Atenção ao idoso na estratégia de Saúde da Família: atuação do enfermeiro

Este estudo objetivou descrever a consulta de enfermagem ao idoso realizada na ESF; identificar possíveis dificuldades na atenção à saúde do idoso, bem como os cursos de qualificação profissional realizados e as necessidades de aprendizagem. Os dados foram coletados por meio da entrevista semiestruturada e submetidos à análise descritiva e temática. Foram entrevistadas 12 enfermeiras, a maioria estando na faixa etária de anos de formada (41%) em instituição particular (75%). Emergiram duas categorias temáticas: consulta de enfermagem ao idoso na ESF e qualificação profissional para a atenção à saúde do idoso. Foi considerado como desafio na realização da consulta de enfermagem a obtenção de dados fidedignos, a resolutividade e o apoio familiar. Os cursos para qualificar a atenção ao idoso ocorreram durante o período de graduação, destacando a falta de oportunidade, a pouca oferta e a necessidade de se aprofundar sobre o processo de envelhecimento.

Características sócio-demográficas do atendimento ao idoso após alta hospitalar na Estratégia da Saúde de Família

Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar o perfil sócio-demográfico dos idosos e a assistência que recebem após a alta hospitalar da equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, e a coleta de dados foi realizada com 67 idosos que receberam alta nos meses de outubro, novembro e dezembro de 2007, residentes na área de abrangência da ESF do município de Marília (SP). Para apresentação dos dados, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva simples. A maioria dos idosos é do sexo feminino, e foi internada por encaminhamento do Pronto Socorro e, ao apresentar complicação, procurou o hospital. Mais de dois terços deles afirmaram ter recebido visita de profissionais da equipe da ESF, principalmente do Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS), mas sugeriram um acompanhamento mais frequente da equipe. Depreende-se que é preciso avançar na construção de um novo modelo de atenção ao idoso, após alta hospitalar.

Protocolo na assistência pré-natal: ações, facilidades e dificuldades dos enfermeiros da Estratégia de Saúde da Família

Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a percepção dos enfermeiros acerca do uso do protocolo de suas atribuições na assistência pré-natal, identificando as ações de saúde desenvolvidas por esses profissionais, assim como os pontos facilitadores e dificultadores no uso do referido protocolo. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido junto aos enfermeiros da Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Divinópolis, Minas Gerais. Para o levantamento dos dados, foram realizadas entrevistas com cinco enfermeiros. Os dados foram analisados pelo conteúdo, na modalidade temática. Os resultados demonstraram a necessidade de investimentos na formação de pessoal qualificado para o atendimento à mulher no ciclo gravídico-puerperal, assim como a criação e a incorporação de protocolos que promovam uma melhor interação do trabalho médico e de enfermagem.

Ensino e pesquisa na estratégia de saúde da família: o PET-Saúde da FMB/Unesp

Tendo como princípios orientadores a integralidade e a humanização do cuidado, a Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (FMB) - Unesp busca reorientar a formação dos profissionais de saúde com o desenvolvimento de pesquisas e educação permanente na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Este artigo analisa o primeiro ano do PET-Saúde desenvolvido na FMB e Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Botucatu (SP). Foram selecionados como temas de investigação: saúde bucal de gestante, criança e idoso; imunização do adolescente; saúde do adulto e do idoso; e saúde e meio ambiente. Realizaram-se oficinas com a metodologia da problematização, produzindo-se modelos de intervenção nos quais alunos, docentes e profissionais de saúde dos serviços locais de saúde são protagonistas. O programa é um desdobramento da disciplina Interação Universidade, Serviço e Comunidade, ministrada de modo integrado aos cursos de Medicina e Enfermagem. Há resistências no interior da universidade, reconhecendo-se a desvalorização da prática clínica extra-hospitalar e na Atenção Básica. Nesse processo, o PET-Saúde vem fortalecer a prática acadêmica que interliga a universidade, em suas atividades de ensino, pesquisa, serviço e extensão, com demandas da sociedade, de forma partilhada.

