Modelos lineares generalizados mistos na avaliação genética da prenhez precoce na raça Nelore

This study aimed to use the generalized linear models with probit and logit link function to evaluate early pregnancy, and to observe the effects on genetic variability and on sire selection when different ages are adopted in the definition of this trait. Early pregnancy was studied at 15 (EP15), and 21 (EP21) months. The analysis was done in R software. Pearson correlations (PC), between genetic predicted values and percentage of bulls in common considering only 10% of bulls with higher genetic values (TOP 10), between classification by logit and probit models and in each model among EP15 and EP21, were calculated. The heritability for EP15 and EP21 were close between models, except for EP15 using probit link function. PC and TOP10 among models were high. The Akaike and Bayesian criteria reported was similar between models. TOP10, considering the same model, among EP15-EP21 were moderated between EP15-EP21.

Estudo das alterações lineares na região cervical de blocos M.O.D. fundidos em liga de cobre alumínio, segundo as técnicas de expansão higroscópica e térmica.

The authors studied linear alterations processed on copper-aluminum casten MOD blocks, obtained from two expansion techniques (termic and hygroscopic by immersion). UNITERMS: Investment expansion. Thermic expansion. Hygroscopic expansion. Casten Technique.

Concentração de flúor e solubilidade em esmalte de dentes decíduos permanentes jovens após aplicações tópicas de soluções fluoretadas.

The aim of this article was to compare, through the distillation method, the incorporated amount of fluoride and the reduction of solubility in the enamel of both deciduous and young permanent teeth, following topical application of a 2% neutral sodium fluoride solution, according to the Knutson's technique and a 1.23% of acidulated solution, according to the Wellock & Brudevold's technique. The greatest fluoride incorporation was observed in the deciduous teeth after the usage of the 2% neutral solution. The amount of calcium and phosphorus liberation by the acid solution was greatest in the control group, followed by the group of teeth treated in acidulated solution and, finally, by those treated in 2% sodium fluoride solution.

Solucao de sistemas lineares com matrizes e vetores esparsos em computadores vetoriais

This paper presents a methodology for solving a set of linear sparse equations on vector computers. The new methodology is able to exploit the matrix and vector sparsities. The implementation was made on a CRAY Y-MP 2E/232 computer and the results were taken from electric power systems with 118, 320, 725 and 1729 buses. The proposed methodology was compared with three previous methods and the results show the superior performance of the new one.

Novos resultados sobre a estabilidade e controle de sistemas nao-lineares utilizando modelos fuzzy e LMI

Relaxed conditions for the stability study of nonlinear, continuous and discrete-time systems given by fuzzy models are presented. A theoretical analysis shows that the proposed method provides better or at least the same results of the methods presented in the literature. Digital simulations exemplify this fact. These results are also used for the fuzzy regulators design. The nonlinear systems are represented by the fuzzy models proposed by Takagi and Sugeno. The stability analysis and the design of controllers are described by LMIs (Linear Matrix Inequalities), that can be solved efficiently by convex programming techniques. The specification of the decay rate, constraints on control input and output are also described by LMIs. Finally, the proposed design method is applied in the control of an inverted pendulum.

Efeito do nitrato e nitrito na corrosão das ligas de alumínio 2024 e 7050 em soluções de NaCl

The 2024-T3 and 7050-T7 aluminium alloys electrochemical behavior has been studied in NaCl 5% neutral solutions and 0,1M concentration containing NO 3 - or NO 2 -. The current job supports corrosion research on aluminium alloys used in aeronautic industry. Open circuit potential, polarisation curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques have been used. In chloride solutions, alloys corrosion takes place through a pitting mechanism. Added anions to aerated solutions do not possess inhibition effect. In deaerated solutions, nitrite has diminished anodic dissolution rate, probably by incorporating this anion in the oxide and/or hydroxide film.

Caracterização morfológica da corrosão por pite da liga AL2024 em soluções contendo cloretos e molibdatos

A very new method application for digital image processing and analysis to classify shape and evaluate size and morphology parameters of pit corrosion is used in this paper. This method seems to be very effective to analysis surfaces with low or high degree of pitting formation. Pits formed on 2024 alloy surface by chloride and by chloride + molibdate anions have similar mean area, are found to be widther than deeper and exhibit predominantly conical or near-conical and irregular geometries.

