809 resultados para Grasses.


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This data set contains measurements of plant height: vegetative height (heighest leaf) and regenerative height (heighest flower) in 2008 from the Main Experiment plots of a large grassland biodiversity experiment (the Jena Experiment; see further details below). In the Main Experiment, 82 grassland plots of 20 x 20 m were established from a pool of 60 species belonging to four functional groups (grasses, legumes, tall and small herbs). In May 2002, varying numbers of plant species from this species pool were sown into the plots to create a gradient of plant species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species) and functional richness (1, 2, 3, 4 functional groups). Plots were maintained by bi-annual weeding and mowing. In 2008, plant height was recorded twice a year just before biomass harvest (during peak standing biomass in late May and in late August). For target plant individuals at 10 points separated by 1 m each along a transect in the central area in the plots, vegetative height (heighest leaf) and regenerative height (heighest flower) were measured as standing height (without stretching the plant). In 2008, also the plots of the management experiment, that altered mowing frequency and fertilized subplots (see further details below) were sampled by measuring vegatation height five times, every 1m on a 5m transekt along the side of the management plots. Provided are the individual measurements and the mean over the measured plants.

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This data set contains measurements of plant height: vegetative height (heighest leaf) and regenerative height (heighest flower) in 2005 from the Main Experiment plots of a large grassland biodiversity experiment (the Jena Experiment; see further details below). In the Main Experiment, 82 grassland plots of 20 x 20 m were established from a pool of 60 species belonging to four functional groups (grasses, legumes, tall and small herbs). In May 2002, varying numbers of plant species from this species pool were sown into the plots to create a gradient of plant species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species) and functional richness (1, 2, 3, 4 functional groups). Plots were maintained by bi-annual weeding and mowing. In 2005, plant height was recorded twice a year just before biomass harvest (during peak standing biomass in late May and in late August). For target plant individuals at 10 points separated by 1 m each along a transect in the central area in the plots, vegetative height (heighest leaf) and regenerative height (heighest flower) were measured as standing height (without stretching the plant). Provided are the individual measurements and the mean over the measured plants.

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This data set contains measurements of plant height: vegetative height (heighest leaf) and regenerative height (heighest flower) in 2006 from the Main Experiment plots of a large grassland biodiversity experiment (the Jena Experiment; see further details below). In the Main Experiment, 82 grassland plots of 20 x 20 m were established from a pool of 60 species belonging to four functional groups (grasses, legumes, tall and small herbs). In May 2002, varying numbers of plant species from this species pool were sown into the plots to create a gradient of plant species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species) and functional richness (1, 2, 3, 4 functional groups). Plots were maintained by bi-annual weeding and mowing. In 2006, plant height was recorded twice a year just before biomass harvest (during peak standing biomass in late May and in late August). For target plant individuals at 10 points separated by 1 m each along a transect in the central area in the plots, vegetative height (heighest leaf) and regenerative height (heighest flower) were measured as standing height (without stretching the plant). In 2006, also the plots of the management experiment, that altered mowing frequency and fertilized subplots (see further details below) were sampled by measuring vegatation height five times, every 1m on a 5m transekt along the side of the management plots. Provided are the individual measurements and the mean over the measured plants.

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As an estimate of plant-available N, this data set contains measurements of inorganic nitrogen (NO3-N and NH4-N, the sum of which is termed mineral N or Nmin) determined by extraction with 1 M KCl solution of soil samples from the main experiment plots of a large grassland biodiversity experiment (the Jena Experiment; see further details below). In the main experiment, 82 grassland plots of 20 x 20 m were established from a pool of 60 species belonging to four functional groups (grasses, legumes, tall and small herbs). In May 2002, varying numbers of plant species from this species pool were sown into the plots to create a gradient of plant species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species) and functional richness (1, 2, 3, 4 functional groups). Plots were maintained by bi-annual weeding and mowing. Soil sampling and analysis: Five soil cores (diameter 0.01 m) were taken at a depth of 0 to 0.15 m and 0.15 to 0.3 m of the mineral soil from each of the experimental plots in March, June, and October 2003. Samples of the soil cores per plot were pooled during each sampling campaign. NO3-N and NH4-N concentrations were determined by extraction of soil samples with 1 M KCl solution and were measured in the soil extract with a Continuous Flow Analyzer (CFA, Skalar, Breda, Netherlands).

