An Italian job: the need for collective wage bargaining reform. Bruegel Policy Brief ISSUE 2016/11 - JULY 2016

Highlights: Since the mid-1990s, Italy has been characterised by a lack of labour productivity growth, combinedwith a 60 percent growth in labour costs, 20 percentage points above euro-area average consumer price growth. As a consequence, Italy has become less competitive compared to its euro-area partners, the profitability of its firms has dropped and real GDP-per-capita has flatlined. • At the root of the substantial discrepancy between wages and productivity is Italy’s system of centralised wage bargaining which, in many ways, is designed without regard for the underlying industrial structure and geographical heterogeneity of the Italian economy.This has fostered perverse incentives and imbalances within Italy. • Collective wage bargaining, and in particular the determination of base salaries, should be moved from the national to the regional level for all contracts, in the public and private sectors.The Mezzogiorno,which might superficially be seen as losing out from this policy, would actually gain the most in competitiveness terms. • Furthermore, measures should be taken so that, in the long run, the Italian industrial structure evolves into a less fragmented small-company-based economy. This firm consolidation would likely expand the use of firm-level agreements and performance payments, and would improve Italy’s productivity and competitiveness overall.

Frenitalianese in Montreal: when French, Italian and English collide

La tesi approfondisce le origini della lingua francese e inglese approdate sulle coste canadesi con Jacques Cartier e i colonizzatori britannici. Un ulteriore cambiamento linguistico si osserva con l’arrivo delle ondate di immigrati provenienti da diversi paesi, tra di loro anche moltissimi italiani. Un cambiamento importante ha coinvolto la lingua parlata dagli immigrati italiani sbarcati a Montreal negli anni ’60. Una commistione di dialetti ha dato vita, in definitiva, ad una lingua ibrida: l’Italianese. L’analisi per generazione ha, in seguito, permesso di osservare l’evoluzione e l’involuzione dei rapporti tra italiano, inglese e francese, con la creazione di parlate uniche che non possono essere scisse né dalla cultura di partenza, quella italiana, né da quelle di arrivo (inglese e francese). Ogni generazione ha sviluppato, in maniera originale, un particolare rapporto sui tre diversi fronti linguistici con i quali si confronta ogni giorno e le soluzioni trovate sono del tutto inaspettate e straordinarie. Si può notare, infine, come il rapporto con la lingua italiana sembra affievolirsi nei più giovani e nella più acerba quarta generazione. Solo il passare del tempo, però, potrà rivelarci cosa ne sarà della lingua italiana parlata a Montreal.

The tourist's pocket book : containing useful words and simple phrases in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, ... and Hungarian. Medical and surgical hints; cypher code for telegrams and post cards; blank forms of washing lists ... to facilitate the sayings and doings of British and American travellers /

Mode of access: Internet.

The foreign trade dilemma : fact and fiction : hearing before the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, Ninety-eighth Congress, second session, May 1, 1984.

Mode of access: Internet.

Italian life and legends /

"The sketches were written ... in the years 1864 and 1865. A few appeared in the periodicals at the time they were written."--Pref.

Italian inventions for instruments with a keyboard /

At head of title: Paper read before the fourth congress of the International Musical Society (Internationale Musikgesellschaft), London: May 29 to June 3, 1911.

Biographical and bibliographical dictionary of the Italian humanists and of the world of classical scholarship in Italy, 1300-1800.

Vol. 6: Supplement. A-Z has half title: Dictionary of the Italian humanists.

Humanism and tyranny, studies in the Italian trecento,

The text of each document, with an introduction.

Universal author repertoire of Italian essay literature,

Mode of access: Internet.

America in English fiction, 1760-1800; the influences of the American Revolution

"America in the novel, 1761-1800": p. 439-442; "The West Indies in the English novel, 1761-1800": p. 443-445; "The East Indies in the English novel, 1761-1800": p. 446-448; "List of chief works consulted": p.449-460.

Fact, fiction, and forecast.

Mode of access: Internet.