Cobalt-doped ZnO nanowires on quartz: Synthesis by simple chemical method and characterization

The synthesis of cobalt-doped ZnO nanowires is achieved using a simple, metal salt decomposition growth technique. A sequence of drop casting on a quartz substrate held at 100 degrees C and annealing results in the growth of nanowires of average (modal) length similar to 200 nm and diameter of 15 +/- 4 nm and consequently an aspect ratio of similar to 13. A variation in the synthesis process, where the solution of mixed salts is deposited on the substrate at 25 degrees C, yields a grainy film structure which constitutes a useful comparator case. X-ray diffraction shows a preferred [0001] growth direction for the nanowires while a small unit cell volume contraction for Co-doped samples and data from Raman spectroscopy indicate incorporation of the Co dopant into the lattice; neither technique shows explicit evidence of cobalt oxides. Also the nanowire samples display excellent optical transmission across the entire visible range, as well as strong photoluminescence (exciton emission) in the near UV, centered at 3.25 eV. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Heterogeneous oxidation of pyrimidine and alkyl thioethers in ionic liquids over mesoporous Ti or Ti/Ge catalysts

Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of a series of thioethers (2-thiomethylpyrimidine, 2-thiomethyl-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine, 2-thiobenzylpyrimidine, 2-thiobenzyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, thioanisole, and n-heptyl methyl sulfide) was performed in ionic liquids by using MCM-41 and UVM-type mesoporous catalysts containing Ti, or Ti and Ge. A range of triflate, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoroacetate, lactate and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide-based ionic liquids were used. The oxidations were carried out by using anhydrous hydrogen peroxide or the urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct and showed that ionic liquids are very effective solvents, achieving greater reactivity and selectivity than reactions performed in dioxane. The effects of halide and acid impurities on the reactions were also investigated. Recycling experiments on catalysts were carried out in order to evaluate Ti leaching and its effect on activity and selectivity.

Energy levels, radiative rates and electron impact excitation rates for transitions in Be-like Cl XIV, K XVI and Ge XXIX

Results for energy levels, radiative rates and electron impact excitation (effective) collision strengths for transitions in Be-like Cl XIV, K XVI and Ge XXIX are reported. For the calculations of energy levels and radiative rates the general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package is adopted, while for determining the collision strengths and subsequently the excitation rates, the Dirac atomic R-matrix code is used. Oscillator strengths, radiative rates and line strengths are listed for all E1, E2, M1 and M2 transitions among the lowest 98 levels of the n ≤ 4 configurations. Furthermore, lifetimes are provided for all levels and comparisons made with available theoretical and experimental results. Resonances in the collision strengths are resolved in a fine energy mesh and averaged over a Maxwellian velocity distribution to obtain the effective collision strengths. Results obtained are listed over a wide temperature range up to 10^7.8 K, depending on the ion.

Energy levels, radiative rates and electron impact excitation rates for transitions in He-like Ga XXX, Ge XXXI, As XXXII, Se XXXIII and Br XXXIV

We report calculations of energy levels, radiative rates and electron impact excitation cross sections and rates for transitions in He-like Ga XXX, Ge XXXI, As XXXII, Se XXXIII and Br XXXIV. The grasp (general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package) is adopted for calculating energy levels and radiative rates. For determining the collision strengths, and subsequently the excitation rates, the Dirac atomic R-matrix code (darc) is used. Oscillator strengths, radiative rates and line strengths are reported for all E1, E2, M1 and M2 transitions among the lowest 49 levels of each ion. Additionally, theoretical lifetimes are provided for all 49 levels of the above five ions. Collision strengths are averaged over a Maxwellian velocity distribution and the effective collision strengths obtained listed over a wide temperature range up to 10⁸ K. Comparisons are made with similar data obtained using the flexible atomic code (fac) to highlight the importance of resonances, included in calculations with darc, in the determination of effective collision strengths. Discrepancies between the collision strengths from darc and fac, particularly for some forbidden transitions, are also discussed. Finally, discrepancies between the present results for effective collision strengths with the darc code and earlier semi-relativistic R-matrix data are noted over a wide range of electron temperatures for many transitions in all ions. © 2013 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Orange Zinc Germanate with Metallic Ge-Ge Bonds as a Chromophore-Like Center for Visible-Light-Driven Water Splitting

The efficiency of solar-energy-conversion devices depends on the absorption region and intensity of the photon collectors. Organic chromophores, which have been widely stabilized on inorganic semiconductors for light trapping, are limited by the interface between the chromophore and semiconductor. Herein we report a novel orange zinc germanate (Zn-Ge-O) with a chromophore-like structure, by which the absorption region can be dramatically expanded. Structural characterizations and theoretical calculations together reveal that the origin of visible-light response can be attributed to the unusual metallic Ge-Ge bonds which act in a similar way to organic chromophores. Benefiting from the enhanced light harvest, the orange Zn-Ge-O demonstrates superior capacity for solar-driven hydrogen production.