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This data set contains measurements of total nitrogen from the main experiment plots of a large grassland biodiversity experiment (the Jena Experiment; see further details below). In the main experiment, 82 grassland plots of 20 x 20 m were established from a pool of 60 species belonging to four functional groups (grasses, legumes, tall and small herbs). In May 2002, varying numbers of plant species from this species pool were sown into the plots to create a gradient of plant species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species) and functional richness (1, 2, 3, 4 functional groups). Plots were maintained by bi-annual weeding and mowing. Stratified soil sampling to a depth of 1m was repeated in April 2007 (as had been done before sowing in April 2002). Three independent samples per plot were taken of all plots in block 2 using a motor-driven soil column cylinder (Cobra, Eijkelkamp, 8.3 cm in diameter). Soil samples were dried at 40°C and segmented to a depth resolution of 5 cm giving 20 depth subsamples per core. All samples were analyzed independently. All soil samples were passed through a sieve with a mesh size of 2 mm. Because of much higher proportions of roots in the soil, the samples in 2007 were further sieved to 1 mm according to common root removal methods. No additional mineral particles were removed by this procedure. Total nitrogen concentration was analyzed on ball-milled subsamples (time 4 min, frequency 30 s-1) by an elemental analyzer at 1150°C (Elementaranalysator vario Max CN; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany).

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This data set contains measurements of total nitrogen from the main experiment plots of a large grassland biodiversity experiment (the Jena Experiment; see further details below). In the main experiment, 82 grassland plots of 20 x 20 m were established from a pool of 60 species belonging to four functional groups (grasses, legumes, tall and small herbs). In May 2002, varying numbers of plant species from this species pool were sown into the plots to create a gradient of plant species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species) and functional richness (1, 2, 3, 4 functional groups). Plots were maintained by bi-annual weeding and mowing. Soil sampling and analysis: Stratified soil sampling was performed in April 2006 to a depth of 30 cm. Three independent samples per plot were taken using a split tube sampler with an inner diameter of 4.8 cm (Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). Soil samples were segmented to a depth resolution of 5 cm in the field, giving six depth subsamples per core, and made into composite samples per depth. Sampling locations were less than 30 cm apart from sampling locations in other years. Samples were dried at 40°C. All soil samples were passed through a sieve with a mesh size of 2 mm. Because of much higher proportions of roots in the soil, the samples were further sieved to 1 mm according to common root removal methods. No additional mineral particles were removed by this procedure. Total nitrogen concentration was analyzed on ball-milled subsamples (time 4 min, frequency 30 s-1) by an elemental analyzer at 1150°C (Elementaranalysator vario Max CN; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany).

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European hares of both sexes rely on fat reserves, particularly during the reproduc-tive season. Therefore, hares should select dietary plants rich in fat and energy. However, hares also require essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to reproduce and survive. Although hares are able to absorb PUFA selectively in their gastrointestinal tract, it is unknown whether this mechanism is sufficient to guarantee PUFA supply. Thus, diet selection may involve a trade-off between a preference for energy versus a preference for crucial nutrients, namely PUFA. We compared plant and nutrient availability and use by hares in an arable landscape in Austria over three years. We found that European hares selected their diet for high energy content (crude fat and crude protein), and avoided crude fibre. There was no evidence of a preference for plants rich in LA and ALA. We conclude that fat is the limiting resource for this herbivorous mammal, whereas levels of LA and ALA in forage are sufficiently high to meet daily requirements, especially since their uptake is enhanced by physiological mechanisms. Animals selected several plant taxa all year round, and preferences did not simply correlate with crude fat content. Hence, European hares might not only select for plant taxa rich in fat, but also for high-fat parts of preferred plant taxa. As hares preferred weeds/grasses and various crop types while avoiding cereals, we suggest that promoting heterogeneous habitats with high crop diversity and set-asides may help stop the decline of European hares throughout Europe.