Ftalato de di-(2-etilexila) (DEHP) em bolsas de PVC para soluções parenterais de grandes volumes

Large volume parenteral solutions (LVPS) are widely used as vehicles for intravenous administration of drugs and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flexible bags are, nowadays, the plastic containers most commonly used to pack and drip-feed LVPS. An advantage of using bags is that they collapse flat and thus reduce the risk of airborne contamination and embolism caused by air in the bloodstream. They are mainly used in hospitals. This review deals with some important aspects of the PVC packaging containing the plasticizer DEHP, generally used to pack LVPS. The interaction between drug and package is discussed, with an emphasis on the migration of DEHP from the PVC bag to LVPS containing the immunosuppressant cyclosporin, and toxicological aspects are considered.

Potential anticariogênico de soluções aciduladas com baixa concentração flúor

Objetives: The aim of this study was to verify the anticariogenic effect of acidulate solutions with low NaF concentration, using pH-cycling model and bovine enamel. Material and methods: Enamel blocks were submitted to the surface microhardness (SMH) test and randomly divided in 12 experimental and one placebo groups. The blocks were submitted to pH cycling for 7 days, with daily applications once/day of 0.05% NaF and 0.1% NaF and twice/day of 0.02% NaF solutions. Four different pH: 4.0. 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 were used. Next, SMH test was again used to determine the surface microhardness percentage change (%SMH). Data obtained for %SMH were homogeneous and passed through variance analyses and Tukey's test (5%) as far as fluoride concentrations and pH. Resulls:The results showed that pH influenced %SMH in 0.02% NaF and 0.05% NaF solutions with pH 4.0, which had less mineral loss compared to pH 7.0 (p̃0.05). The 0.02% NaF - pH 4.0, and 0.05% NaF- pH 7.0 groups showed similar results (p>0.05). A dose-response relationship was observed among the tested solutions, with better anticariogenic effect for the 0.1% NaF solution. Conclusion: The results suggest that the addition of citric acid to acidulate mouth rinses reduce mineral loss.

Composição química e aspectos morfológicos de mudas de Tabebuia chrysotricha (Standl.) produzidas em diferentes substratos e soluções de fertirrigação

The work aimed to study the formation of Tabebuia chrysotricha Standi, seedlings in function of four substrates, varying the covering fertilization solutions. To compose the substrate it was used fibrous and granulated coconut fiber obtaining the following treatments: 100% fibrous (100% F), 60% fibrous + 40% granulated (60% F+40% G), 40% fibrous + 60% granulated (40% F+60% G) and 100% granulated (100% G). The basis fertilization was the same for all treatments and the solutions of covering fertilization varied in order to obtain complete solutions with electric conductivities of 1.06 dS m-1, 2.12 dS m-1, 3.2 dS m-1 and 4.25 dS m-1. The propagative material was sowed directly in plastic containers (120mL) with the respective substrates. The fertilization was received through sub-irrigation once a week, respecting the treatments of fertilizations. Seedlings produced in 100%G had been taller and higher than the others. The chemical analyses of aerial part were obtained when the seedlings were ready for expedition (height of 20 cm). The seedlings production in substrate 100% F and 60% F+40% G allowed them to have higher N, S, B, Mn and Zn concentrations in the aerial part. The production of T. chrysotricha seedlings is recommended in granulated coconut fiber substrate and fertilizer solutions with EC of 1.06 dS m-1.

Comparações entre equações de predição de consumo de capim-elefante cortado para vacas lactantes

This work aimed to compare intake prediction equations with values obtained by direct methods using chopped elephant-grass offered to crossbreed lactating cows with rumen canulas. The experimental design was a 3 x 3 Latin square (three animals and three cutting ages: 30, 45 and 60 days). The equations used for intake prediction (y) were: (1) y= -1.19 + 0.035(a+b) + 28.5c; (2) y= [%NDF on DM]*[NDF intake]/[(1- a - b)/KP+b/(c+kp)]/24; (3) y= -0.822 + 0.0748(a+b) + 40.7c and (4) equation 2 with values of intake measured directly. The predictions of NDF intake by equations were not different among treatments, instead of the difference among values measured directly: the 30 day-old had lower intake (5.29 kg/day) in relation to 45 (6.57 kg/day) and 60 (7.31 kg/day) day-old grasses. In general, equations overestimated the DM intake in relation to direct measuring (9.0 kg/cow/day), with exception of equation 3 which underestimated the intake (7.7 kg/day). The means of DM intake found by equations 1 and 2 (13.7 and 13.4 kg/cow/day, respectively) were similar between themselves and superior in relation to those found by equation 4 (9.7 kg/cow/day). The intakes measured directly were similar to those found in equation 4 and higher than those found by equation 3. The mean of rumen fill of 7.5 kg was superior to those of 5.2 kg estimated by equation. The prediction equations based on in situ degradability parameters do not supply estimates of DM intake, NDF intake and rumen fill in agreement with values obtained by direct methods.