High temperature thermal stability of the HfO2/Ge (100) interface as a function of surface preparation studied by synchrotron radiation core level photo emission

High resolution soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (SXPS) have been used to study the high temperature thermal stability of ultra-thin atomic layer deposited (ALD) HfO2 layers (∼1 nm) on sulphur passivated and hydrofluoric acid (HF) treated germanium surfaces. The interfacial oxides which are detected for both surface preparations following HfO2 deposition can be effectively removed by annealing upto 700 °C without any evidence of chemical interaction at the HfO2/Ge interface. The estimated valence and conduction band offsets for the HfO2/Ge abrupt interface indicated that effective barriers exist to inhibit carrier injection.

Persistent luminescence of SrAl2O4:Ce(III), Dy, Eu nanotubes, nanowires and core-shells for people with disabilities: nano-emergency

Este estudo transversal está focado na propriedade de luminescência persistente do aluminato de estrôncio co-dopado com cério (III), disprósio (III) e európio (II), SrAl2O4:Ce3+, Dy3+, Eu2+, em sistemas de sinalização de áreas de risco e emergências para pessoas com deficiências. Na área da ciência e engenharia dos materiais, foram desenvolvidos novos materiais com características nanométricas, nanotubos, nanoarames e nanobastões luminescentes de SrAl2O4:Ce3+, Dy3+, Eu2+ para aplicações na área da reabilitação e acessibilidade de pessoas com deficiências. Os nanotubos foram obtidos a partir de micro- e nano-partículas precursoras sintetizadas por reacção do estado-sólido e tratamento térmico de recozedura (1273-1473 K). Os nanoarames e nanobastões foram preparados por moagem, sonificação e recozedura (373 K). Novas nanocápsulas de aluminatos luminescentes dopados com cério (III) e encapsulados com TiO2 foram criadas de modo a obter-se materiais multifuncionais, designadamente com acção fotocatalítica antimicrobiana, antibacteriana e resistência à água. Tais aluminatos podem ser amplamente aplicados como superfícies higiénicas, auto-limpantes, em biomateriais, no domínio de medicamentos antibióticos, na formulação de vacinas, e com ênfase à aplicação em cerâmicas fotoluminescentes. As metodologias de obtenção de tais nanoestruturas de aluminato de estrôncio dopado com cério (III) e do seu encapsulamento, desenvolvidas no âmbito desta tese, são aplicáveis a diversos aluminatos dopados com outros iões lantanídeos (Ln consiste em La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Tm ou Lu) com a fórmula M(1-x-y)N2O4:Cex, Lny, onde M é Be, Mg, Ca, Sr ou Ba. Na área da oftalmologia, foi desenvolvido um equipamento médico para o diagnóstico de biofuncionalidade das células retinais fotoreceptoras, e como suporte à telemedicina oftalmológica. Este equipamento foi utilizado para realizar testes de visão cromática FM100HUE em fundo branco/preto para a personalização de materiais luminescentes. Os resultados demonstraram uma biofuncionalidade celular à visibilidade fotópica das cores em fundo preto superior no grupo de tratamento, composto por pessoas com retinopatia diabética (n=38), em comparação ao grupo de referência (n=38). Estes resultados sugerem a recomendação de materiais com fotoluminescência persistente (λem=485-555 nm), incluindo SrAl2O4:Ce3+, Dy3+, Eu2+, para o referido grupo de tratamento, em sinalização de emergência e em ambientes de baixa iluminação. Na área da arquitectura, foi proposta uma nova aplicação dos referidos nanomateriais luminescentes à base de SrAl2O4:Ce3+, Dy3+, Eu2+ em cerâmica de revestimento, tendo em vista a sua boa visibilidade e uso por pessoas com deficiências. Novos pavimentos, cerâmicos, fotoluminescentes, foram desenhados com propriedades multisensoriais (contraste táctil, sonoro e visual) e antimicrobianas, para pessoas portadoras de deficiências utilizarem, no escuro, com a prioridade de salvar vidas em emergências. Tais pisos, com relevos, podem ser combinados de modo a compor um sistema exclusivo de sinalização fotoluminescente multisensorial que possibilita a rápida evacuação mediante o uso de auxílios de mobilidade (e.g. bengala, cadeira de rodas, andadores, muletas). A solução integrada de tais inovações que potencializa a propriedade de luminescência persistente de SrAl2O4:Ce3+, Dy3+, Eu2+ de modo acessível para as pessoas com deficiências, pode contribuir para salvar vidas, no escuro, em emergências.

