connections between local values and themes from the spiritualism largely developed in Brazil. So, its objective is to act in the scope of influence, references, representations and adaptive practices in a local context, and they signalize special practices . The approaches until now developed refer only to the living of a Brazilian spiritualism, perfectly developed in contact with the catholic substrate, but there s still a gap about the local observation, with its peculiarities, which its research aims to disclosure. The option for a qualitative approach, in perfect relationship with the nature of the questions which were made was considered as an appropriate way to guide the study. To reach this, it will be made an ethnography of the studied groups, not only in the use of open interviews with its members but also in the contact and observation of its religious behavior, for example: meeting for studies of the doctrine, mediunic meetings, public lectures, helping the public in general. As results of this research we can point to the delimitation of local cultural references, which are undeniable, in relation to the identification of RN personalities who are considered coordinators or active spirits in the work performed by the groups. Thus, Auta de Souza, poetess and woman of great religiosity, Augusto Severo de Albuquerque Maranhão, martyr of the aeronautics, Father João Maria, object of popular devotion and Abdias Antônio de Oliveira, ex president of the Spiritual Federation of RN, present themselves as spiritual beings who lead the adaptability to the local context. In such a context, we have to point out the work of mediums, who, having a specific charisma, interacted with the groups in the establishment of these cultural bridges already made in their own contexts (national level), through the work equally possible to be locally reproduced. This and other facts, point out to perspectives of cultural circularity , including referring to a greater linking to sub layers in a true zone that converges and has circulation between an erudite spiritualism with another one, turned to the incorporation of local and popular elements

Digestibilidade Aparente da Proteína Bruta e dos Componentes da Parede Celular de uma Ração Completa, com Bovinos de Diferentes Grupos Genéticos

Avaliaram-se os coeficientes de digestibilidade do extrato etéreo (EE), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), hemicelulose (HCEL) e celulose (CEL) de uma ração completa, composta por 44,3% de feno de braquiária, 55% de concentrado e 0,7% de mistura mineral, fornecida a bovinos de diferentes grupos genéticos (Gir, Nelore, Guzerá, Santa Gertrudis e Caracu), pelas metodologias de coleta total de fezes e com indicador interno (lignina em detergente ácido - LDA), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições por grupo genético, com análise de variância individual dentro de cada metodologia e uma análise de correlação entre as metodologias. Não houve diferença entre grupos genéticos para a digestibilidade de EE, PB, FDN, FDA, HCEL e CEL, pelas metodologias de coleta total de fezes e com LDA, com médias de 44,28 e 40,38%; 52,46 e 49,51%; 57,04 e 54,25%; 37,71 e 34,04%; 71,66 e 69,68%; e 48,27 e 45,20%, respectivamente. As digestibilidades da PB, FDA e CEL não mostraram correlação. A LDA foi eficiente na estimativa da digestibilidades e os nutrientes foram utilizados de forma semelhante pelos diferentes grupos genéticos.

Digestibilidade dos nutrientes de uma ração completa, em bovinos de diferentes grupos genéticos

Avaliou-se a digestibilidade dos nutrientes de uma ração completa fornecida a bovinos de diferentes grupos genéticos. A digestibilidade foi estimada pela Lignina em Detergente Ácido, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com repetição no tempo. Foram efetuadas análises químicas da ração e das fezes, a cada 28 dias. de cada grupo genético foram colhidas fezes de 16 animais, no mínimo, a cada 28 dias. Observaram-se diferenças no aproveitamento dos nutrientes, destacando-se o Guzerá em todas as variáveis, com exceção da proteína bruta e da fibra em detergente ácido. Por outro lado, o Caracu mostrou-se menos eficiente na digestibilidade dos nutrientes, com exceção da proteína bruta e da fibra em detergente ácido.

Digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, matéria orgânica e energia bruta e nutrientes digestíveis totais de uma ração completa para bovinos de diferentes grupos genéticos

Avaliou-se a digestibilidade da matéria seca (DMS), matéria orgânica (DMO) e energia bruta (DEB) e os nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) de uma ração completa, composta por 44,3% de feno de capim-braquiaria, 55% de concentrado e 0,7% de mistura mineral, fornecida a bovinos de diferentes grupos genéticos (Gir, Nelore, Guzerá, Santa Gertrudis e Caracu), pelas metodologias de coleta total de fezes e com indicador interno (lignina em detergente ácido -- LDA), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições por grupo genético, com análise de variância individual dentro de cada metodologia e uma análise de correlação entre as metodologias. As correlações foram médias ( 0,47 a 0,51) e significativas (P<0,0602; P<0,0697; P<0,0747; P<0,0522), respectivamente, para DMS, DMO, DEB e para NDT. A recuperação do indicador (95,06%) foi semelhante entre os grupos genéticos. Não houve diferença entre grupos genéticos para DMS, DMO, DEB e nos valores de NDT pelas metodologias de coleita total de fezes e com LDA, com médias de 53,31 e 50,33; 55,16 e 52,25; 52,22 e 49,20; e 53,39 e 50,61%, respectivamente. Assim, a LDA foi eficiente na estimativa da digestibilidade, em função de sua adequada recuperação. Os nutrientes foram utilizados de forma semelhante pelos grupos genéticos.

Técnicas de análise multivariada na determinação de grupos homogêneos de produtores de leite

Nesta pesquisa objetivou-se captar a variedade de situações tecnológicas para identificar grupos de produtores, o mais semelhante possível, no conjunto de variáveis e características selecionadas. Foram considerados 72 produtores, 8,33% da amostra total, selecionados conforme 29 variáveis relacionadas a fatores produtivos. Avaliaram-se as variáveis de melhor representatividade dentro de cada fator e suas comunalidades dentro do conjunto de fatores analisados. Para a avaliação desses resultados, foram utilizados métodos de análise fatorial em componentes principais. Posteriormente, aplicou-se o método de análise de agrupamentos. O pluralismo tecnológico requer análises de agrupamento para viabilizar intervenções técnicas diferenciadas, o que permite a consolidação de condições de sustentabilidade a partir das reais necessidades de incorporação tecnológica dos produtores.

Desenvolvimento e políticas públicas: uma avaliação do PRONAF nos assentamentos de reforma agrária do Rio Grande do Norte

The research DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY: AN EVALUATION OF PRONAF IN THE SETTLEMENTS AGRARIAN REFORM OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the National Program for Strengthening Family enhancerelement od development in rural settlements od Rio Grande do Norte. The methodological approach consisted of the completion of desk research and literature on development issues, policies, and rural credit and field research through semi- structured interviews with managers and technicians who work with the program and conducting focus with farmers settles who accessed the PRONAF the period from 2000 to 2006. The survey results confirm the central hypothesis of this work, that acces to PRONAF A is not causing efetivations relevant in the lives of farm workers settlers in Rio Grande do Norte. In the setllements where efetivations these occur, they are short of what the program intends to carry out and rely on a set of conditionalities that are beyond the operational frameworks of the same. Such questions point to the need to revise the program in order to estabilish adjustments that in practice the approach of the proposed objectives. For this purpose it is necessary to invest in factor that contribute to the program has a positive effect not only to increase income, but to contribute to the autonomy of the resettled farmers, expanding its capabilities and increased the power of choise with respect to life who wish to take

A perda de grupos funcionais em comunidades virtuais: efeito das interações entre espécies e grupos funcionais

High levels of local, regional, and global extinctions has progressively simplified communities in terms of both species and ecosystem functioning. Theoretical models demonstrated that the degree of functional redundancy determines the rates of functional group loss in response to species extinctions. Here, we improve the theoretical predictions by incorporating in the model interactions between species and between functional groups. In this study, we tested the effect of different scenarios of interspecific interactions and effects between functional groups on the resistance to loss of community functional groups. Virtual communities have been built with different distribution patterns of species in functional groups, both with high and low evenness. A matrix A was created to represent the net effect of interspecific interactions among all species, representing nesting patterns, modularity, sensitive species, and dominant species. Moreover, a second matrix B was created to represent the interactions between functional groups, also exhibiting different patterns. The extinction probability of each species was calculated based on community species richness and by the intensity of the interspecific interactions that act upon it and group to which it belongs. In the model, successive extinctions decrease the community species richness, the degree of functional redundancy and, consequently, the number of functional groups that remain in the system. For each scenario of functional redundancy, A, and B, we ran 1000 simulations to generate an average functional extinction curve. Different model assumptions were able to generate remarkable variation on functional extinction curves. More extreme variations occurred when the matrix A and B caused a higher heterogeneity in the species extinction probability. Scenarios with sensitive species, positive or negative, showed a greater variation than the scenarios with dominant species. Nested interactions showed greater variation than scenarios where the interactions were in modules. Communities with maximal functional evenness can only be destabilized by the interactions between species and functional groups. In contrast, communities with low functional evenness can have its resistance either increased or decreased by the interactions. The concentration of positive interactions in low redundancy groups or negative interactions in high redundancy groups was able to decrease the functional extinction rates. In contrast, the concentration of negative interactions in low redundancy groups or positive interactions in high redundancy groups was able to increase the functional extinction rates. This model shows results that are relevant for species priorization in ecosystem conservation and restoration