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This data set contains measurements of total nitrogen from the main experiment plots of a large grassland biodiversity experiment (the Jena Experiment; see further details below). In the main experiment, 82 grassland plots of 20 x 20 m were established from a pool of 60 species belonging to four functional groups (grasses, legumes, tall and small herbs). In May 2002, varying numbers of plant species from this species pool were sown into the plots to create a gradient of plant species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species) and functional richness (1, 2, 3, 4 functional groups). Plots were maintained by bi-annual weeding and mowing. Soil sampling and analysis: Stratified soil sampling was performed before sowing in April 2002. Five independent samples per plot were taken using a split tube sampler with an inner diameter of 4.8 cm (Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). Soil samples were dried at 40°C and then segmented to a depth resolution of 5 cm giving six depth subsamples per core. All samples were analyzed independently and averaged values per depth layer are reported. Sampling locations were less than 30 cm apart from sampling locations in other years. Subsequently, samples were dried at 40°C. All soil samples were passed through a sieve with a mesh size of 2 mm. Rarely present visible plant remains were removed using tweezers. Total nitrogen concentration was analyzed on ball-milled subsamples (time 4 min, frequency 30 s-1) by an elemental analyzer at 1150°C (Elementaranalysator vario Max CN; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany).

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The study was carried out on the main plots (Main Experiment) of a large grassland biodiversity experiment, the Jena Experiment. In the main experiment, 82 grassland plots of 20 x 20 m were established from a pool of 60 species belonging to four functional groups (grasses, legumes, tall and small herbs). In May 2002, varying numbers of plant species from this species pool were sown into the plots to create a gradient of plant species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species) and functional richness (1, 2, 3, 4 functional groups). Plots were maintained by bi-annual weeding and mowing. This data set consists of standard deviation (SD), mean and stability (stab) of soil microbial basal respiration (µl O2/h/g dry soil) and microbial biomass carbon (µg C/g dry soil). Data were derived by taking soil samples and measuring basal and substrate-induced microbial respiration with an oxygen-consumption apparatus. Samples for calculating the spatial stability of soil microbial properties were taken on the 20th of September in 2010. Oxygen consumption of soil microorganisms in fresh soil equivalent to 3.5 g dry weight was measured at 22°C over a period of 24 h. Basal respiration (µlO2/g dry soil/h) was calculated as mean of the oxygen consumption rates of hours 14 to 24 after the start of measurements. Substrate- induced respiration was determined by adding D-glucose to saturate catabolic enzymes of microorganisms according to preliminary studies (4 mg g-1 dry soil solved in 400 µl deionized water). Maximum initial respiratory response (µl O2/g dry soil/ h) was calculated as mean of the lowest three oxygen consumption values within the first 10 h after glucose addition. Microbial biomass carbon (µg C/g dry soil) was calculated as 38 × Maximum initial respiratory response according to prelimiray studies.

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The study was carried out on the main plots (Main Experiment) of a large grassland biodiversity experiment, the Jena Experiment. In the main experiment, 82 grassland plots of 20 x 20 m were established from a pool of 60 species belonging to four functional groups (grasses, legumes, tall and small herbs). In May 2002, varying numbers of plant species from this species pool were sown into the plots to create a gradient of plant species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species) and functional richness (1, 2, 3, 4 functional groups). Plots were maintained by bi-annual weeding and mowing. This data set consists of standard deviation (SD), mean and stability (stab) of soil microbial basal respiration (µl O2/h/g dry soil) and microbial biomass carbon (µg C/g dry soil). Data were derived by taking soil samples and measuring basal and substrate-induced microbial respiration with an oxygen-consumption apparatus. Samples for calculating the temporal stability were taken every year in May/June from 2003 to 2014, except in 2005. Oxygen consumption of soil microorganisms in fresh soil equivalent to 3.5 g dry weight was measured at 22°C over a period of 24 h. Basal respiration (µlO2/g dry soil/h) was calculated as mean of the oxygen consumption rates of hours 14 to 24 after the start of measurements. Substrate- induced respiration was determined by adding D-glucose to saturate catabolic enzymes of microorganisms according to preliminary studies (4 mg g-1 dry soil solved in 400 µl deionized water). Maximum initial respiratory response (µl O2/g dry soil/h) was calculated as mean of the lowest three oxygen consumption values within the first 10 h after glucose addition. Microbial biomass carbon (µg C/g dry soil) was calculated as 38 × Maximum initial respiratory response according to prelimiray studies.