Formação médica na estratégia de saúde da família: percepções discentes

Diante das atuais demandas sociais, tornou-se imprescindível para a educação médica a transição do modelo tradicional de formação reducionista e hospitalocêntrica para uma vertente de educação mais ampla e integralizada. A construção de novas práticas de formação em saúde - com a utilização de cenários externos -, em coparticipação com o SUS, tem assumido um papel fundamental na formação médica. Em 2005, o Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (Unifeso) incorporou em seu currículo a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas e a inserção dos graduandos de Medicina em Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família. Este artigo apresenta a percepção dos discentes de Medicina neste cenário. Para isto, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando-se entrevistas e análise temática das respostas, com a criação de categorias. Os resultados demonstram a combinação de impressões positivas - integração entre teoria e prática - e negativas - problemas na organização das atividades e necessidade de identificação de um preceptor local. Propõe-se um planejamento orientado pelas novas diretrizes para o ensino na Atenção Primária à Saúde, contextualizada à condição da integralidade.

Prevalência de doença renal crônica em adultos atendidos na Estratégia de Saúde da Família

Resumo Introdução: Doença renal crônica (DRC) é um importante problema de saúde pública que, no Brasil, tem como principais etiologias a hipertensão arterial (HA) e odiabetes mellitus (DM). O diagnóstico precoce possibilita a implementação de medidas preventivas que retardam ou mesmo interrompem a progressão para os estágios mais avançados da DRC. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à DRC entre adultos atendidos pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Métodos: Estudo transversal com delineamento epidemiológico, descritivo e observacional, realizado com 511 adultos maiores de 20 anos, atendidos na ESF em região de Goiânia, GO. Definiu-se DRC como TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 e/ou albuminúria ≥ 30 mg/g. A taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) foi estimada pela equação de Cockcroft-Gault e a albuminúria por meio da razão entre albumina e creatinina urinária em amostra de urina. Constituíram variáveis independentes: idade, sexo, pressão arterial, uso de álcool, DM, tabagismo e sobrepeso/obesidade. Resultados: A prevalência de DRC foi 32,53%, enquanto TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 ocorreu em 10,64% e albuminúria em 25,29% da amostra. A análise identificou associação significativa entre idade ≥ 60 anos e TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 (p < 0,001). Quanto à albuminúria ≥ 30 mg/g, encontrou-se associação com sexo masculino (p = 0,043), DM (p = 0,002) e consumo de álcool (p = 0,035). Conclusão: Observou-se alta prevalência de DRC nos estágio iniciais na ESF, sendo os fatores associados à doença idade ≥ 60 anos, sexo masculino, DM e consumo de álcool. Logo, sugere-se a realização de triagem e monitoramento para DRC em adultos atendidos na ESF.

Dificuldades e/ou facilidades vivenciadas pelos profissionais que compõem a Estratégia de Saúde da Família

Descriptive and quantitative study, with the objective of review the positive and negative aspects experienced by professionals working in the Family Health Strategy (ESF) of Ceará-Mirim town, at Rio Grande do Norte state. The population included 190 healthcare professionals that integrate the family healthcare staff and the data-collection occurred in a meeting at their workplace, with the implementation of a questionnaire. Results were organized in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet software, with descriptive statistical analysis in tables, graphs and tables through frequencies, averages values and standard deviations. There is a predominance of females (n = 137) and higher rates in almost all professions, and higher average age (38.9%, SD = 7.8) and income wage (average = 10) in the medical category. Regarding the more developed activities, for physicians and nurses are the healthcare actions in the Unit, the oral hygiene for dentists, the immunization for auxiliary nurses (Aux-N), educational meeting for the dental office assistants (ACD), and home visitations to community-based health workers (ACS). About the easiness of work, 93.2% said to be presence of professionals with a personal profile in public healthcare; about the difficulties, 86.8% of professionals cited the unavailability of material, followed by salary range reported by nurses (80.9% ), dentists (80.0%), physicians (73.3%), ACS (83.1%), and Aux-N (90.5%). In relation to working conditions, the unavailability of materials was the most mentioned, with the exception of dentists who reported improvement in wages. We still identify among these difficulties: the drugs availability regarded as first grade obstacle by ACS and physicians, the type of contracts in second grade cited by the ACD and dentists and, in third grade, the salary range cited by dentists and auxiliary nurses. It is concluded that the difficulties and easiness faced by ESF professionals are divergent among themselves. For physicians and nurses, whose healthcare actions become directed to specific groups, the individual and the family, their difficulties relate to the unavailability of materials. For dentists, whose actions more quoted were topical application of fluoride and supervised toothbrush, their greatest difficulty is the salary range. As to the Aux-N, ACD and ACS, for all of them the unavailability of materials has hindered the implementation of their activities in ESF