L'agencement des relations père-enfant et mère-enfant : liens avec le développement social d'enfants d'âge préscolaire de familles nucléaires

Ce mémoire s'intéresse à l'agencement des relations qu'un enfant maintient avec ses deux parents et à leurs effets sur le développement social de l'enfant. Plus spécifiquement, ce mémoire explore les relations d'attachement et d'activation. Si le premier terme ferait traditionnellement référence à la relation spécifique entre une mère et son enfant, l'activation concernerait plutôt, selon certains auteurs, la relation entre un père et son enfant. Les psychoéducatrices et psychoéducateurs sont très souvent appelés à soutenir les personnes sur le plan de leur développement social. L'une des fondations cruciales du développement de la socialité serait la première relation créée et maintenue entre un enfant et son premier donneur de soins : la relation d'attachement. En effet, la relation d'attachement, selon la définition classique, référerait davantage à la relation spécifique que les enfants maintiendraient généralement avec leur mère. La façon dont l'enfant entrera ultérieurement en contact avec les personnes de son environnement pourrait être calquée sur cette première relation. Si, au départ, on s'intéressait davantage à l'attachement mère-enfant, plusieurs études ont tenté d'intégrer le père au modèle classique de l'attachement. Il semble que les pères s'intégreraient plus difficilement à ce modèle classique. Certains l'expliquent en faisant valoir que les prémisses théoriques de l'attachement se seraient plutôt concentrées sur la dimension simplement sécuritaire qui serait plus adaptée pour les mères. Les pères auraient un mode d'entrée en relation avec leurs enfants qui serait beaucoup plus dynamique, caractérisé par des jeux physiques chaleureux, mais où les limites seraient clairement définies par l'autorité du parent. Ce type de relation s'appelle la relation d'activation. La relation d'activation favoriserait chez l'enfant la persévérance et l'autorégulation face à l'exploration sécuritaire de son environnement, et par le fait même, constituerait le pendant exploratoire de la relation d'attachement. Des études ont déjà montré les liens de la relation d'activation avec le développement social de l'enfant. Si le cadre théorique de l'activation a été pensé en fonction du père, il reste encore à savoir si la mère peut aussi prendre sa place dans cette relation dynamisante. Alors qu'au Québec, l'organisation des rôles familiaux est en constante évolution, il convient de bien comprendre d'abord les agencements relationnels de la famille nucléaire afin d'éventuellement outiller les parents de familles d'autres types. Pour explorer les mécanismes relationnels, une recension des écrits systématique a été réalisée. L'un des constats les plus intéressants de cette recension est l'absence d'études ayant étudié l'activation et le développement social auprès des enfants de plus de 36 mois. De plus, les deux types de relations (attachement et activation) n'ont pas été vérifiés chez les deux parents d'une famille nucléaire. Un dernier constat concerne enfin les instruments utiliser pour mesurer le construit de la sécurité d'attachement : il semble que, selon l'outil choisi et le type de variable utilisé, les constats réalisés sur la sécurité d'attachement diffèrent. Afin de répondre à cette lacune, le présent projet propose une avenue novatrice, à titre exploratoire : vérifier l'agencement des relations d'activation et d'attachement dans une triade familiale (un enfant et ses deux parents biologiques), et son lien avec le développement social de l'enfant. Étant donné les ressources limitées, seulement cinq cas ont été recrutés. Des données ont été collectées par observation directe et indirecte, selon un devis transversal. Puis les données ont été analysées d'abord de façon descriptive. Quelques analyses corrélationnelles ont toutefois été réalisées à titre exploratoire. Malgré l'impossibilité de généraliser les résultats de cette étude, ces derniers présentent plusieurs points similaires à la littérature scientifique. Le constat le plus évident est le lien entre les problèmes d'activation et les difficultés de comportements internalisés qui ont aussi été documentés dans la littérature scientifique. Ce projet consolide l'intérêt de s'intéresser aux deux dimensions de la relation parent-enfant, tant en recherche que sur le plan de l'évaluation psychosociale de l'enfant.

Audit report GE McCormick - 2010

This audit report by the South Carolina State Election Commission for the 2010 general election in McCormick County provides 5 reports generated by the iVotronic voting machines and Unity election system, including comparisons of number of ballots, number of votes for each candidate, and Personal Electronic Ballot devices used.

Petites villes européenes au bas Moyen Âge: perspectives de recherche

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia,

BÉRIOU, Nicole, JOSSERAND, Philippe (coord.), Prier et Combattre – Dictionnaire européen des ordres militaires au Moyen Âge, Fayard, 2009

Medievalista [Em linha]. Nº10, (Julho 2011). Direc. José Mattoso. Lisboa: IEM.