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Powdery mildews, obligate biotrophic fungal parasites on a wide range of important crops, can be controlled by plant resistance (R) genes, but these are rapidly overcome by parasite mutants evading recognition. It is unknown how this rapid evolution occurs without apparent loss of parasite fitness. R proteins recognize avirulence (AVR) molecules from parasites in a gene-for-gene manner and trigger defense responses. We identify AVRa10 and AVRk1 of barley powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f sp hordei (Bgh), and show that they induce both cell death and naccessibility when transiently expressed in Mla10 and Mlk1 barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties, respectively. In contrast with other reported fungal AVR genes, AVRa10 and AVRk1 encode proteins that lack secretion signal peptides and enhance infection success on susceptible host plant cells. AVRa10 and AVRk1 belong to a large family with mayor que30 paralogues in the genome of Bgh, and homologous sequences are present in other formae speciales of the fungus infecting other grasses. Our findings imply that the mildew fungus has a repertoire of AVR genes, which may function as effectors and contribute to parasite virulence. Multiple copies of related but distinct AVR effector paralogues might enable populations of Bgh to rapidly overcome host R genes while maintaining virulence.

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La calidad del suelo es una herramienta de evaluación que puede facilitar la adaptación de prácticas de manejo que promuevan sistemas agropecuarios sostenibles. La investigación de este trabajo se inició con un diagnóstico participativo en 12 comunidades rurales de la provincia de Las Tunas en el año 2009 en el cual los productores identificaron los puntos críticos de calidad de los suelos de la región y sirvieron de punta de partida para seleccionar las variables físicas, químicas y biológicas a determinar en cinco sistemas de uso agropecuario (arboleda, pasto natural, pasto cultivado y dos sistemas silvopastoriles) en la zona La Veguita, municipio Las Tunas. El sistema arboleda se utilizó como referencia de las propiedades naturales del suelo. El pasto natural se distingue por el desarrollo de especies de baja productividad, sin embargo el pasto cultivado está representado por Pennisetum purpureum vc CUBA CT-115, y constituye una contribución a la tecnología de bancos de biomasa, para utilizarse en el pastoreo durante la seca. Los sistemas silvopastoriles están representados por Leucaena leucocephala Lam. en franjas y Panicum maximun vc. Likoni, los que se diferencian en su diseño, manejo y propiedades mineralógicas. El objetivo fundamental fue valorar indicadores de calidad de los suelos Luvisoles háplicos sobre granitoides, para diseñar e implementar tecnologías de manejo que permitan incrementar la capacidad agroproductiva de los suelos. Mediante el análisis de componentes principales se obtuvo un conjunto mínimo de indicadores físicos, químicos y biológicos que proporcionaron información útil referente a los procesos edáficos y se integraron para determinar un índice de calidad. En el sistema de uso, caracterizado por el pasto cultivado (Pennisetum purpureum) se estableció, en parcelas experimentales, un ensayo de corta duración, en el que se comparó el laboreo tradicional y el laboreo sin inversión del prisma, con y sin aplicación de compost. En ambos sistemas de labranza se evaluó el desarrollo del cultivo e indicadores de calidad del suelo. Los resultados mostraron que del conjunto de indicadores edáficos estudiados se seleccionaron 6 en los que la capacidad de intercambio catiónico, materia orgánica, potasio intercambiable, contenido de arena, densidad aparente y biomasa de lombrices explicaron la mayor variabilidad y sirvieron de base para evaluar la calidad de estos suelos. Se establecieron valores umbrales de referencia de indicadores de calidad, que permitirán evaluar y monitorear los sistemas de uso y manejo de la región. El sistema Silvopastoril 2 resultó el de mayor índice de calidad de los suelos tomando como referencia la arboleda por su condición natural. El manejo silvopastoril influyó predominantemente en mejores resultados productivos pero las características edáficas principalmente físicas, deben definir su diseño y manejo. El sistema de pastos cultivados con Pennisetum purpureum vc CUBA CT 115, alcanzó la mayor acumulación de carbono orgánico, sin embargo, el manejo limitó su calidad física y el funcionamiento productivo del sistema. De manera general los sistemas de uso no garantizan un índice de la calidad del suelo, puesto que se ve afectado por las propiedades edáficas y las prácticas de manejo. En el ámbito biológico, las lombrices constituyeron los organismos más numerosos con predominio en los sistemas silvopastoriles y arboleda. Los valores superiores de densidad y biomasa de oligoquetos y mayor diversidad de otros individuos de la macrofauna, indican que la presencia de árboles en los pastizales de gramínea potencia y diversifican las comunidades de macroinvertebrados del