Saúde da família: uma estratégia de mudança no processo de produção dos serviços de saúde

The purpose of this study is to analyze, from the point of view of nurses, changes that took place in the process of providing health services after the introduction of the Family Health Program (FHP). It is na investigation of qualitative nature that uses semi-structured interviews as a main empirical approach tool. Six nurses from the city of Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte, who were working with basic care before the introduction of the FHP, within basic care, were: adscription and ties with the community; hospitality and the humanizacion of care-giving; decrease in cases of inpatient treatment; strengthening of the prevention of injuries and health promotion; improvemente of health indicatiors, finally, actions that point towads meeting the principles of wholeness, equity and universality as a declaration of the Brazilian National Health Care System (SUS). Nevertheless, in spite of all recognizable positive aspects, the FHP has some weaknesses, such as: the difficulty posed by colletive work; the mismatch between professional education and the demands of the current health standard; a poor physical infrastructure of the Basic Health Units; a high heath staff turnover and precarious work conditions. In addition to this, some strategies that can be used to help improve the process of providing health services have been pointed out, such as, coordination between sectors, continuous education, making work conditions less precarious and improving the means whereby heathy service management is conveyed,Tthus, finally, we understand that the FHP does bring forward meaningful changes to the process of provinding health services to strengthen the Brasilian National Health Care System (SUS), in spite of the fact that it lies within a scenario of adversities that can be overcome through the collective endeavor of the several social actors

A fragilidade e suas representações para idosos domiciliados no contexto da estratégia de Saúde da Família

This study aims to analyze social representations of elders to their fragile situation at home, with the presence of one or more characteristics, as defined by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. It is a descriptive and qualitative study, based on methodological -principles of the Theory of Social Representations. Setting was the homes of elderly residents in the area ascribed to a Family Health Unit (FHU) in the city of Natal. A total of 10 elderly subjects, whose choice was intentional and according to the need for USF home visit in a period of time, considering the saturation process of the information. As collection procedures were used the semi-structured interview and participant observation in accordance with the ethical rules of Resolution No. 196/96, with the assent of the Ethics and Research UFRN. To analyze the results, it was used the thematic content analysis in the aspect of preparation of representations, focusing on the totality of the discourse of the subjects. The results indicate that most study participants felt difficult to give meaning to the terms weakness and to be weak, although many present one or more aspects of the syndrome of frailty. From the content analysis of participants speeches in this study, we achieved the following categories: fragility as illness and disease as aging, aging and frailty as causes of changes and difficulties in daily life, the presence of family life in the fragile elderly, fragility as weakness and the risk for falls, the perception of being weak like a different person in addition to the absence of fragility in elderly life. Thus, through the processes of anchoring and objectification, the "fragile being" became familiar and concrete, showing that the meaning of weakness, besides the scientific definition found in the reified universes, can be reinterpreted and built within the consensus universes. About the care received by the staff of Family Health, from the viewpoint of older people there seems to be an understanding about the role of professional nurses; on the other hand, older people often mention the role of the Community Health Agent

Atuação dos enfermeiros da estratégia de saúde da família frente à violência intrafamiliar contra a criança

The family violence against children became visible, in the context of public health, due to the damage and injuries generated in the lives of children and to the growing need of investment in physical and human resources to fill this demand. In this context, it is believed that intervention could prevent such events and are configured as primary strategies to prevent the corollaries generated by the violence. In this perspective, this study aims to analyze the performance of nurses dealing with the Strategy of Family Health viewing to identify actions based on the paradigm of health distribution. This is a descriptive, exploratory and qualitative research. The data were analyzed based on the content analysis about the method proposed by Bardin. The study was conducted in Mossoró-RN and the participants were 14 nurses working for the Family Health Strategy in Health Units of this town. The instrument for data collection was a semi-structured questionnaire, with questions answered by the participants themselves. It was evident to the study that the nurses believe that health education are the main tool for dealing with domestic violence against children, being developed, however, in its positivist and vertical way. The actions used to develop health performed by the team on their daily lives are limited to educational activities and are carried exactly when cases of family violence against children are notified. Barriers to the practice emerged from fear of reprisals from the agressor, overwork, lack of management support and difficulty for the realization of interdisciplinary, intersectorality and comprehensive care.