Avaliação da dinâmica dos processos erosivos lineares e sua relação com a evolução do uso da terra

The development of linear erosion processes is directly related with the environment natural characteristics or with modifications that have occurred on them by the anthropic action. In this context, the present article has as a general objective to evaluate the dynamic of the linear erosion processes and their relations with the evolution of the land use and with the lito-pedologic characteristics of the Cavalheiro hydrographic basin - Analândia, SP. In order to reach such objective, maps of erosive features and land use of several settings were elaborated, besides cartographic representations of the geological and pedological data of the study area. The obtained data were analyzed starting from the principles that concern to the General Systems Theory. Such analysis evidenced the intrinsic bond of the development of linear erosion processes with the several forms of land use and with the natural attributes of the studied area. Therefore, the methodological procedure adopted in this research has been considered as fundamental tool to understand the linear erosion processes dynamic, making it possible to take data of extreme relevance for the planning of the use and occupation of the land.

Proposição e validações de equações para estimativa da erosividade de dois municípios do estado de São Paulo

The equations and extrapolation use to localities whose characteristics of soil and climate, even if partial, distinguish the town to which they were generated, still permeate in studies to estimate the rainfall erosivity (EI 30). This work has objective to propose and validate mathematical equations to estimate the rainfall erosivity of two cities of Sao Paulo State's. The adjusted to estimate obtaining and validate data of equations of erosivity (EI 30) according to values of coefficient of rain (Rc) were obtained from pluviographic and pluviometric rainfall data, respectively, using of distinct historical rainfall series. Mutiple comparisions test and confidence intervals were performed to compare absolute average of EI 30, pluviometric data (Pp), and Rc. The correlation between EI 30 and Rc was verified by of Pearson correlation coefficient. Test of the hypothesis of equality between population variance was used to compare the equations. Pluviometrics data of historical series rainfall data different than those that the models were generated were used to validate and to assess the performance of the equations, proposed of this study and compare them with another equation already consolidated in literature. The results show that for the conditions under which the study was conducted, the simple linear equations, shown to be the most appropriate to estimate the rainfall erosivity these two cities. According to the test of the hypothesis of equality variances between populations, the equations adjusted for each city differ statistically so that the rainfall erosivity of each city must be estimated by their respective equation.

Geração de padrões de corte n-grupos para a indústria moveleira

Neste artigo são apresentadas propostas de soluções para o problema de geração de padrões de corte n-grupos para o corte da matéria-prima na indústria moveleira. Este problema NP-difícil aparece em diversos outros processos industriais que incluem o corte de painéis retangulares grandes de tamanho padrão em retângulos menores. O planejamento dos cortes é um aspecto importante do planejamento da produção nestas indústrias, pois efeitos negativos tais como o perda de matériaprima e tempo de preparo da máquina de corte podem ser minimizados, diminuindo assim os custos de produção. É estudada a eficiência de modelos lineares inteiros para resolver o problema do corte guilhotinado bidimensional propostos em [33,34], bem como o seu uso na geração de colunas para o problema de corte de estoque. São usados dados reais de uma fábrica de móveis de pequeno porte característica do pólo moveleiro de Votuporanga/SP. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as estratégias propostas geram perdas dentro dos requisitos exigidos pela fábrica. © SPM.

Soluções nutritivas no desenvolvimento do crisântemo cultivado em vaso

Although the information about nutritive solution for potted chrysanthemum is still incongruent, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nutritive solutions in the development of Miramar chrysanthemum cultivated in pots at FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP. The experiment had a randomized block design with split-plot evaluation and treatments corresponding to four nutritive solutions consisting of commercial fertilizers (S1, S2, S3, S4) evaluated at 0, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days after rooting (DAE), with five replications. The plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, stem diameter, total dry matter mass of aerial part and roots; number and diameter of inflorescences, and physiological indexes of growth analysis were evaluated. The nutritive solutions did not interfere significantly in stem diameter, number and diameter of inflorescences and dry matter of roots, although S3 and S4 provided the highest plants, leaf area, number of leaves, total dry matter of aerial part. The physiological indexes showed that plants presented an accelerated growth from 14 to 28 DAE with S4 and S3 solutions and therefore they were considered the best solutions.