suelo. El sistema de labranza sin inversión del prisma propicia una mejor calidad física del suelo, manteniendo el carbono e incrementando los rendimientos del Penisetum purpureum cv CUBA CT 115. La labranza tradicional, a base de aradura y grada, afecta a los contenidos de materia orgánica en el corto plazo y mantiene capas compactas en el horizonte subyacente, además influye desfavorablemente al flujo del aire, agua y al desarrollo radical de los pastos. La aplicación de compost favoreció mejores resultados productivos en ambas tecnologías de manejo. Los resultados alcanzados recomiendan la implantación de tecnologías de manejo conservacionistas y la aplicación de materiales orgánicos que restituyan los elementos nutricionales requeridos por los pastos, por lo que no se justifica la continuidad del uso de prácticas tradicionales de laboreo con inversión del prisma que se realizan actualmente. ABSTRACT The soil quality is an assessment tool, which could facilitate the adaptation of management practices that promote sustainable agricultural systems. The present investigation was carried out with a participatory diagnostic in twelve rural communities from Las Tunas province in 2009, in which producers identified the critical soil quality points of region and served as a starting point to select the physical, chemical and biological variables, in order to determine on five agricultural used systems (grove, natural grass, cultivated grass and two silvopastoral systems) in La Veguita zone from municipality Las Tunas. The system grove was used as reference of natural soil properties. The natural grass is distinguished by the development of low-productivity species, however the cultivated grass is represented by Pennisetum purpureum vc CUBA CT-115, and is a contribution to the biomass banks technology, in order to use in grazing during the dry season. The silvopastoral systems are represented by Leucaena leucocephala Lam. in stripes and Panicum maximum cv. Likoni, which differ in their design, handling and mineralogical properties. The main aim of this study was to assess the quality indicators for haplic Luvisols on granitoids for designing and implementing management technologies in order to increase the agroproductive capacity of soils. A minimal set of physical, chemical and biological indicators by Principal Component Analysis was obtained, which provided some useful information regarding soil processes and their integration for determining an index of quality. In the use system, characterized for the cultivated grass (Pennisetum purpureum) a short term assay in experimental plots was established, where the traditional and prism without inversion tillage were compared with and without compost application. In both tillage systems were evaluated the crop development and soil quality indicators. The results showed that the studied soil indicators set, six were selected, specifically the ones with exchangeable cationic capacity, organic matter, interchangeable potassium, sand content, bulk density and earthworm biomass, which explained the higher variability and served as the basis for evaluating the soil quality. The Reference threshold values of quality indicators for evaluating and monitoring the use and management systems from the region were established. The silvopastoral system 2 had the highest quality soil index, taking of reference the grove system for its natural condition. The silvopastoral management influenced on better productive results, but the soil characteristics, particularly the physical properties to be defined its design and management. However, the cultivated grass system with Pennisetum purpureum vc CUBA CT 115, reached the greatest accumulation of organic carbon. However, the management limited its physical quality and productive performance of the system. In addition, the use systems do not guarantee an index of soil quality, since it is affected by soil properties and management practices. From the biological aspect, the earthworms are the most numerous organisms on the silvopastoral systems and grove. The higher values of oligochaetes biomass and density and the greater diversity of other organisms from macrofauna indicate that the tree presence on the pasture grasses allows enhancing and diversifying soil macro invertebrate communities. The non-inversion prism tillage system provides a better physical quality of soil, maintaining the carbon content and increasing the yields of Penisetum purpureum vc CUBA CT 115. The traditional tillage, using the plowing and harrowing affects the organic matter content in a short term and keeps on compact layers of underlying horizon, and adversely affects the air and water flow, and pasture radical development. The compost application favored the best production results in both management technologies. The results obtained recommend the implementation of conservation management technologies and the application of organic materials that restore the nutritional elements required by the pasture, so it does not justify the continued use of traditional tillage practices with prism investment that are currently being made.