Narrativa autobiográfica como prática de formação e de atualização de si : os grupos referência e o grupo reflexivo na mediação da constituição identitária docente

The thesis: "autobiographical narrative as practical continuous training and updating of itself: the groups-reference and the reflexive group in the mediation of identity construction of teaching" begins in the founder matter: "What are the implications of groups-reference in the process of identity formation and the teaching role of teachers which is participating of the research? This object of study deals with the continuing education of teachers of Basic Education and the role of the reflective group as space-time of (re) construction of educational knowledge, for the recognition of yourself. The thesis defends that the autobiographical narrative, as a pedagogical tool and research, for the initial and continuous training, is presented as theoretical and methodological foundation necessary for identity formation of the teacher. The research is limited to the qualitative approach with a focus on the autobiographical narrative. The participants are six teachers, three teachers and three students-teachers. The corpus comprises six autobiographical narratives, six reports of successful experiences, two studies on the biographical work, and six individual testimonials about the impact in personal and professional life. The data analysis was to reference Dausien and Alheit (2006), Bruner (1997), Contreras (2002), Delory-Momberger (2007), Freire (2005), Giddens (2002), Josso (2004), new (1988, 2002), Passeggi (2001, 2002), Pineau (2004), Ricoeur (2004), Souza (2006), Tardif (2002) and Vygotsky (2005). The research revealed that the formation of identity as a teachers of the educators occurred in the reference group, involving the formal, non-formal and informal of the processes of knowledge , in a movement of alternation training that includes yourself, the other and the ambient. Also revealed that the pedagogical choices of the teachers studied aimed at minimizing educational gaps that were lived in both field personal and social; that the personal identity is configured as an identity narrative and the methodology of the biographical work, through the mimesis of continuing education, provided the passage from the group reflective to the group of reference

Mecanismos sócio-genéticos da representação social de trabalho docente por grupos de licenciandos de física e de química da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

This research aims to understand the social representations Teaching Work in groups of undergraduate students of Physics and Chemistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. For this, the proposal was based on the three theoretical and methodological consensus Carvalho (2012) in the explanation of socio-genetic mechanisms constituents of dynamic consensus that has functionality to your organization. It Was used to achieve this goal, the theoretical-epistemological Serge Moscovici (1978, 2003), Jodelet (2011), Wagner (1998,( 2011) and Carvalho (2012). The corpus analyzed results from a qualitative and quantitative research, developed in three stages. The first two (2) questionnaires to fifty (50) of each undergraduate course, a questionnaire and another profile for collection of free associations concerning motes inductors "Give Lesson," "Student" and "Teacher". The second step in the procedure Multiple Classifications, Roazzi (1995), aimed for another thirty (30) undergraduate students for each course, as well as Document Analysis of Educational Projects Curriculum courses in Physics and Chemistry. The data analysis of the first stage focused on descriptive statistics and frequency and average order of the words associated with motes inductors. The results from the Multiple Classification Procedure submitted to multidimensional analysis (MSA multidimensional scalogram analysis) and SSA (Similarity Structure Analysis), were interpreted by the theoretical and methodological proposal of the three consensus, supported by analysis of the rhetorical nature of justifications classifications and categorizations of words, boosted in times of application of Procedure Multiple Classification. The data revealed that the groups surveyed were the same Social Representation with specific dynamic consensual. Thinking Teaching Work for these groups it is considered in three dimensions: the BE-DO-HAVE of teaching. In the group of Physics consensus was clear semantic, which expressed a dynamic in which the interpretations of "Teaching Work" peacefully coexist on perceptions of two concepts: An identity around the "BE" "Teacher" or "BE" "Educator" and the other, how they think about professional development. The type of group consensus Chemistry pointed to a consensual logic hierarchical order in which the gradual between the elements of BE-DO-HAVE attested conflicts and disagreements about the perceptual object "Teaching Work", around what value most, whether they are the attributes of personal or professional-technical dimension of teaching, in the course of professional development. The thesis to explain the mechanisms of socio-genetic Representation Social Teaching Work by theoretical and methodological proposal was confirmed