O homem na estratégia de saúde da família

The research aimed to understand the general perception of men about their health care in a health unit família. This is an exploratory and descriptive qualitative approach, developed at the Center for Health Dr Vulpiano Cavalcante in the City of Parnamirim / RN. Participated in the investigation 12 men enrolled in the Estratégia de Saúde da Família ESF (Family Health Strategy), in the age-group 20 to 59 years lived in the catchment area of one of the ESF teams unit above. Data were collected from July to August 2009, through structured interviews, which, after transcription have undergone a process of identifying meaning units, coded and categorized according to the precepts of content analysis according to Bardin. Following in the footsteps of this method, originated the following themes: "Revealing what motivates men to seek assistance in the Estratégia de Saúde da Família," "Expressing knowledge of the Estratégia de Saúde da Família ", "an opinion about the care health and relationship with the ESF. The analysis was processed according to the principles of symbolic interactionism as Blumer. To support the discussions were used literary themes about man in the context of public health policies and the man in the family and the influences of gender. These, when they had their properties and dimensions analyzed, raised the central category Man on the Estratégia de Saúde da Família . The results show that respondents have limited knowledge about the ESF, your actions turn to use the service when no obligation arising from discomforts and accuracy of care. Moreover, delivering the opinion of the care with your health, even need, but recognizing that do not perform self-care. Given this reality, we can conclude that the perception of the man about his health in the ESF permeates gender issues that influence their behavior toward disease prevention and health promotion. This situation requires that the professionals and managers of health initiatives for the inclusion of man in the actions of the ESF assistance starting from the understanding of their conceptions of health care.

Inclusão da criança com deficiência na estratégia de saúde da família

The objective of analyze the shift of the working process of the ESF team in care of children with disabilities, from awareness-raising actions. It is a qualitative study, with the action-research method. Thirteen health professionals were involved from two teams of ESF unit area of the Unidade de Saúde da Família Dr. Chico Porto (UBSFCP) in Mossoró, from March to August 2011. Data were analyzed following the direction of freirean s thematic analysis. In the situational diagnosis of the current reality of CwD assistance in that UBSFCP, through participant observation and application of semi-structured interviews with professionals, we realize that despite these actions carry some assistance to the CwD, in practice few are used for inclusion and accessibility. The monitoring of the CwD is done through individual consultations by each team professional, home visits when possible, both ruled on the complaints and problems, with little solving in the used actions. Since the need for a change in the treatment model and training requirements as pointed out by professionals in the interview, then we decided to build the proposed of training suggested by the multidisciplinary team and put together collectively the achievement of this moment in all its phases. In the step of implementation (action), aspects related to the current situation in Brazil and Mossoró (Laws, policies and health care) for the CwD and CwD Assistance and their family in the ESF in the first two moments of the first training (action) were contemplate. On the second day we discussed the specialized care to CwD, contribution of the Handicapped Parents and Friends Association of Mossoró and in a second moment a workshop was held in which awareness for inclusion of CwD and actions of ESF were discussed. All these moments were discussed and collectively constructed. In the evaluation, we found that implementation (action) allowed to the professional the comprehension of new understandings about people with disabilities, on ways to include, guiding, caring, watching, and mainly to have a new vision on health assistance of the CwD, expanding assistance beyond clinical aspects and recognizing the educational aspects of the rights and duties of citizens and the inclusion of these children in the social spaces area. As difficulties, we face the need for some professionals to be absent to attend another job, solve personal problems, and little or no participation. Thus, during this action-research, the subjects were able to realize the importance of carrying out their practice to the quality of life for him and to the one they care