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Effects of considering the particle comminution rate -kc- in addition to particle rumen outflow -kp- and the ruminal microbial contamination on estimates of by-pass and intestinal digestibility of DM, organic matter and crude protein were examined in perennial ryegrass and oat hays. By-pass kc-kp-based values of amino acids were also determined. This study was performed using particle transit, in situ and 15N techniques on three rumen and duodenum-cannulated wethers. The above estimates were determined using composite samples from rumen-incubated residues representative of feed by-pass. Considering the comminution rate, kc, modified the contribution of the incubated residues to these samples in both hays and revealed a higher microbial contamination, consistently in oat hay and only as a tendency for crude protein in ryegrass hay. Not considering kc or rumen microbial contamination overvalued by-pass and intestinal digestibility in both hays. Therefore, non-microbial-corrected kp-based values of intestinal digested crude protein were overestimated as compared with corrected and kc-kp-based values in ryegrass hay -17.4 vs 4.40%- and in oat hay -5.73 vs 0.19%-. Both factors should be considered to obtain accurate in situ estimates in grasses, as the protein value of grasses is very conditioned by the microbial synthesis derived from their ruminal fermentation. Consistent overvaluations of amino acid by-pass due to not correcting microbial contamination were detected in both hays, with large variable errors among amino acids. A similar degradation pattern of amino acids was recorded in both hays. Cysteine, methionine, leucine and valine were the most degradation-resistant amino acids.

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Effects of considering the comminution rate -kc- and the correction of microbial contamination -using 15N techniques- of particles in the rumen on estimates of ruminally undegraded fractions and their intestinal digestibility were examined generating composite samples -from rumen-incubated residues- representative of the undegraded feed rumen outflow. The study used sunflower meal -SFM- and Italian ryegrass hay -RGH- and three rumen and duodenum cannulated wethers fed with a 40:60 RGH to concentrate diet -75 g DM/kgBW0.75-. Transit studies up to the duodenum with Yb-SFM and Eu-RGH marked samples showed higher kc values -/h- in SFM than in RGH -0.577 vs. 0.0892, p = 0.034-, whereas similar values occurred for the rumen passage rate -kp-. Estimates of ruminally undegraded and intestinal digestibility of all tested fractions decreased when kc was considered and also applying microbial correction. Thus, microbial uncorrected kp-based proportions of intestinal digested undegraded crude protein overestimated those corrected and kc-kp-based by 39% in SFM -0.146 vs. 0.105- and 761% in RGH -0.373 vs. 0.0433-. Results show that both kc and microbial contamination correction should be considered to obtain accurate in situ estimates in grasses, whereas in protein concentrates not considering kc is an important source of error.

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The annual grass Brachypodium distachyon has been recently recognized as the model plant for functional genomics of temperate grasses, including cereals of economic relevance like wheat and barley. Sixty-two lines of B. distachyon were assessed for response to drought stress and heat tolerance. All these lines, except the reference genotype BD21, derive from specimens collected in 32 distinct locations of the Iberian Peninsula, covering a wide range of geo- climatic conditions. Sixteen lines of Brachypodium hybridum, an allotetraploid closely related to B. distachyon were used as reference of abiotic-stress well-adapted genotypes. Drought tolerance was assessed in a green-house trial. At the rosette-stage, no irrigation was applied to treated plants whereas their replicates at the control were maintained well watered during all the experiment. Thermographic images of treated and control plants were taken after 2 and 3 weeks of drought treatment, when stressed plants showed medium and extreme wilting symptoms. The mean leaf temperature of stressed (LTs) and control (LTc) plants was estimated based upon thermographic records from selected pixels (183 per image) that strictly correspond to leaf tissue. The response to drought was based on the analysis of two parameters: LTs and the thermal difference (TD) between stressed and control plants (LTs – LTc). The response to heat stress was based on LTc. Comparison of the mean values of these parameters showed that: 1) Genotypes better adapted to drought (B. hybridum lines) presented a higher LTs and TD than B. distachyon lines. 2) Under high temperature conditions, watered plants of B. hybridum lines maintained lower LTc than those of B. distachyon. Those results suggest that in these species adaptation to drought is linked to a more efficient stomata regulation: under water stress stomata are closed, increasing foliar temperature but also water use efficiency by reducing transpiration. With high temperature and water availability the results are less definite, but still seems that opening stomata allow plants to increase transpiration and therefore to diminish foliar temperature.