Tuberculose: conhecimentos, representações sociais e experiências da doença na visão do portador

Tuberculosis is considered one of the most ancient human diseases, cases were registered 3900 years before Christ, and it is currently regarded as a serious public health problem in the world due to several factors such as income mismanagement, precarious standard of life and some sort of prejudice comprised by the word tuberculosis. Taking this into consideration, it was developed a descriptive and exploratory study aiming at analyzing the social representations of tuberculosis made by its patient from the Unidades de Saúde da Família (Family Health Units a public health program) in Campina Grande City PB, in relation to the decentralization of the policies that administrate the disease. It was interviewed 34 tuberculosis patient that were being treated from 2007 to 2008. The age group of the interviewees varied from 10 to 60 years old, but most of them were between 36 and 60 years old (58,8%, n=20), some were young adult and adult (21 35 years old), with 11 (32,3%) respondents, and, less frequent, children and teenagers (11 20 years old), with 03 (8,8%) participants. Data was collected through semi-structured interview. The questions that guided the research were elaborated based on the operational recommendations of DOTS strategy; that is: access to laboratory examinations; medication guarantee; directly observed treatment. Besides that, the experiences of the patient were considered in their relation with the family and the different social groups. The analysis of the discursive material was submitted to the Analyse Lexicale par Context d un Ensemble de Segments de Texte software - ALCESTE 4.7. Data interpretation showed five categories for the social representations of the tuberculosis patient that participated in DOTS strategy: 1) the accessibility of the health assistance service; 2) the patient perspective of the disease; 3) the change in the operation of the productive life; 4) the signals and symptoms of the tuberculosis disease; 5) the rearrangement and mechanisms used to face the disease. The Central Nucleus reveals that tuberculosis is a transmissible disease that can be prevented by people through educational practices, health promotion, active search for symptomatic respiratory and control of the carriers communication; these mechanisms should be incorporated to the routine of all participants of the family health groups. The Intermediate Elements, based on quotidian life, as well as the individual experiences of the tuberculosis patient, reveals prejudiced attitude and beliefs that lead to isolation and restriction of interpersonal relationship. Peripheral Elements were constituted by themes that showed the patient feelings of indignation because of the social barriers they had to face in the Family Health Units during the treatment. These elements demonstrate a negative perspective of the representation concerning the accessibility, i.e. inadequate structure of the health service; long distance to the Health Centre, this factormakes it difficult for the patient to continue the treatment; scheduling delay; and limited service regarding other requests (doctor, dentist etc). One expects to contribute for the construction of a new perspective of the health question between the different agents who make the assistencial institutions and formation of professionals, either in central or local scope

Caracterização de quatro grupos de jabuticabeira, nas condições de Jaboticabal-SP

O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar as características morfológicas e físicas da planta e do fruto de jabuticabeiras, pertencentes à coleção da FCAV-UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP. A coleção conta com 160 plantas, das quais 40, que apresentavam frutificação no momento da seleção, foram agrupadas, preliminarmente, segundo características semelhantes, em quatro grupos denominados JAB 01, JAB 02, JAB 03 e JAB 04. Mediram-se nestes grupos a altura da planta, diâmetro do tronco a 20 cm do solo, diâmetro de copa, comprimento do entrenó e largura da folha. Os frutos, foram avaliados quanto a comprimento, largura, massa fresca da casca, da semente, da polpa e total, bem como o número de sementes por fruto. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualisado, com 4 tratamentos, quatro grupos de plantas e 5 repetições, com 2 plantas por repetição. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste (F) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Observou-se grande variabilidade nos grupos estudados. O JAB-04 revelou-se como o mais promissor para utilização em programas de melhoramento, pela precocidade de produção, baixo porte e maior rendimento em polpa, apesar de os frutos apresentarem menor tamanho em relação aos dos demais grupos.

Efeitos da Heterogeneidade de Variância Residual entre Grupos de Contemporâneos na Avaliação Genética de Bovinos de Corte

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar, por meio de dados simulados, o efeito da heterogeneidade de variância residual entre grupos de contemporâneos (GC) sobre as avaliações genéticas de bovinos de corte, e comparar o uso de uma avaliação genética ponderada (R¹Isigmae²) em relação à avaliação que pressupõe homogeneidade de variância (R=Isigmae²). A característica estudada foi ganho de peso pós-desmame corrigido para 345 dias, sendo esta simulada com variância fenotípica de 300 kg² e herdabilidade igual a 0,4. A estrutura de um conjunto real de dados foi utilizada para fornecer os GC e os pais referentes às observações de cada animal. Cinco níveis de heterogeneidade de variância residual foram considerados de forma que os componentes de variância fossem, na média, iguais aos da situação de homogeneidade de variância. Na medida em que níveis mais acentuados de heterogeneidade de variância residual foram considerados, os animais foram selecionados dos GC com maior variabilidade, especialmente com pressão de seleção intensa. em relação à consistência de predição, os produtos e as vacas tiveram seus valores genéticos preditos mais afetados pela heterogeneidade de variância residual do que os touros. O fator de ponderação utilizado reduziu, mas não eliminou o efeito da heterogeneidade de variância. As avaliações genéticas ponderadas apresentaram resultados iguais ou superiores àqueles obtidos pelas avaliações que assumiram homogeneidade de variância. Mesmo quando não necessário, o uso de avaliações ponderadas produziu resultados não inferiores às avaliações que assumiram homogeneidade de variância.

Soja transgênica versus convencional: estimativa dos custos operacionais de produção na região do Médio Paranapanema, Estado de São Paulo

O estudo estimou o custo operacional de produção da soja convencional e transgênica no Médio Paranapanema, Estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizados resultados de três experimentos de avaliação regional com 19 cultivares de soja, sendo 17 convencionais e 2 transgênicas. As estruturas de custo utilizadas foram custo operacional efetivo (COE) e o custo operacional total (COT). O COT, por hectare, da soja transgênica foi 10,7% menor que o da soja convencional. Porém, o custo unitário por saca foi menor para a soja convencional em razão da produtividade. A produtividade média foi de 35,2 e de 31,3 para as cultivares convencionais e transgênicas, respectivamente. A maior diferença porcentual no COT ocorreu nos itens sementes e herbicidas. A variação do custo de produção por saca da soja convencional foi de R$ 27,7 a R$ 39,5 e da soja transgênica R$ 29,5 e R$ 40,1. O alto custo dos insumos comprometeu a viabilidade da atividade nos dois sistemas de produção. Há necessidade de continuar a avaliação das cultivares de soja transgênica para conhecer as mais adaptadas regionalmente e tornar mais seguras as indicações técnicas.

Identificação remota de sistemas operacionais utilizando análise de processos aleatórios e redes neurais artificiais

A new method to perform TCP/IP fingerprinting is proposed. TCP/IP fingerprinting is the process of identify a remote machine through a TCP/IP based computer network. This method has many applications related to network security. Both intrusion and defence procedures may use this process to achieve their objectives. There are many known methods that perform this process in favorable conditions. However, nowadays there are many adversities that reduce the identification performance. This work aims the creation of a new OS fingerprinting tool that bypass these actual problems. The proposed method is based on the use of attractors reconstruction and neural networks to characterize and classify pseudo-random numbers generators

Estudo da demanda energética e desagregação do solo em diferentes sequências operacionais de preparo periódico

The correct selection of the operational sequence of soil tillage is essential to reduce the cost of agricultural mechanization in the regions that mobilize intensively the soil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the energetic demand and disaggregation of the soil in different operational sequences of subsoiling and systems of periodic soil tillage. The experimental design was blocks at random, in a factorial model 5 x 2 with 5 replications, being 5 tillage systems (D - Disc plow, Dn - disc plow followed at leveler rail, G - weight rail, Gn - weight rail followed of leveler rail and E - Stirrer.) and two sequencies of subsoiling (SP - Subsoiling - tillage and PS - Tillage - subsoiling). There were evaluated the energetic demand, fuel consumption by area and the soil disaggregation. The results showed that the operational sequence tillage of the soil subsoiling (PS) had a lower energetic requirement, except for the stirrer, the sequence tillage the soil - subsoiling consumed less fuel and soil disaggregation didn't show statistic variation.